How is municipal waste disposed of? How to deal with municipal garbage

Hello! In recent years, with the continuous development of major cities, the amount of domestic waste generated by urban residents has also increased, and by 2000, the total annual garbage removal and transportation in the country has exceeded 100 million tons, and increased by 8. Over the years, the total amount of garbage piled up in disorder in the country has reached 6 billion tons, occupying 500 million square meters of land, seriously polluting the atmosphere and groundwater resources, and causing gas accidents.

In order to solve the above serious problems, many solutions have been proposed in garbage treatment at home and abroad, such as landfill after garbage sorting, fertilizer production, biogas power generation, pyrolysis oil production, biochemical treatment, etc. Among them, incineration, sanitary landfill, and high-temperature composting that have been implemented have certain shortcomings. For example, sanitary landfill, relative to incineration treatment, investment and operating costs are low, but the landfill occupies a considerable area, and a large number of organic matter and battery and other substances are landfilled, so that the sanitary landfill leachate anti-seepage, collection and treatment system load and technical difficulty, high investment, landfill operation is complex, management is difficult, and it is difficult to discharge sewage after treatment.

In addition, waste gases such as methane and hydrogen sulfide from landfills must also be treated to ensure explosion-proof and environmental protection requirements. The use of incineration treatment, although it has the advantages of large treatment capacity, good capacity reduction, harmless and thorough, less land occupation, and heat energy, etc., but the investment is large, the operating cost is high, and the useful resources in the garbage are burned, and the operation of existing domestic incineration plants is relatively difficult. As for high-temperature composting, it is only the treatment technology of the organic components in the garbage, not the final treatment technology of all the garbage, and the rest of the waste pyrolysis to gas or power generation technology is difficult to achieve industrialization due to the immaturity of some key technologies and equipment or too large investment.

Due to the rapid development of modern industry and urbanization, the flooding of solid waste has become an environmental pollution problem. Once garbage is generated, the wind will blow fine particles into the air, causing pollution of the atmospheric environment.

There are generally landfills in the suburbs, which are generally piled up in the open air, and some are landfills, polluting the environment!

Hygienic landfill method: the garbage is compacted and filled in a certain space, and the purpose of storing garbage is gradually achieved by covering it. Composting Treatment:

Under the action of microorganisms, the organic matter in the waste undergoes a series of biochemical reactions to gradually form a substance similar to humus soil, which can be used as fertilizer or improved soil. Incineration treatment: The main characteristics of this treatment method are good capacity reduction, relatively high degree of resource utilization and relatively large treatment capacity.

1. Sanitary landfill method: the garbage is compacted and filled in a certain space, and the purpose of storing garbage is gradually achieved by covering it.

2. Composting treatment: Under the action of microorganisms, the organic matter in the waste gradually forms a substance similar to humus soil after a series of biochemical reactions, which can be used as fertilizer or improved soil.

3. Incineration treatment: The main characteristics of this treatment method are good capacity reduction, relatively high degree of resource utilization and relatively large treatment capacity.

The treatment of urban garbage has landfill, composting and incineration, and China's urban garbage is mainly based on sanitary landfill and high-temperature composting, and our implementation of the policy of garbage classification can also provide certain help to the treatment of urban garbage to a certain extent.

Now the more common urban garbage treatment methods are landfill, composting and incineration, different countries deal with urban garbage have certain differences, China in the treatment of urban garbage is based on sanitary landfill and high-temperature composting.

Nowadays, many people in their cities have begun to implement garbage classification policies, which can provide some help for the treatment of municipal waste. Because if we classify the garbage when it is discarded, the garbage can be quickly sorted and disposed of centrally.

Now garbage can generally be divided into four categories, they are the first garbage that can be reused, the wet garbage that is perishable and is biomass, the hazardous garbage that is harmful to health and the natural environment, and the dry garbage that is not among the above three categories.

The municipal waste disposal methods are described as follows:

1) Compression. For some municipal garbage with low density and large volume, the volume can be reduced after pressurization and compression, which is convenient for transportation and landfill. Some waste can be compressed to become high-density inert materials and building materials.

2) Landfill. The basic conditions that can be provided by various places can be used to adopt different landfill methods to meet the requirements of operation and consumption. Landfill can not only deal with the mixed waste of the city, but also absorb the leftovers of other waste treatment processes and the waste that can no longer be used.

3) Waste incineration. The heat energy generated after waste incineration can be used to produce steam or electricity, and can also be used for heating or production needs. According to calculations, for every 5 tons of garbage, 1 ton of standard fuel can be saved.

However, waste incineration plants must be equipped with smoke and dust removal devices to reduce the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere.

4) Composting. Composting is a biochemical process that uses microorganisms to decompose waste, precipitate carbon dioxide, water and heat, and generate humus at the same time.

Introduction to Municipal Waste:

Municipal waste is a mixture of solid waste in the city, including industrial waste, construction waste and domestic waste. The quantity, nature and degree of environmental pollution of industrial waste residue vary greatly and should be managed in a unified manner.

Depending on the situation, each plant will be placed in a designated area after meeting the emission standards directly or after treatment. Construction waste is generally non-polluting solids and can be disposed of by landfill. Domestic garbage is a solid waste residue produced by people in their lives, with a wide range of types, including organic and inorganic substances, which should be classified, collected, cleaned and disposed of.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Municipal Waste.

There are several common garbage disposal methods in China, mainly divided into landfill method, incineration method and composting method, the most environmentally friendly method is the first utilization method, so as to avoid waste, and can also avoid polluting the environment.

In some developing countries, the most common method of waste disposal is the landfill method, although this method is very simple, but it is easy to cause pollution to the environment, for example, some plastics are buried in the soil, which cannot be degraded for decades, which has a great impact on the environment. There is also the incineration method, which is also very polluting to the environment, and there are many pollutants released in the incineration process, and it also has adverse effects on the human body.

Therefore, now China has accelerated the reform of garbage disposal methods, advocating the classification of garbage will be able to be the first and not the most hazardous garbage and other garbage for classification and treatment, which has greatly improved the environmental quality and resource utilization.

Composting is also a good way to dispose of waste, as it reuses waste, has a lower environmental impact, and provides nutrients for crops.