What are the disposal methods of municipal waste?

Due to the rapid development of modern industry and urbanization, the flooding of solid waste has become an environmental pollution problem. Once garbage is generated, the wind will blow fine particles into the air, causing pollution of the atmospheric environment.

There are three main types of municipal solid waste disposal: sanitary landfill, high-temperature composting and incineration.

1. Landfill treatment requires a large amount of land. At the same time, the harmful components in garbage will also cause serious pollution to the atmosphere, soil and water sources, which not only damages the ecological environment, but also seriously endangers human health.

2. Composting and composting treatment should sort and classify garbage, requiring a high organic content of garbage. Moreover, the composting process cannot be reduced, and it still needs to occupy a lot of land.

3. The essence of incineration is to oxidize organic waste into inert gaseous substances and inorganic non-combustible substances under the conditions of high temperature and sufficient oxygen supply to form stable solid residues. First, the waste is burned in an incinerator to release heat energy, and then the waste heat** can be used to generate heat or electricity. After the flue gas is purified, it is discharged, and a small amount of residual residue is discharged, landfilled or used for other purposes.

At present, the more common treatment methods of urban garbage are landfill, composting and incineration, and the way of dealing with urban garbage in different countries is different. Many people are in cities that have begun to implement garbage sorting policies, which can provide some help in the treatment of municipal waste. Because if we classify the garbage when it is discarded, the garbage can be quickly sorted and disposed of centrally.

Garbage can generally be divided into four categories, which are the ** garbage that can be reused, the wet garbage that is perishable and biomass, the hazardous waste that is harmful to health and the natural environment, and the dry garbage that is not among the above three categories.

This should be classified first, and then classified, so now a very critical step is classification, which is also advocated in recent years, classification, it is convenient to deal with, and the savings can be maximized.

(1) Compression. For some municipal garbage with low density and large volume, the volume can be reduced after pressurization and compression, which is convenient for transportation and landfill. Some waste can be compressed to become high-density inert materials and building materials.

2) Landfill. The basic conditions that can be provided by various places can be used to adopt different landfill methods to meet the requirements of operation and consumption. Landfill can not only deal with the mixed waste of the city, but also absorb the leftovers of other waste treatment processes and the waste that can no longer be used.

3) Waste incineration. The heat energy generated after waste incineration can be used to produce steam or electricity, and can also be used for heating or production needs. According to calculations, for every 5 tons of garbage, 1 ton of standard fuel can be saved.

However, waste incineration plants must be equipped with smoke and dust removal devices to reduce the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere.

4) Composting. Composting is a biochemical process that uses microorganisms to decompose waste, precipitate carbon dioxide, water and heat, and generate humus at the same time.

Legal analysis: The municipal waste disposal method is an engineering and technical method for the management and treatment of urban residents' domestic waste. There are three processes involved:

collection and conveying; Pretreatment; Final Processing. Pretreatment refers to compression, crushing, and sorting processes for shipment or to accommodate certain final disposal requirements. The unusable part of the waste must be finally disposed of, which is the focus of comprehensive treatment and development applications.

The specific method is landfill. There are three methods: sanitary landfill, compressed landfill, and crushing landfill.

Incinerate. It has the effect of reduction, harmlessness, and can be used for thermal energy. In recent years, on this basis, high temperature and medium temperature decomposition methods have been developed.

The high-temperature method (1650 1800) is the most effective way to reduce the volume of waste. Biotransformation. Usually the composting method is used to convert organic matter into fertilizer, which is economical, simple and practical, and is an important method of garbage disposal.

However, some organic components in the garbage that are difficult to degrade or cannot be degraded limit the application of this method. If there is sludge discharged from the sewage treatment plant in the garbage, it can be used as farmland fertilizer, and it can be pretreated with radiation and electron beam irradiation (the radiation source is sealed, not exceeding the safe dose), which is a harmless treatment method with simple equipment, convenient operation and strong sterilization effect. Combining waste incineration with energy development and utilization is an important direction for the development of waste.

Legal basis: Urban and Rural Planning Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 3: Cities and towns shall formulate urban and town plans in accordance with this Law. Construction activities within the urban and town planning areas shall comply with the planning requirements. Local people at or above the county level shall determine the areas where township and village plans should be formulated in accordance with the level of local rural economic and social development and in accordance with the principles of adapting measures to local conditions and being practicable.

Townships and villages within the designated area shall formulate plans in accordance with this Law, and the construction of townships and villages within the planning area shall comply with the planning requirements. The people of the county level or above encourage and guide the townships and villages in areas other than those provided for in the preceding paragraph to formulate and implement township plans and village plans.

Article 4 The formulation and implementation of urban and rural planning shall follow the principles of urban and rural overall planning, rational distribution, land conservation, intensive development and planning before construction, improve the ecological environment, promote the conservation and comprehensive utilization of resources and energy, protect cultivated land and other natural resources and historical and cultural heritage, maintain local characteristics, ethnic characteristics and traditional features, prevent pollution and other public hazards, and meet the needs of regional population development, national defense construction, disaster prevention and mitigation, public health and public safety. Construction activities carried out in the planning area shall comply with the provisions of laws and regulations on land management, natural resources and environmental protection. Local people at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the actual conditions of local economic and social development, reasonably determine the scale, steps and construction standards of the development of cities and towns in the overall urban and town plans.