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A pacemaker that weighs only 2 grams.
At this year's CIIE, Medtronic launched the "world's smallest pacemaker" - MICRA transcatheter implantable leadless pacing system.
The MICRA is only the size of a capsule, 93% smaller than a traditional pacemaker, weighs only 2 grams, and can last for more than ten years. It can be implanted into the heart in a minimally invasive way.
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Discharge cooling is another type of convection cooling. Unlike regenerative cooling, the coolant used for exhaust cooling absorbs heat to the thrust chamber and is discharged out of the combustion chamber instead of entering the combustion chamber to participate in combustion. Direct drain coolant reduces the thrust chamber specific impulse, so the coolant flow for drain cooling needs to be minimized while only using drain cooling at the outlet section of the nozzle that is relatively less heated.
There is also radiative cooling, in which the heat flow is transferred from the combustion products to the thrust chamber, and then the heat is radiated by the thrust chamber wall to the surrounding space. Radiative cooling is characterized by simplicity and small structural mass. It is mainly used in the extension section of large nozzles and the thrust chamber of small thrust engines using high-temperature resistant materials.
When cooling in the thrust chamber of the tissue, a relatively low temperature liquid or gas protective layer is established on the surface of the thrust chamber wall to reduce the heat flow to the thrust chamber wall, reduce the wall temperature, and achieve cooling. Internal cooling is mainly divided into three methods: internal cooling (shield cooling), membrane cooling and diaphoretic cooling of head tissues. After the internal cooling measures are adopted in the thrust chamber, the mixing ratio near the wall of the combustion chamber is different from the optimal mixing ratio in the central area (in most cases, the near-wall layer rich in fuel is used) due to the need to reduce the temperature of the protective layer, resulting in the uneven distribution of the mixing ratio along the cross-section of the combustion chamber, so that the combustion efficiency is reduced to a certain extent.
Membrane cooling is similar to shield cooling in that it cools the thrust chamber wall by establishing a uniform and stable coolant film or air film protective layer near the inner wall surface, except that the coolant used to establish the protective layer is not injected by the injector, but is supplied through a special cooling belt. The cooling band is generally arranged in a cross-section of the combustion chamber or the convergence section of the nozzle. There can be several cooling bands along the length of the combustion chamber.
In order to improve the stability of the membrane, the coolant often flows through the gaps or small holes in the cooling belts, and when sweating is used, the thrust chamber wall or part of the inner wall is made of porous material with a pore diameter of tens of microns. Porous materials are usually sintered with metal powders or pressed with metal mesh. In this case, the number of pores per unit area is increased by making the micropores in the material as evenly distributed as possible.
The liquid coolant penetrates into the inner wall, creating a protective film that reduces the density of the heat transferred to the wall. When the flow rate of liquid coolant used for sweat cooling is above a certain threshold, a liquid film is formed near the wall of the thrust chamber. When the coolant flow rate is below the critical flow, the inner wall temperature will be higher than the coolant boiling point at the current pressure, and some or all of the coolant will evaporate, forming an air film.
In addition to the above thermal protection, there are other thermal protection methods such as: ablation cooling, thermal insulation cooling, hot melt cooling and composite protection of chamber walls. 3. Thermal protection scheme of high enthalpy gas generator Based on the above methods and the actual situation, the thermal protection method of high enthalpy gas generator is obtained.
The combustion chamber of a high-enthalpy gas generator differs from that of a liquid rocket engine, eliminating the front thrust chamber part, making its structure simpler and more effective. Then, the thermal protection involved is the thermal protection part of the combustion chamber wall. As the fuel enters the combustion chamber, it quickly decomposes and releases large quantities.
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Smartphones, smart watches, smart TVs, smart refrigerators, smart air conditioners, etc. Smartphones: also known as smartphones, smart phones.
It is a collective designation for those mobile phones that have more computing power and functions than traditional feature phones. Smart watch: It is a built-in intelligent system of the watch, equipped with a smart phone system and connected to the network to achieve multi-function, which can synchronize the **, SMS, email, **, **, etc. in the mobile phone.
Smartphones, smart watches, smart TVs, smart refrigerators, smart air conditioners, etc.
Smartphones: also known as smartphones, smart phones. It is a collective designation for those mobile phones that have more computing power and functions than traditional feature phones.
Smart watch: It is a built-in intelligent system of the watch, equipped with a smart phone system and connected to the network to achieve multi-function, which can synchronize the **, SMS, email, **, **, etc. in the mobile phone.
Smart TV:It is a new TV product with a fully open platform,Equipped with an operating system,Users can install and uninstall various application software by themselves while enjoying ordinary TV content,Continue to expand and upgrade the function。
Smart refrigerator: It can automatically change the refrigerator mode to keep the food in the best storage state at all times, allowing users to know the quantity, freshness and quality information of the food in the refrigerator anytime and anywhere through mobile phones or computers, providing users with healthy recipes and nutritional taboos, and reminding users to replenish food regularly.
Smart Air Conditioner: An air conditioner with an auto-adjusting function. According to the external climate conditions, the intelligent air conditioning system can analyze and judge the signals transmitted by the temperature, humidity and air cleanliness sensors installed in the car according to the preset indicators, and automatically turn on the functions of refrigeration, heating, dehumidification and air purification in time.
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Smart locks, smart clothes dryers, smart phones, sweeping robots, smart sockets, smart kettles, smart speakers, smart lights, integrated smart remote controls, smart bathroom mirrors, smart curtains, smart cars, smart watches, smart TVs, smart Bluetooth headsets, smart blood pressure monitors, blood glucose meters, etc.
Smart products are available in all walks of life, but the degree of intelligence is uneven. This is related to people's understanding of intelligence and the level of intelligent development.
Intelligence is a process in which science and technology are constantly and perfectly combined with advanced information technology and industry and architecture in the process of development, and in this process, constantly updated information technology plays a decisive role. That is, intelligence is a process, and there is no theoretical basis for determining what stage it has reached now. At present, the quality of intelligent products is mixed, and many products stay in a hype concept, and the technical content is quite low.
With the passage of time, the development of science and technology, the continuous progress of intelligent management and information transmission, the existing problems and uncertainties in all walks of life called intelligent products will be solved. And this process is long, with no definite technical apparatus and no definite final timetable. (This is the initial simple definition of "intelligent" given by Mr. Shi Ximing ten years ago).
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