When is the right time to grow a blue plum? Can I use a greenhouse in winter? 20

Blueberries are best planted in autumn, followed by winter, followed by early spring, and other times are not recommended.

You can use a greenhouse in winter, but do a good job of temperature control.

Blueberries are best planted in autumn, followed by winter, followed by early spring. Other times are not recommended. In winter, you can use greenhouses, do a good job of temperature control, humidity control, should be OK, but this condition is too high, and there are requirements for facilities.

In the northern region, it is generally planted in spring, and it is easy to suffer from frost damage if it is planted in autumn and not managed properly in winter. Spring planting is usually in March-April. Generally, 2 to 3-year-old seedlings are selected. Small seedlings are cheap and adaptable, and they are easy to grow.

The value of blueberries:

Blueberry fruit is rich in nutrients, which has the functions of preventing cranial nerve aging, protecting eyesight, strengthening the heart, anti-cancer, softening blood vessels, and enhancing human immunity, with high nutrients.

Among them, blueberries are rich in anthocyanins, which have the effect of activating the retina, strengthen vision and prevent eye fatigue, and are also one of the five healthy fruits recommended by the World Food and Agriculture Organization.

And according to the research of scientists in the United States, Japan and Europe, regular consumption of blueberry products can also significantly enhance eyesight and eliminate eye fatigue. Medical clinical reports have also shown that the anthocyanins in blueberries can promote the regeneration of rhodopsin in retinal cells, prevent myopia, and improve vision.

Blueberries are adaptable, prefer acidic soils, and generally require a soil pH value; The soil should be soft, the organic matter content is generally 8%-12%, it likes moisture, and the drought resistance is poor. In the event of disease, the main cultivar is high-bush blueberry, with a plant height of about 2 meters, which can resist the low temperature of -25--30, and the value is generally 330 plants per mu; Half-height bush blueberry, plant height rice, can resist the low temperature of -35--38, generally planted 330 plants per mu; Dwarf bush blueberry, plant height rice, can resist low temperature above -40, generally 500-800 plants per mu, suitable for cold zone cultivation. Blueberry seedling propagation can be propagated by root tiller, root strip propagation, cuttings propagation and tissue culture propagation.

For planting blueberries in pots, it is best to choose mud pots. The mud pot is breathable, cheap, and the disadvantage is that the black gray color is not very beautiful. If you can't buy a clay pot, you can choose a clay pot, followed by a purple sand pot, a plastic pot, and don't use a glazed porcelain pot.

As for the size of the pot, 2 3 years old seedlings, choose a pot with a diameter of 25 to 30 cm, and avoid small seedlings and large pots. When you grow up, you can change the big pot. 4 5 years old mature plants, of course, the bigger the better.

Blueberries can only grow healthily in acidic media, and the pH value of the cultivation soil is between 4 and 5 for blueberry growth.

Blueberries need to store cold energy. The so-called cold storage capacity is that blueberries generally need x hours to achieve normal flowering and fruiting, and the specific time varies depending on the variety, so China's Hainan is not suitable for planting blueberries. If the cold storage capacity is insufficient, the blueberries can also bloom normally, but do not bear fruit.

Therefore, if you grow blueberries on the balcony in the Gangnam area, you don't need to move back indoors in winter.

Blueberries do not require much fertilizer, and too high will hurt it. There is a certain amount of humus in the medium, which can basically meet the growth needs of blueberries. Of course, if you want to eat your own blueberries, you usually need an appropriate amount of top dressing, and you can choose Bika water-soluble fertilizer.

Yunnan open-air blueberryRipening can begin in early March. Hunan, Jiangxi and other placesOpen-air blueberries ripen around the end of April to early May. Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan and other placesOpen-air blueberries ripen in mid-to-late May, and cold-shed blueberries ripen in late April.

Open-air blueberries in Shandong, Henan, Liaoning and other places can ripen in early JuneCold-shed blueberries ripen in mid-to-late May, and green-shed blueberries can ripen in early April.

Climate: According to the climatic characteristics of China and the growth habits of different blueberry varieties, the planting area can be roughly divided into four production areas: Changbai Mountain and Greater and Lesser Xing'an Mountains blueberry production areas, Liaodong Peninsula and Jiaodong Peninsula blueberry production areas, Yangtze River Basin blueberry production areas, and South China blueberry production areas.

Soil: Blueberry is suitable for sandy loam soil with good loose drainage performance, soil pH value, the optimal soil pH value is, soil organic matter content is 8 12%, the optimal soil water level is 40 60 cm, and the soil is moist without water accumulation.

Water: Blueberry root distribution is shallow, sensitive to water deficiency, in most cases need to be irrigated in time according to soil moisture, river water, reservoir water or groundwater can be used as irrigation water sources, but to avoid the use of high salt content and high pH water source irrigation.

Topography: blueberries should choose a relatively gentle terrain flat or gentle slope land, although the slope of the mountain is conducive to improving the quality of the fruit, but to the field operation brings a lot of inconvenience, should avoid the choice of valley or low-lying plot to cultivate blueberries, so as not to suffer frost damage during the flowering period.

Blueberries are distributed all over the world, mainly in cool and sunny regions, such as North Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Russia, Europe, North America and Chinese mainland Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jilin Changbai Mountain area, growing at an altitude of 900 meters to 2,300 meters, mostly found in coniferous forests, peat bogs, montane tundra and pastures, and is also an important part of heather shrubland.

The cultivation of blueberries in China started late, mainly from the north, semi-high bushes, dwarf bushes, and rabbit's eye blueberries. The geographical dispersion, as of the spring of 2009, the planting area is about 20,000 acres, mainly distributed in: Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Jiangsu, etc.

Among them, Liaoning Province has the largest industrial planting area.

Blue plum seedling process.

1. Tissue culture method was used to cultivate half-tall bush blueberry and dwarf bush blueberry seedlings

1) Minimal medium: WPM+ZT (Mg L.)

2) Start the culture: use the stem tip or stem segment, sterilize with 75% alcohol for 30s, and then use mercury to sterilize for 8min, then rinse with sterile water for five times, inoculate into the medium, light for 16h, light intensity 2000 3000 lux, temperature about 23.

3) Proliferation culture: After the seedlings are full of bottles, they are repeatedly transferred until the required number is reached.

4) Assessment: The bottle seedlings grow well, the color is normal, the infection rate is controlled within 5%, and the quantity is moderate, which is qualified.

2. Transplanting: 1) After refining the seedlings for three days, cut them into stem segments of about 3 cm, soak them in 800 times carbendazim and rooting powder for 10min, transplant them into a seedling tray filled with water moss, control the temperature at 15 28, humidity 70 90%, and shade the light with a shade net until the stem section takes root. Spray 800 times carbendazim and rooting solution every 15 days.

2) After rooting, move into a nutrient bowl of 12 13 cm, control the pH value of the seedling soil at about 1 4, and mix about 1 4 sawdust or pine needles.

3) Management: Moderate watering every day, observation of the disease and insect conditions, timely prevention.

4) Assessment: 70% rooting rate, 90% survival rate after rooting is qualified.

5) After the root system is full of nutrient bowls, it can be moved into the field.

The best time to plant blueberry crops is autumn, blueberry crops should be properly shaded after planting, otherwise it will cause dehydration of crops, and growers should shade blueberry crops in time.

Supplement: Blueberry crops are suitable for planting in a sunny and well-ventilated growth environment, due to the shallow distribution of blueberry roots, the planting environment should be good, which is more conducive to the growth and fruiting of blueberry crops.

Due to the shallow root distribution of blueberry crops and the preference for moist growing environments, watering is very important. Blueberry watering should pay attention to the water source and water quality, for the water quality contains high sodium and calcium content, long-term use will affect the growth and yield of blueberries. Blueberry crop fertilization should be combined with the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer mixed organic fertilizer has a better effect than the application of a single fertilizer; The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 1:

1:1 is appropriate; At the same time, it is better to apply ammonium nitrogen fertilizer such as ammonium sulfate, and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied; Since blueberries are sensitive to chlorine, do not use chlorine-containing fertilizers such as ammonium chloride and potassium chloride.

1.Fertilize. Blueberries have a very low demand for fertilizer, and generally only need to apply a small amount of N fertilizer when the soil acidity is satisfied, and too much fertilizer often leads to excessive fertilizer and damages the tree and affects the yield.

It is forbidden to use nitrate N, and it is better to use urea. When applying K fertilizer, do not apply KCL, K2SO4 and so on. Organic fertilizer and farmhouse fertilizer should be applied as much as possible in production, such as pig and cow manure. Green manure can also be sown, such as white clover, etc.

The fertilization method is generally suitable for furrow application, which can effectively reduce the loss of fertilizer and water. When applying chemical fertilizer, the width of the ditch is 20 25cm, and the depth of the ditch is 10 15cm; In autumn and winter, when applying farmhouse fertilizer or pressing green, the width of the ditch is 30 35cm, and the depth of the ditch is 35 40cm; The green manure is buried in the soil by digging and pressing the green; The fertilization time is generally divided into 3 times after germination, fruit ripening and harvest.

2.Water. Blueberry root system is shallow and likes moisture, so timely irrigation is necessary.

Irrigation needs to pay attention to the water source and water quality, deep well water is generally high pH value, and high sodium and calcium content, long-term use will affect the growth and yield of blueberries, you can use sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to about 415 when irrigating and then irrigating, but should be irrigated 3 times and then 1 time of acid water.

3.Temperature control.

The key to promoting cultivation is to break the flower bud differentiation stage and dormancy period of blueberries, and the temperature in the shed is more suitable for blueberry growth is 20 25E, the highest can not exceed 30E, and the lowest can not be lower than 12E. The cooling demand of highbush blueberry should be 800 1200h at a low temperature of 0 712e. When the low temperature requirement is insufficient, it will cause poor germination and insufficient flowering, which will affect the yield and quality of the fruit.

The key to achieving blueberry off-season production is to adjust the dormancy time of blueberries in a timely manner, and it is worth noting that whether it enters a low temperature state in advance or enters the growth period after dormancy, the temperature control must be carried out slowly, and the temperature difference is not too large in a short period of time, so as not to affect the growth and development of blueberries.

4.Shaping and trimming.

Pruning at the young tree stage. At this stage, the flower buds are mainly removed, with the aim of expanding the canopy, increasing the number of branches, and promoting root development. After planting, weak branches were thinned in the spring of the second and third years, and the crown was still expanded in the first year, but the fruit could be moderately fruited.

Generally, the plant yield in the third year should be controlled below 1kg, and the fruit of strong branches should be the mainstay.

Mature tree pruning. At this time, pruning is mainly to control the height of the tree, improve the light conditions, mainly to thin the branches, and remove too dense branches, weak branches, diseased branches and root tillers. The root potential is weaker than that of open varieties when thinning branches; Erect varieties go to the center of the stem, open the skylight, and leave medium branches.

The best fruiting age of large branches is 5 to 6 years old, and it is necessary to retract and renew in time. Weak twigs erase the flower buds and make them stronger. Adult trees have a large amount of flowers, so they should cut off some flower buds, and generally leave 4 or 6 flower buds for each strong branch.

Blueberry potted blueberries should be cut in winter.

Summary. In the northern region, it is generally planted in spring, and it is easy to suffer from frost damage if it is planted in autumn and improperly managed in winter. When planting seedlings, fill the small pit with some wet acidic peat, or pre-prepared planting, and then plant the seedlings and surround the roots and mixed peat, and finally cover them until they are level with the ground.

In the northern region, it is generally planted in spring, and it is easy to suffer from frost damage if it is planted in autumn and improperly managed in winter. When planting seedlings, fill the small pit with some wet acidic peat, or pre-prepared planting, and then plant the seedlings and surround the roots with the root system, so that the added wide and rotten mixed peat, etc., surround the seedling roots, and finally cover it until it is level with the ground.

Pro, blueberries planted in greenhouses in the north should choose cold-tolerant, ornamental, easy pollination, long fruit-bearing period Cap, Meiden, Svek, Kunlan, Fendi and other dwarf bush blueberry varieties and Beicun, Beilan, Beikong, Polaris, Qipewa, Beilu, Shengyun and other semi-high-bush blueberry varieties and Split Zhaoduke, Patriot, Wild Bluebird, Berkeley, Ricka, Lanfeng and other northern high-bush blueberry varieties.

Blueberry is a plant that is sensitive to fertilizer, and too much fertilization will damage the root system due to the high concentration of soil salt base, resulting in plant death. It can be replaced with pollution-free cationic active agent to promote Kao No. 2 to promote flowering genes, which contain digging bucket hu to make fruit talk about selling core trees to bloom more and set more fruits. At the young fruit stage, spray strong fruit and fruit pedicle in time to thicken the fruit pedicle and increase the amount of nutrient delivery.