What are the characteristics of Qin Yingzheng in governing the country, and how did Qin finally stan

Qin Yingzheng is the first emperor of Qin in the governance of the country to adopt a great unification, unified the writing and weights and measures; It also attaches importance to the use of talents; building the Great Wall to defend against external aggression;

The construction of the Zhengguo Canal during the reign of King Ying of Qin brought the development of agriculture in Qin to a new level. The irrigation of the Zhengguo Canal led to a rapid expansion of the arable area in the Guanzhong area. The place where the Zhengguo Canal flows through used to be a saline-alkali land, and after the canal is built, the water is diverted, and the sediment content is large, and the water body is rich in nutrients.

The soil quality of the saline land was improved through irrigation, turning the former wilderness into fertile soil that was easy to cultivate.

The expansion of Qin's cultivated area led to an increase in grain production, which laid the economic foundation for Qin's eastward expansion and enabled Qin to completely embark on the road of enriching the country and strengthening its army. Qin's open recruitment and employment policy is also commendable, and the reuse of talents from outside the country began with Qin Mugong, and later monarchs will also inherit and carry forward this employment tradition. Regardless of origin, regardless of nationality, the talents of the Kwantung countries flowed to the Qin state.

These foreign talents were reused in the Qin State, and they were often able to do their best to give advice to the monarch of the Qin State.

1. Feudalism ** centralized system: to establish the supremacy of imperial power, Ying Zheng stipulates that the supreme ruler of the feudal country is called the emperor, and all the political, economic and military power of the country is concentrated in the hands of the emperor. Establish ** and local administrative organs, and set up official positions such as prime minister, imperial historian, and Taiwei in **.

2. Unified weights and measures, so that the length, capacity, and weight have unified standards, which facilitates the development of the economy.

3. Unified currency: The round square hole money of the Qin State is used as a unified currency and circulated throughout the country, which is very useful for promoting economic exchanges among various ethnic groups and regions.

4. Unified text: The simplified font small seal is used as a standard font and is used nationwide.

5. Book burning and pit Confucianism: Strengthen the control of thoughts.

In order to consolidate the vast empire but different cultures in different places, the Qin Dynasty implemented policies and reforms in politics, military, economy, and transportation. The political system has established a centralized system based on the emperor system, the system of three princes and nine secretaries and the county system, replacing the title system of different princes and wealthy families in the past. The law basically continued the law of the Qin State, adding that the emperor held the power of life and death, and the prime minister was only an assistant.

In terms of defense, the Great Wall was built to consolidate the north, the Great Wall and the fortifications such as the city piers of the Six Kingdoms were destroyed, the people of the world were confiscated and cast into twelve gold men, and the eastern tour was made five times to stabilize the Kanto regions. In terms of transportation, the construction of major transportation routes such as Chi Road and Ling Canal was built to facilitate the army's travel to various places to quell the turmoil, and it was also conducive to the transportation of supplies to various regions. On the economic front, the Qin Dynasty continued the policy of reforming the Shang Dynasty, implementing the policy of emphasizing agriculture over commerce, encouraging farmers to increase grain production, and even having the opportunity to obtain knighthoods.

In terms of industry and commerce, the currency (Qin Banliang) and weights and measures were unified, and the monopoly of salt and iron was implemented, but commerce was not completely banned, and merchants such as Wu Shi Lu, who was engaged in animal husbandry, and Ba Di widow Qing, who was engaged in Dansha, were also encouraged.

After Qin Shi Huang unified the six kingdoms, he took a series of measures to consolidate his rule in the economic, political, and cultural aspects: Qin Shi Huang first established the emperor system. Qin Shi Huang also established a feudal bureaucracy centered on the emperor.

Qin Shi Huang established the county system throughout the country. Nationwide, the private ownership of land was affirmed, the written language was unified, and the systems of weights and measures, currency, and rails were standardized; Build Chi Road, with Xianyang as the center, east to Shandong, Hebei, south to Anhui, Jiangsu; moved 120,000 wealthy households in the world to Xianyang, which is convenient for nearby control; Destroy the walls and fortresses used by the six nations to divide them, and break through the obstacles laid out in the river. At the same time, Qin Shi Huang also sent troops to resist the attack of the Xiongnu nobles, and built the Great Wall, unified "South Vietnam", and immigrated to develop Lingnan.

Qin Shi Huang also engaged in book burning and Confucianism, but the result was a rupture of relations within the ruling class, weakening the ruling foundation of the Qin dynasty, and did not serve the purpose of consolidating its rule.

In the field of economic and cultural thought, he carried out a series of measures to consolidate the unified and centralized state. This further consolidates the situation of unity. (1) Economically, vigorously promote the policy of valuing agriculture and suppressing business, and support the development of private ownership of feudal land.

Decreed in the thirty-first year of the first emperor (216 BC)."Make the head of the Qianqian from the solid field"That is, as long as the landlords and yeoman farmers who occupy the land declare the amount of land to the first and pay taxes, their land ownership will be recognized and protected. (2) And the weights and measures formulated by Shang Yang as the standard to unify the national weights and measures system. The currencies of various countries in the Warring States period were abolished and the national currency system was unified.

3) In terms of culture and thought, the small seal was formulated on the basis of the common script of the Qin State, which was promulgated as a standard script throughout the country. Qin Shi Huang adopted a series of measures to maintain the unity and stability of the country's borders. (1) After Qin Shi Huang ascended the throne, he sent Meng Tian to lead his troops to attack the Xiongnu, recover Henan, and force them to retreat to the north of Yinshan; (2) In order to prevent further intrusion, the Great Wall in the north of the three kingdoms of Qin, Zhao and Yan during the Warring States Period was also connected, and the Great Wall of 10,000 miles from Lintao (now Minxian County, Gansu) in the west to Liaodong in the east was built.

3) After conquering the Baiyue region, Guilin, Xiangjun, Nanhai and other counties were set up. In the last years of the First Emperor, the number of Qin counties increased from 36 counties at the beginning of unification to more than 40 counties"East to Haiji Korea, west to Lintao, Qiangzhong, south to North Xianghu, north according to the river for the plug, and Yinshan to Liaodong"

In the "Treatise on the Passage of Qin", it is believed that the reason for the demise of the Qin State is: "The offensive and defensive forces are different without benevolence and righteousness." Meaning: The situation of attacking and defending because of the lack of benevolence has changed.

The first part of "On the Passage of Qin" first describes the reasons why Qin has gradually become stronger since the filial piety of the first emperor: it has geographical advantages, the idea of changing the law to become strong, the correct war strategy, and the painstaking management of several Qin kings. The text adopts a comparative sentence and a prescriptive method, which is full of momentum; Later, he wrote that although Chen She's own strength was small, he was able to bring about the collapse of the powerful Qin State, and in the comparison, he concluded that the death of Qin was due to "benevolence and righteousness".

The middle part analyzes that Qin did not have a correct policy after unifying the world, and Qin II failed to correct Qin Shi Huang's wrong policy, mainly blaming Qin II for his mistakes. In the next part, it is written that Qin Ziying was in a critical situation, and Qin Ziying did not have the ability to save the world, mainly accusing Qin Ziying of negligence.

In addition to the unification of the written language, Qin Shi Huang also had many significant achievements. It took thousands of years to build the Great Wall, making it a natural boundary between agricultural peoples and nomads, and the Great Wall has become a national border for a long time, etc., until today, it still has far-reaching historical significance.

Qin Shi Huang's greatest contribution to history is that he unified the six kingdoms to end the war, was the first emperor, and unified weights and measures.

The unification of the nation, the written word, and the weights and measures is the greatest contribution to history, and it is said that he is a tyrant, but throughout his life, it is not.

The greatest contribution was undoubtedly the unification of the Six Kingdoms, which laid a solid foundation for the subsequent unification of the script, weights and measures system, and he undoubtedly made great contributions to the development of subsequent dynasties.

The unification of the six countries is such a contribution. It is very great, has made a special great contribution, and has given China a very good development, which is very good.

In employing people, King Yingzheng of Qin did not select people based on their background, did not stick to one pattern, recruited talents, was able to be courteous and virtuous, appointed people only with ability, and dared to admit mistakes to his subordinates. Because King Yingzheng of Qin was good at discovering talents and reusing them, these talents were able to do their best in his great cause of unification and played a vital role.

Qin Shi Huang had no clear vision, but only his personality determined that he was able to unify China.

Win the government to govern the country with legalist ideology, and use talents without sticking to one pattern.

And the six countries reused the royal family, and the so-called four gentlemen of the Warring States were all royal families, but they were all excluded later.

What the Qin State uses is to promote talents in an eclectic manner, as long as it can be used by me, it can be used according to the talent, on the other hand, the other six countries are not good.

What is needed in a war of reunification first and foremost is a strong comprehensive national strength, and talent is also an important factor.

Employing people is not suspicious, suspecting people is not needed, even if they are suspicious, pretend not to be suspicious, already suspect, and then kill ...... when they are finished

Fan Ju made friends from afar and attacked closely, and said "Warring States Policy Qin Ce": Fan Ju said: "The king is not as good as a distant friend and a close attack, and if you get an inch, the king will be an inch; The ruler is also the ruler of the king.

This is a famous sentence that Fan Ju persuaded the King of Qin. Long-distance and close attack is a strategic strategy to divide and disintegrate the enemy's alliance, break each one, and make friends far away from one's own country and attack the neighboring country first.

When the attempt to achieve a military objective is limited by geographical conditions and difficult to achieve, it is necessary to attack the nearest enemy first, and not to go beyond the close enemy to attack the enemy who is far away from oneself. In order to prevent the enemy from forming an alliance, it is necessary to do everything possible to divide the enemy and break each one. After the elimination of the close enemy, the countries of "distant relations" have become new targets of attack.

The purpose of "long-distance friendship" is actually to avoid the use of diplomatic deception to make too many enemies.

Fan Ju: This is a person that some people don't know because it doesn't feel so famous.