Can you tell us about the history of Min opera?

I don't know much about this, sorry.

The role branch of Fujian opera was relatively simple in the early days, and the Confucian Lin class and the Pingjiao class were composed of three characters: Sheng, Dan and Chou, and later absorbed the branches of the Hui class and Peking Opera, and the roles gradually became complete.

With the refinement of the industry, it has gradually developed into "twelve roles", including Xiaosheng, Laosheng, Wusheng, Tsing Yi, Hua Dan, Lao Dan, Big Flower, Two Flowers, Three Flowers, Paste, End, Miscellaneous, etc., which are quite complete.

The line of life is divided into old students and small students; Dan line is divided into Hua Dan, Cai Dan, Zheng Dan, Tsing Yi, Chou Dan, Po Dan, Lao Dan, Wu Dan, net line is divided into big flowers, two flowers, ugly lines are divided into Wen Chou, Wu Chou, short clothes Chou, etc.

The flame of Fujian opera, also known as fire, is also a special form of expression of the stage art of Fujian opera, which is sprinkled with rosin powder, and through the flame of the head of the paper stacked fire fan sandwiched between the fingers, the flame is formed, adding atmosphere to the whereabouts of ghosts, fire, and fire battle scenes in the plot.

The earliest predecessor of Fujian opera was organized and founded by Cao Xuejiao, a native of Hongtang Township in the western suburbs of Fuzhou, and the Cao Family Class (later known as the "Confucian Lin Class") created and developed a new "comic tone".

In the year of Wanli Jiachen (1604), the "Cao Family Class" of Cao Mansion participated in the Pudu performance of Jinshan Temple in Hongtang Township, and was known as "the first generation of Confucianism." Before and after Cao Xuegan set up the "Confucian Class", there were also "Jianghu Class" and "Flat Lecture Class" among the people of Fuzhou. "Two types of classes.

The songs are popular among the folk tunes such as "Jianghu", "foreign songs", and "minor tunes".

In the first year of Guangxu (1875), the Confucian class developed from the countryside to the town, and the classes such as "Liang Fuyin" and "Zuichun Garden" appeared in Fuzhou, which were collectively called the "Thirteen Confucian Classes".

From the end of Guangxu to the Xuantong period (1908-1911), Confucian opera, Jianghu opera, and Pingjiao opera were combined, commonly known as "Sanhexiang", forming the prototype of today's Fujian opera.

After the Xinhai Revolution, Fujian opera entered a prosperous period, and Fuzhou successively appeared "Old Saile", "New Saile", "Three Saile", "Good Legend", "Saitian", "Qingleran" and other Fujian classes and "Saiyue Palace", "Qunfang" and other female classes. Among them, "Qingle Ran" is the most. These Minban classes are the largest, with the strongest cast, the most repertoire, and the best reputation.

Fujian opera, also known as Fuzhou opera, is the only existing opera that is sung and read in the Fuzhou dialect, which is popular in central Fujian, eastern Fujian, and northern Fujian, and has spread to Taiwan and Southeast Asia. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Yiyang dialect was introduced into Fujian, and gradually merged with the local dialect minor tune to form the Jianghu tune, and then there was a Jianghu class that sang the Jianghu tune and a flat class with the Jianghu tune and song as the main singing tone. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Pingjiao class and the chatter class that sang foreign voices such as Kun dialect and Hui opera and the Confucian Lin class who sang Confucian opera in Fuzhou converged, and finally formed Fujian opera.

After the Xinhai Revolution, Min opera entered a prosperous period, and many classes and societies emerged"Fujian drama Mei Lanfang"The known Zheng Yizhuo, Zeng Yuanfan, Xue Liangfan, Ma Di Fan, etc"Four famous men"。

Min opera, opera genre. It is also known as Fuzhou opera. It is prevalent in the counties of central Fujian, eastern Fujian and northern Fujian.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, in the area of Changle and Fuqing in central Fujian, there was a kind of folk drama sung by the amateur group of peasants in a small opera, because it was performed on the floor around the grass rope, people called it "the underground floor", "pulling the grass rope". This kind of performance activity was later combined with foreign opera troupe artists, and the "Jianghu tune" formed by the fusion of Jiangxi Yiyang dialect and local folk songs was used as the main singing tune, which was called "Jianghu class". At that time, the repertoire of performances included 36 major operas and 72 small operas, most of which came from Yi and Kun operas.

In the area of Fu'an and Ningde in northeastern Fujian, there was also a kind of "Pingjiao class" ("Pingjiao", which means singing in dialects) with "Jianghu" and Yang Song as the main singing tunes. Most of the repertoire performed is transplanted with "Jianghu opera", or based on folk tales, such as "Double Golden Flowers", "Gift of White Fan", "Red Skirt" and so on. Later, the "Jianghu Class", which was originally sung in "Zhengyin" (Mandarin), was also sung in Pinghua (dialect), which gradually merged with the "Pingjiao Class", and at the same time absorbed part of the singing voice of the "Nag Ban" (referring to the foreign opera troupes such as Kun dialect and Hui Opera that the locals thought were nagging and difficult to understand), forming a class society that mainly focused on "Pingshu" and integrated with "Jianghu" and "Nag".

There is also a kind of "Confucian opera" popular in Fuzhou, which originated in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and the "comic tone" created by combining foreign vocal cavities with popular songs and slang songs is the main singing tune. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, there were 13 "Confucian Classes", which were popular for a while, and most of the repertoire came from the literati, such as "Purple Jade Hairpin", "Sacrifice between the Mountains" and so on. After the Xinhai Revolution, the "Confucian Class" gradually merged with the "Flat Lecture Class" and the "Nagging Class" to form the "Min Class", which is now known as the Min Opera.

1, the characteristics of the wheel trembling Shen Min opera are high and agitated, simple and rough, but there is also a delicate and gentle singing voice. The singing tone of Fujian opera is composed of foreign songs, Jianghu tunes, comic tones and minor tunes. Both men and women use their own voices when singing.

Most of the music cards of Fujian opera are derived from the Yiyang dialect, Siping dialect, Hui tune and Kunqu opera, and many singing tones still retain the characteristics of the Yiyang dialect, that is, the help of "one singing and the crowd" and "clamping and rolling".

2. Fujian opera is also known as Fuzhou opera. It is prevalent in central Fujian, eastern Fujian cave bureau and northern Fujian counties. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, in the area of Changle and Fuqing in central Fujian, there was a kind of folk drama sung by the amateur group of peasants.

This kind of performance activity was later combined with foreign opera troupe artists, and the "Jianghu tune" formed by the fusion of Jiangxi Yiyang dialect and local folk songs was used as the main singing tune, which was called "Jianghu class".