What are the profound influences of ancient Greece and ancient Romans in the humanities respectively

What are the characteristics of ancient Greece and Rome in the development of science and technology?

A: If the ancient Greeks made great contributions to natural philosophy, the ancient Romans made important achievements in practical technology.

Ancient Greece:

1) Aristotle: a representative of the early combination of natural philosophy and empirical knowledge, he founded the formal logic system centered on the syllogism, which has an important influence on the research of Archimedes, Euclid and others, and even modern times.

2) Archimedes: He is an outstanding representative of combining natural science with engineering technology, and combining mathematical research with mechanical research. He discovered the principle of levers, demonstrated the buoyancy theorem, laid the foundation for the generation and development of statics, and is known as the father of mechanics.

3) Euclid: The founder of the axiomatic system of natural science in ancient Greece, and established a complete geometric system. The mathematical method (i.e., the system of abstract logic based on definitions and axioms) created in his thirteen volumes of Geometry not only provided a blueprint for the study and teaching of geometry, but also had a great impact on the development of the natural sciences as a whole, and was a completely original contribution to the development of mathematics by the ancient Greeks.

4) Hippocrates: established the earliest medical school in the West, regarded disease as a process of obeying the laws of nature, emphasized the use of observation and experimental methods to study diseases, made a more correct description of many diseases, pointed out the appropriate methods, and became the beginning of modern clinical practice; He is known as the father of medicine by later generations.

Ancient Rome: 1) There are two most outstanding achievements in science in ancient Rome: astronomy is the establishment of Ptolemaic's geocentric theory, and medicine is the systematization of medical knowledge. These are the inheritance and development of ancient Greek scientific thought, known as the afterglow of ancient Greek science.

2) Ptolemy: Using a large number of data from his own observations and the results accumulated by his predecessors, he correctly explained the movement of the moon around the earth, and determined the distance between the moon and the earth quite correctly; The current one-average wheel model is developed to the peak, so that the geocentric system is consistent with the measured results. In the 13 volumes of his Encyclopedia of Astronomy, he established the most complete geocentric cosmological system, which ruled Europe for more than a thousand years, until Copernicus's heliocentric model was established.

3) Gai Theory: One of the masters of medicine since ancient Greece; He believed that the human body consisted of three different classes of organs, fluids, and reiki (i.e., theories about the small universe of the human body), and examined the role of the heart and spinal cord through human anatomy.

4) Outstanding achievements have been made in practical technology in the Roman era, especially in construction, water conservancy, highway construction and other aspects.

5) Pliny's Natural History (37 volumes) is a naturalist work, which contains both natural knowledge and a large amount of practical empirical knowledge.

(1) The greatest contribution of ancient Greece was the establishment of ancient democracies and the creation of a series of specific ways of democratic operation, such as citizens' assemblies, term of office systems, election systems, supervision systems, etc. It has had a significant impact on the establishment of the political system of modern Western capitalist countries.

2) The greatest achievement of ancient Rome was the formulation of a series of laws, such as the "Law of the Twelve Tables", "Justinian Civil Law Encyclopedia (Civil Law Encyclopedia)" and other principles and contents of Roman law, which formed the basis of the modern European civil law system and had a profound impact on the construction of the rule of law society in modern Europe and America.

The key to answering this question is to understand the place of Greek democracy and Roman law in the history of world civilization. It illustrates the influence of the ancient political system of the West on the modern capitalist system. It is known that the development of modern political systems in Europe has a close historical relationship with the establishment of ancient Greek and Roman political systems.

The inheritance and development of the two major civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome.

Hellenistic culture developed considerably in the 6th century BC and reached its peak in the 5th-4th centuries BC. Greek classical literature and art have made remarkable achievements in both realist representation and typical shaping. Beginning in the century B.C., theatre enjoyed an unprecedented boom in Athens.

In terms of architecture, the Greeks made good use of the colonnade and created the form of three stone columns, Doria, Ionian and Corinthian, which by the 5th century AD reached their most perfect expression in the architecture of the Acropolis. Before the 3rd-2nd century BC, Roman culture developed under the strong influence of the Idaralians and Greeks. After the 2nd century BC, Rome conquered all of the Mediterranean and embraced the influence of Greek culture more broadly, and many poets appeared in Rome who visited Greece to create Roman comedies and tragedies.

From the 1st century BC onwards, Rome demonstrated its power in various architectural forms. Temples, Great Halls, colonnades, arches, etc., line the Roman Forum. The art of engraving, which was linked to the development of architecture, also developed greatly in Rome, which was also greatly influenced by ancient Greek culture in this respect.