What are the ancient books or bibliography about surnames

Tongzhi Clan Luo" was written by Zheng Qiao, a famous historian of the Southern Song Dynasty, and was written in the 31st year of Shaoxing (1161) of Gaozong of the Song Dynasty. "General Chronicles" is a general history of the chronicles, a total of 200 volumes, of which "Clan Strategy" is a monograph on the identification and discussion of surnames, including a total of 2,255 surnames. The book refers to the "Yuanhe Surname Compilation", which divides surnames into 32 categories according to their origins, embellished with a general commentary, with four tones, and lists 13 examples of surname confusion.

In particular, there are 13 general papers, which make a systematic academic ** on surnames, and have a more detailed discussion of the origin of Chinese surnames, clan division and lineage, and have high academic value in the study of Chinese surnames. In the widely circulated book "Hundred Family Names", the 504 surnames collected, and the classification of the origin of their surnames can be classified into the 32 categories listed in the "Clan Strategy". The book's status and influence in the study of surnames can be seen here.

When Zheng compiled the "Tongzhi", a huge work of more than 5 million words, his method is worth paying attention to, he first started with various specialized studies, and through the examination and revision of historical materials and the investigation of practice, all historical materials were collected"Will pass"Get up, so-called"Will pass"It refers to the comprehensive collation of various historical materials, that is, to summarize all kinds of historical materials as comprehensively as possible, sort them out and arrange them in chronological order, explore their origins, and sort out the development process of various things from ancient times to the present. In the end, Zheng classified his research results into chronicles, biographies, genealogies, omitted, and chronicles, and compiled the original "Tongzhi". Zheng's realistic attitude towards scholarship is one of his most important contributions to the history of historiography, and this kind of thinking contains elements of dialectics.

He dared to criticize certain traditional ideas, such as opposition to subjectivity and superstition, which contained elements of materialism.

In addition, Zheng Qiao is also the author of "Clan Chronicles", "Clan Origins" and "Clan Rhyme" and other related surname monographs, and is a well-known scholar in the study of surnames in China.

At present, the study of surnames mainly relies on the genealogy of the surname, and the knowledge of surnames involved in the genealogy, including the source, the county wangtang number, the ancestor, the migration, etc., is relatively rich and detailed. However, in terms of genealogy or pure interest, it is inevitable that more information will be needed to complete and corroborate. So what are the ancient books that contain the cultural content of surnames?

Take a look at the list that Xiaopu has made for you, and collect it quickly. When it comes to surnames, the first thing that comes to mind is "Hundred Family Names", but as an ancient enlightenment book, its content is relatively simple, only containing surnames, and there is no other derivative content. If you want to study the culture of surnames, you have to look at a few ancient books.

"Hundred Family Names" came out in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, taking the Song Dynasty as an example, let's talk about what books about surnames are available in this dynasty. By the Song Dynasty, there were more and more literati studying surnames, and the number of related works was also larger, and the content involved in filial piety and auspiciousness was also richer. There are special surname monographs, such as Shao Si's "Surname Solution" in the Northern Song Dynasty, which uses the text partial classification method, divided into 170 categories, and includes 2568 surnames; "History of the Song Dynasty, Art and Literature" History Department of the Department of Genealogy Records "Thousand Surnames" a volume, named after the collection of thousands of surnames, the end of the volume "Jiayou eight years."

There are comprehensive historical materials that include surnames, such as the "Clan Strategy" in the "Tongzhi" compiled by Zheng Qiao in the Southern Song Dynasty comprehensive historical materials of previous dynasties, which includes a total of 2,368 surnames of the Han nationality and ethnic minorities, creating the largest number of surnames included in the surname book; It also systematically discusses the development and evolution of surnames, summarizes the gains and losses of surname books in the past dynasties, and classifies surnames in more detail. Many books related to surnames in the Song Dynasty are based on the origin of surnames, supplemented by county hopes and simple celebrity deeds, mainly including the four volumes of "The Hundred Genealogies of the Imperial Dynasty" written by Ding Weigao; Yongbang first wrote six volumes of "Compilation of Rhymes and Rhymes of Group History"; Zhang Ding's "Words and Deeds of the Famous and Sage Clan" 60 volumes; the Northern Song Dynasty Geography General Chronicle "Taiping Huanyu Ji" compiled by Le Shi; The rhyme book "Guangyun" rebuilt by Chen Pengnian, Qiu Yong and others and so on. The Song Dynasty was a dynasty in which the compilation of surname books rose, in addition to the Song Dynasty, many other dynasties also developed surname books, and there were 7 surname books in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, 8 in the Tang Dynasty, and 9 in the Ming Dynasty.

The Qing Dynasty ushered in a boom in compiling genealogies, so the number of surname books was also relatively large, comparable to that of the Song Dynasty, with 13 books. Under the skillful image of the ancient patriarchal system, as well as the hereditary system of the throne and the talent recommendation system of the nine products, the ancient society paid unprecedented attention to the family, and the family lineage, genealogy and other types of ancient books that are closely related to this came into being and received great attention. In this social environment, various dynasties have compiled a lot of information related to surnames, and it is now a valuable material for us to study ancient surnames.

Modern Japanese surnames generally consist of 1 to 3 characters, with a few having more than 4 characters. In ancient Japan, there were only first names and no surnames. With the exception of a very small number of nobles and samurai who had a surname, the vast majority of people (more than 95%) were not eligible to have a surname.

After the Meiji Restoration, in order to meet the needs of conscription, taxation, and household registration, the "Civilian Miao Character Permit" was issued in 1870, allowing all Japanese people, including those who were previously forbidden to have surnames, to have surnames. In 1875, the People's Miao Character Must Be Named Decree was promulgated, stipulating that all Japanese must use a surname without delay or refusal.

<> 1898, the family registration law was promulgated, and the surname of each family was finally fixed and could not be changed arbitrarily. Today, of all the books about surnames, "Hundred Family Names" is undoubtedly the most famous. In addition, 130 surnames appear in the Western Han Dynasty Shiyou's compilation of the book "Urgent Chapter".

The Tang Dynasty's Chronicles of the Tang Dynasty and Yuanhe Suwen include 293 and 1,233 surnames, respectively. Zheng Qiao's related works in the Song Dynasty, such as "Tongzhi", "History of the Clan", and "The Origin of the Clan", are also very important works in the study of Chinese surnames. "Tongzhi"、"Clan History"Includes 2,255 surnames.

However, the earliest systematic collation of Chinese surnames in ancient books should be the chronicles compiled in the pre-Qin period. The Commercial Press's Dictionary of Japanese Names, published in 1981, contains nearly 70,000 surnames. In the 80s of the 20th century, this figure in Japan was about 140,000, that is, about 1,000 people used a surname on average.

This amount is very rare in the world. However, it is not easy. Houhou Sanjuan is an indispensable reference book for Japanese language learners, enthusiasts, translation researchers, and scholars of surname culture.

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Books that specialize in collecting strange surnames include "Hundred Family Names", "Tongzhi", "Clan History", "Strange Surname Research", and "Chinese Surnames".

I know that such books are: "Hundred Family Names", "Strange Surname Research", "Chinese Surnames", "Origin of Surnames", "Rare Surnames, Have You Seen It?" etc.

First, the famous book "Hundred Family Names". Second, "Urgency". Three, "Shiben". Fourth, "Chibei Occasional Talk". 5. "Happy Dictionary".

I know what books are available. There are hundreds of family names. Urgent, Tang clan chronicles. Tongzhi, clan slightly. Yuan and Su asked.

Executive summary.

This book is the first of 100 surnames in China and their cultural meanings, and it is divided into two volumes: the analysis of Chinese surname culture and the 100 surnames of contemporary China.

Hundred family names, sorry, only know this.

Preface. Examples 1-40 rhymes.

Volume I. On the flat sound.

I. East (I) Vol. II.

One east (below) and two winters.

Volume III. Three bells.

Four rivers. Five.

Hexalipide. Volume IV.

Seven. Eight micro.

Nine fish. Ten Yu.

Eleven molds. Twelve.

Volume V. Thirteen best.

Fourteen all. Fifteen Greys.

Volume VI. Sixteen.

Seventeen true. Eighteen Confessions.

Nineteen Zhen. Twenty wen.

Volume VII. Twenty-one Xin.

Twenty-two dollars. Twenty-three souls.

Twenty-four marks. Volume VIII. Twenty-five cold.

Volume IX. Volume 10.

Volume XI. Volume XII.

Volume XIII. Volume XIV.

Volume XV. Volume XVI.

Volume XVII. Volume XVIII.

Volume XIX. Volume twenty key carrying.

Volume 2, Hui Fu 11.

Volume XXII. Volume XXIII.

Volume XXIV. Volume XXV.

Volume XXVI. Volume XXVII.

Volume XXVIII. Volume XXIX.

Volume XXX. Volume XXXI.

Volume XXXII. Volume XXXIII.

Volume XXXIV. Volume XXXV.

Volume XXXVI. Volume XXXVII.

Volume XXXVIII. Volume XXXIX.

Volume Forty. Volumes 1-40 text.

Appendix. Appendix 1: Volume 1 of the Dialectic of Ancient and Modern Surname Books in the Remnant Song Dynasty.

Deng Mingshi's preface I.

Deng Mingshi's Preface II.

Deng Mingshi Bixiao Preface III.