How to measure the angle with a theodolite, how to measure the angle with a theodolite?

Set up the instrument at one point of the two points A and B of the known coordinates (take the instrument erection at point A as an example), align it to another known point (point B) after completing the basic operation of placing the alignment, then configure a reading 1 and record it according to your own needs, and then read the reading 2 again according to point C (unknown point). The difference between reading 2 and reading 1 is the angle value of the angle bac, and then the distance between ac and bc can be accurately measured, and the exact coordinates of point c can be calculated mathematically.

Theodolite is a kind of geodetic instrument, including optical theodolite and electronic theodolite, which is the main instrument for measuring azimuth angles, which can measure horizontal angles and vertical angles.

Optics is now basically eliminated, because the reading is complex, and the error is large, now the electronic theodolite is commonly used, as long as you set up the machine, set a reference point, the reading is set to zero, and then rotate to another measurement point, the instrument will automatically display the angle between the two points.

Look at the known edge at the back and look at the edge to be measured at the front to measure the angle between the two sides.

1. Know the instrument: be familiar with the name and location of each part of the instrument, and understand its function and use.

2. Placement instruments:

1) On the measuring station, first open the tripod so that its height is appropriate, the head of the frame is roughly horizontal, the visual estimation is centered, and the legs are firmly stepped on; Then unpack and take out the instrument and set it up on a tripod;

2) Rotate the light spiral of the pointer to make the image of the ground marker clear;

3) While observing the image in the pointer, rotate the foot spiral with the hand so that the image of the center of the sign of the station is in the center of the circle on the pointer;

a) After the previous operation, the circle level bubble is not centered, for this purpose the telescopic tripod leg makes the circle bubble centered. If the head of the tripod is generally level, it will have little effect on the centering of the round bubble in the process of centering the round bubble by the telescopic legs. Then use the foot spiral to accurately center the level pipe of the minister;

b) Check the alignment, if the offset is less than 3mm, the alignment and leveling meet the requirements. If the offset is greater than 3mm, you can loosen the center connection spiral slightly, hold the base plate on the head of the frame to translate the instrument, make it accurately aligned, and then check whether it is leveled. This process is carried out two to three times until the requirements are met.

Take a closer look.

The horizontal angle between the two directions is observed by the round-up method, and the direction observation method or the full combination angle measurement method is used for more than three directions.

First, the rounding method is to observe the two positions of the left and right sides of the disk. When observing with the left side of the disk, two readings are obtained by aiming at the left and right targets respectively, and the difference between the two numbers is the value of the upper half of the measurement angle. In order to eliminate part of the instrument error, the telescope was inverted and then observed on the right side of the disk to obtain the lower half of the roundback angle.

Take the average of the upper and lower half measurement angle values as the angle value of one measurement. According to the accuracy requirements, several rounds can be observed, and the average value of the measurement can be taken as the final observation angle value.

Second, the direction observation method is when there are more than 3 directions, in the upper and lower half rounds, in order to obtain the value of each direction, the upper and lower two half rounds, a round, this method is called the full circle round. According to the accuracy needs to measure a number of rounds, the average value of the observed values in each direction can be obtained, and the required angle value is obtained by subtracting the corresponding direction values.

The steps for measuring the horizontal angle are as follows:

1. First of all, after placing the theodolite at the apex of the observation angle, centering and leveling, and taking the left and right erected items as the lighting mark.

2. Then, first dial the left position, look at the left item, set the horizontal dial, slightly greater than 0°, and then record the reading to the recording board.

3. Next, we rotate the alignment in a clockwise direction to align with the item on the right. Readings are taken and recorded on the clipboard.

4. Then, after we have made the observation, we can calculate the angular value of the upper half of the rounded angle from the existing values and the formula we know. The first half of the survey was completed.

5. After that, we change from the left to the right of the disk, first look at the erection object on the right, read the reading of the horizontal dial, and touch the recorder on the recording board.

6. Then, we rotate the alignment part in a counterclockwise direction, and after aiming at the erection object on the left, we read the horizontal dial and record it on the recording board. The second half of the survey was completed.

7. Finally, at the end of the observation, the value of the observation angle in the second half can be calculated according to the recorded values and related formulas.

Note: The angular value difference of the upper half back cannot exceed 36"。Conditions for the use of the direction observation method: when the number of beats to be measured in the direction of a station does not exceed 3, the direction observation method is used to measure. The observation procedure of the directional observation method is simple, and the workload of station adjustment is small.

A theodolite is a tool used to measure horizontal and vertical angles, mainly for triangulation.

It is an important tool in surveying and engineering work, especially in hard-to-reach places. However, it is sometimes used in weather and rocket launches.

A theodolite has a telescope, the mechanical part of the telescope that allows the telescope to point in different directions. The theodolite has two perpendicular shafts to adjust the azimuth and horizontal height of the telescope. This type of platform has a simple structure and low cost, and is mainly used with terrestrial telescopes (geodesy, bird watching, etc.).

The role of each part of the theodolite.

1) Alignment part braking spiral: fix the alignment part, so that it can not move in the horizontal direction of the alignment part micro spiral: make the alignment part do a small rotation in the horizontal direction, so as to accurately align the target.

2) Telescope braking spiral: braking the telescope so that the telescope cannot rotate in the vertical direction.

3) Telescope micro-motion spiral: make the telescope rotate slightly in the vertical direction.

4) Vertical plate indicator horizontal tube micro spiral: adjust to make the vertical plate indicator in the correct position.

5) Shaft seat fixed spiral: fixed alignment part.

The placement method of the theodolite.

1) Adjust the tripod to equal length and fit the height of the operator, fix the instrument on the tripod, so that the base surface of the instrument is parallel to the top surface of the tripod.

2) Place the instrument dance on the measuring station, after the visual estimation is roughly centered, step on a stable foot, adjust the eyepiece of the optical centering device (see the cross wire clearly) and the objective lens (see the test station clearly), use each hand to lift a frame leg before and after, left and right Dan Gong Gong Measurement Jiayao Huang Wei Withering Super Coupling Swing, and look at the centering device to make the intersection of the cross wire coincide with the measuring station, stabilize and step on the solid frame foot.

3) Telescopic tripod leg length leveling round level.

4) Parallel the leveling tube to two leveling spirals and leveling the leveling pipe.

5) Rotate the horizontal part to 90 degrees, and level the horizontal tube with the third spiral.

6) Check the optical alignment, if there is a small amount of deviation, you can open the connecting spiral translation base to make it accurately aligned, tighten the connecting spiral, and then check the horizontal bubble centering.

1. The method of measuring latitude and longitude is as follows:

1) Count the two minutes first.

For example, in a certain place in China, the shortest time of the rod shadow is 13:20 at noon, and the ratio of the rod length to the shadow length is 1, then it can be seen that the place is 45° north latitude (tg = 1), and the ratio of the rod length to the shadow length at 100° east longitude (15° minus 1° in 1 hour and 1° in 4 minutes) needs to be found in the table, and a special angle is used here.

2) The algorithm for calculating the longitude of the two solstices does not change: the latitude is in the winter solstice + in the northern hemisphere, and the summer solstice can be corrected by adding or subtracting the correction value on any day.

3) Correction value algorithm: that is, the difference in the number of days from two minutes or two solstices multiplied by 94 365For example, on February 17, 2013, the difference between the vernal equinox on February 17, 2013 and March 22, 2013 is 33 days, that is, the direct point of the sun is in the southern latitude.

So the latitude obtained at noon today is (arctg+

tg = rod length shadow length.

2. Concept. 1) Longitude refers to the dihedral angle formed by the meridian surface and the prime meridian plane of a certain place. The longitude east of the prime meridian is called east longitude, and the longitude west of the prime meridian is called west longitude. The east longitude is represented by "e", and the west longitude is represented by "w".

Longitude is the degree in which a point on Earth is east or west of a north-south alignment line called the prime meridian.

2) Latitude refers to the line between a point and the center of the earth's sphere and the angle of the earth's equatorial plane, and its value is between 0 and 90 degrees. The latitude of a point north of the equator is called north latitude and is denoted as n; The latitude of a point located south of the equator is called south latitude and is denoted as s.

Longitude and latitude are used to indicate the location of an orange hole on the earth's surface. On the same meridian line, the longitude of all places is the same; On the same parallel, the latitude of all places is the same. Therefore, the meridian is the line of equal longitude; The parallels are the lines of equal latitude.

Using latitude and longitude to represent the location of a point on the ground is a scientific method called geographic coordinates. It indicates not only the location of each location, but also the direction and distance between the locations.

Summary. Hello friend, how to measure the angle with a theodolite? When measuring, the theodolite is placed on a tripod, the center of the instrument is aligned with the ground measuring station with a vertical ball or optical pointer, the instrument is leveled with a level, the telescope is aimed at the measurement target, and the horizontal and vertical angles are determined by the horizontal dial and the vertical dial.

How do <> measure angles with a theodolite?

Hello friend, how to measure the angle with a theodolite? During the measurement, the theodolite is placed on a tripod, the center of the instrument is aligned with the ground measuring station with a vertical ball or an optical pointer, the instrument is leveled with a level, the telescope is aimed at the measurement target, and the horizontal angle and vertical angle are determined by the horizontal excavation dial and the vertical dial. <>

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<> hello, the specific steps to use theodolite to measure angles are as follows:1Place the theodolite on a horizontal plane and adjust the instrument so that it is level.

2.Find the two points you want to bury and measure, and point the theodolite's telescope at the first point. 3.

Make it level by adjusting the level of the theodolite. 4.Align the telescope of the theodolite by adjusting it so that it is aimed at the second point.

5.Read the angle scale on the theodolite to get the angle between two points. <>

The use of theodolite requires a certain amount of skill and experience, so it takes a lot of practice to become proficient. <>

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