The formula for calculating the balance of payments, what does it mean to pay the balance of payment

The balance of payments balance is calculated as follows:

Balance of Payments = Current Account.

Balance of income and expenditure + difference of income and expenditure of capital current accounts.

Current Account Receipts - Current Account Expenditures) + Capital Current Account Receipts - Capital Current Account Expenditures).

Current Account Surplus (+) Deficit (-) Net Capital Account Inflow (+) Net Outflow (-).

The formulas listed above do not take into account "errors and omissions". Errors and omissions as balancing items can be calculated by comparing the balance of payments calculated by the above formula with the increase or decrease in reserve funds. For example, the balance of payments deficit.

$1.5 million, while the reserve decreased by only $0.8 million over the same period, indicating errors and omissions of $0.7 million.

The balance of payments refers to the absolute value of the difference between a country's total international income and total international expenditure in a certain period of time (quarter, year).

The total income is greater than the total expenditure is a surplus, and vice versa. Since the balance of payments is calculated on the basis of the total amount of income and expenditure, it is also known as the comprehensive balance of payments. The balance of payments includes the current account and the capital account.

The financial balance analysis method is a simplified form of the chain substitution method, which uses the difference between the comparative value and the benchmark value of each factor to calculate the impact of each factor on the analysis index.

Rationale: Let f=a b c

Cardinal f0 = a0 b0 c0

Actual f1 = a1 b1 c1

The influence of the change of factor A on the F index: (A1-A0) B0 The impact of the change of factor C0B on the F index: A1 (B1-B0) The influence of the change of the C0C factor on the code burial of the F index: A1 B1 (C1-C0) factor analysis.

Based on the relationship between the analysis index and its influencing factors, it is a method to quantitatively determine the direction and degree of influence of each factor on the analysis index, including the chain substitution method and the difference analysis method.

Attention should be paid to the following issues when using factor analysis:

1. The relevance of factor decomposition.

2. The sequential nature of factor substitution.

3. The continuity of sequential substitution.

Differences in translation of foreign currency statements refer to the preparation of consolidated financial statements.

When the financial statements prepared by a foreign subsidiary or branch in the currency of the country where it is located are converted into the financial statements expressed in the base currency of accounting, the exchange gains and losses due to the translation of the statement items at different exchange rates.

Translation gains and losses on foreign currency statements are a type of unrealized gains and losses that are generally not reflected in the books of accounts, but only in the statements.

Extended Materials: a. Guidance on the application of the Standards for Presentation of Financial Statements in accordance with the Revised Financial Statements"When an enterprise converts the financial statements of its overseas operations, it shall:"Differences in translation of financial statements in foreign currencies"Owner's equity in the balance sheet.

Other comprehensive income is shown separately under the item.

Differences in translation of foreign currency financial statements should be incorporated after the revision of the standards"Other comprehensive income"Items, no longer listed separately (including the consolidated report form should also be adjusted accordingly).Among them, they are included in the consolidated balance sheet"Other comprehensive income"The difference in translation of the foreign currency financial statements in China includes only the portion attributable to shareholders of the parent company, and the portion attributable to minority shareholders remains incorporated"Minority interests.

Presentation of Items 2. The difference in the translation of the foreign currency financial report is presented separately under the owner's equity item in the balance sheet.

3. Article 12 of Chapter 4 of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 19 - Foreign Currency Translation stipulates as follows:

Enterprises shall comply with the following provisions when converting the financial statements of overseas operations:

1) The assets and liabilities in the balance sheet shall be converted at the spot exchange rate on the balance sheet date, and the owner's right to sail shall be profitable.

Except for "undistributed profits".

With the exception of items, other items are translated at the spot exchange rate at the time they occur.

2) Income statement.

The income and expense items in are translated using the spot exchange rate on the date of the transaction; It is also possible to adopt the following system.

The exchange rate determined by a reasonable method and similar to the spot exchange rate on the date of the transaction is converted.

The difference in the translation of foreign currency financial statements arising from the translation in accordance with (1) and (2) above shall be included in the owner's equity item in the balance sheet.

It is listed separately under this heading.

Translations of comparative financial statements are treated mutatis mutandis as set out above.

1. Definition: The balance of payments refers to the difference of independent transactions. When this difference is zero, it is called "balance of payments"; When this difference is positive, it is called a "balance of payments surplus"; When this difference is negative, it is called a "balance of payments deficit".

2. Pay the balance of payments: When the income exceeds the expenditure, we need to use the world currency to import goods to make up for the difference between the income and the expenditure, and then achieve the balance of payments. In fact, the payment of the balance of payments is a function of the means of payment of world money.

The basic balance in the balance of payments is calculated based on the long-term capital balance under the current account and the capital account.

The balance of payments statement can comprehensively reflect a country's balance of payments situation, balance of payments structure, and changes in reserve assets, and provide a basis for formulating foreign economic policies, analyzing the basic economic factors affecting the balance of payments, and taking corresponding regulation and control measures. According to the International Monetary Organization's Balance of Payments Manual (Fifth Edition), the standard composition of the balance of payments consists of two basic components: the current account, the capital and the financial account.

Long-term capital payments under the current account and under the capital account.

1.Briefly describe the main contents of the balance of payments.

A: Balance of Payments items are usually divided into four categories: current account, capital and financial account, changes in reserve assets, and net errors and omissions.

Current accounts include goods, services, revenues and current transfers. The capital account records the transfer of the nature of capital and the one-time sale and outright sale of assets such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, etc. Financial projects record three types of investment: direct investment, ** investment, and other investments.

Reserve assets are financial assets that are held by the central bank or the treasury department and can be used directly at any time. Net errors and omissions mainly balance the balance of payments balance of debits and credits. 2.

What are the ways to reconcile the balance of payments?

Answer: Take financial measures. Adjust the exchange rate to reconcile imports and exports.

Adjust interest rates to affect capital inflows and outflows. Take advantage of ** credit and loans from international financial institutions. Foreign exchange management is practiced, and direct administrative intervention is exercised in foreign exchange receipts and expenditures and exchange rates.

Strengthen international economic cooperation and seek loan support from the International Monetary Organization and other countries to cope with short-term balance-of-payments imbalances. 3.This paper briefly describes the regulating effect of foreign exchange receipts and expenditures on the aggregate supply and demand of the market.

Answer: As a channel for internal and external communication, foreign exchange receipts and expenditures have a special regulating effect on aggregate supply and demand.

Regulate the total amount of social product and national income and the contradiction between their distribution and use. Promote technological development and industrial restructuring. Transform resources. Increase national income and increase financial resources.