How do you evaluate Zhu Xi? A little more praise, or a little more depreciation?

A third sage after Confucius and Mencius, do you say that there are many praises or disparages, Zhu Xi's greatness can only be understood and pursued by people who truly understand Chinese culture and traditional Chinese culture. At present, those bullshit professors and scholars in China take out of context and do not want to forge ahead, and show themselves by criticizing saints, this is the sadness of Chinese academics. What is the real preservation of heavenly principles and the destruction of human desires.

The real source is not the source of water, but your own heart, to feel everything with your heart, not to be impetuous.

…Of course, it depends on what you think, and what others say is useful.

Hearsay evaluation.

He wants others to save their heavenly principles and destroy people's desires, and go to the green and building to raise children and concubines by himself.

Transferring flowers and trees, and getting Zhang Zai into science, people's original qi science was suppressed.

It provides a theoretical basis for the Ming Dynasty's eight-share scholars.

It's a mix of both, and it depends on whether you want to praise or criticize, and if it's praise, it's that it has opened up a new science, it's promoted the progress of society, and if it's criticism, it's that it's changed the traditional way of thinking about it.

I'm reading a book, also talking about history, and there's a point of view that I agree with! It is said that there must be a historical point of view in the study of history, and for the praise and disapproval of historical facts, we must pay attention to the people's perception of this matter at that time, not that modern people think it is not good, after all, there is a gap between modern times and the past! We don't want future generations to say we're rotten, do we?

Zhu Xi, or Zhu Zi, was a thoughtful, eloquent, erudite, and prolific philosopher. There are one hundred and forty volumes of his quotations alone. It was only in Zhu Xi that the philosophical system of the Cheng-Zhu school or science reached its peak.

Although the rule of this school was criticized in several periods, especially by the Luwang school and some scholars of the Qing Dynasty, it was still the most influential and unique philosophical system, and it remained so until the transmission of Western philosophy in recent decades.

The ** of the Chinese Imperial Dynasty ensured the rule of the official ideology through the examination system. Those who take the state examination must write articles according to the official chapters and commentaries of the Confucian classics. As I said in Chapter 23, Tang Taizong had a major action, which was to establish the official version of the scriptures and "justice".

During the Song dynasty, the great statesman and reformer Wang Anshi (1021-1086) wrote several classic "Xinyi", which was issued by Song Shenzong in 1075 as an official interpretation. Soon, Wang Anshi's political enemies took control of **, and this order was nullified.

Neo-Confucianism considers the Analects, Mencius, the University, and the Mean to be the most important textbooks, and they are compiled together to form the "Four Books." Zhu Xi annotated the Four Books, which he considered to be his most important work. It is said that even the day before his death.

He is still revising his note. He also wrote "Zhou Yi Benyi" and "Poetry Collection". In 1313, Emperor Yuanrenzong issued an order to make the "Four Books" the main subject of the state examination, with Zhu Zhu as the official interpretation.

Zhu Xi's interpretation of other classics is also recognized by **, and anyone who wishes to win the first place must follow Zhu Zhu's commentary to interpret these classics. The Ming and Qing dynasties continued to adopt this practice until 1905, when the imperial examination was abolished and the school was rebuilt.

One of the main reasons why Confucianism gained dominance during the Han Dynasty was its success in combining profound thought with profound knowledge. Zhu Xi is an outstanding representative of these two aspects of Confucianism. His profound knowledge made him a renowned scholar; His profound thinking made him a first-rate philosopher.

It is no accident that he dominated Chinese intellectual circles for hundreds of years.

Zhu Xi is the master of Song Dynasty studies, he inherited the science of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty, and completed the system of objective idealism. He believes that reason is the essence of the world, "reason comes first, qi comes last", and proposes to "preserve the principles of heaven and destroy human desires". Zhu Xi was very knowledgeable, and studied classics, history, literature, music and rhythm, and even natural science.

The language of his words is correct, the style is handsome, and there is no disease of strong color or allusions. The language of many works can be seen to have been carefully scrutinized and more exquisite. However, the artistic conception of the words is slightly more rational and less sensual, because it pays attention to the philosophical ideas of science.

Under the social situation at that time (the country was poor and weak, and the imperial court could not give the people a sense of belonging), Zhu Xi used what he had learned to create the ideas of Li Lixue. This was of practical significance to the society at that time, and it was conducive to enhancing national cohesion, which was beneficial to the rulers of the time, so his science was quickly developed. Until the Ming and Qing dynasties, his science was still used by the rulers, and it can only be said that he was useful to the country in troubled times, but he bore unshirkable responsibility for the decline of late ancient China.

His science greatly erased people's imagination and sense of innovation, so that China's culture and thought in the later period did not break through the development, until Wang Yangming's mind learned to fill the gap in Ming's thought. Therefore, Zhu Xi is a person with mixed reputations, he keeps the Song from falling apart, but he also restricts the minds of future readers.

Zhu Xi inherited Zhou Dunyi and Ercheng, and also adopted the ideas of Buddhism and Taoism, forming a huge philosophical system. The core category of this system is "Li", or "Dao", "Tai Chi". Zhu Xi's so-called principle has several interrelated meanings:

1.Reason is the metaphysical that precedes natural and social phenomena. He believes that reason is more fundamental than qi, and logically reason precedes qi; At the same time, the qi has the ability to change, and it is impossible to leave the qi. He believes that everything has its own reason, and the reason of all things is ultimately one, which is "Tai Chi";

2.Reason is the law of things; There is a lack of sedans.

3.Reason is the basic principle of ethics and morality. Zhu Xi is also known as Tai Chi, and the closed debate is the totality of the principle of all things in heaven and earth, that is, the principle of the total ten thousand principles.

Tai Chi is just a rational word". Tai Chi includes the principle of all things, and all things can be reflected in the whole Tai Chi separately. This means that everyone has a Taiji, and everything has a Taiji.

Xu Wei accused Zhu Xi in "Commenting on Zhu Zi's Essay on Dongpo" that "he just wants people to say that he is a saint and has no flaws, so everyone who does Shouqiao is someone else, everyone does not like him, everything in the world does not match his heart, and there is no fault compared to asking for ......."”

Quan Zuwang said: "To the vast, as subtle as possible, comprehensive for hundreds of generations." The study of Jiangxi and the study of Yongjia in eastern Zhejiang are not unshored, and they cannot be denied in the end. “

The May Fourth New Culture Movement fiercely criticized Cheng Zhu Lixue as a representative of feudalism and an ideological obstacle to China's progress.

Qian Mu respected Zhu Zi and was consistent, and in his later years he wrote a million-word "Zhu Zi Xinxue Case", which opened with a clear meaning: "In Chinese history, there was Confucius in ancient times and Zhu Zi in ancient times, both of whom made a great impact on the history of Chinese academic thought and Chinese culture. Looking at the whole history, I am afraid that there is no third person who can compare.

Mr. Hu Daojing said, "Zhu Xi is a natural scientist with considerable achievements in history. ”

Joseph Needham was also quite positive about Zhu Xi's work and achievements in the natural sciences. He said: "Zhou Zhu Xi is a person who deeply observes various natural phenomena.

He also spoke highly of Zhu Xi's comparison of snowflakes with Taiyin Xuanjing Stone when explaining why snowflakes are hexagonal, saying that it "foreshadowed the development of cloud seeding technology later". Joseph Needham also believed that "Zhu Xi was the first person to identify fossils", more than 400 years before the West.

He was a well-known writer and an educator. But his views are in favor of the feudal rulers and not for us.

According to the dialectic of Marxism, the analysis of a person is divided into two. On the one hand, Zhu Xi is the master of Song Dynasty studies, erudite and talented, which is of great significance to the cultural development of the Song Dynasty; However, on the other hand, its greatly developed science stifled human nature and maintained the hierarchical system, but on the contrary, it imprisoned the people's minds, which was not conducive to the progress of the Chinese land thought, and delayed China's "Renaissance".