The formation and hazards of acid rain, the causes and hazards of acid rain

Causes of the formation of acid rain:

1.It is formed by burning a large amount of coal with high sulfur content.

2. The exhaust emissions of various motor vehicles pollute the environment.

Hazards: If the acid rain acid is too high, when the pH value drops below, it will cause serious harm. It can directly cause large swaths of forests to die and crops to wither; It will also inhibit the decomposition of organic matter and nitrogen fixation in the soil, and leach away nutrients such as calcium, magnesium and potassium combined with soil ions, so as to impoverish the soil; It can also acidify lakes and rivers, and dissolve heavy metals in soil and water sediment into the water, poisoning fish; accelerate the process of corrosion and weathering of buildings and monuments; May be dangerous to human health.

In addition, because Freon has an average lifetime of hundreds of years in the atmosphere, most of the emissions remain in the atmosphere, most of which remain in the troposphere, with a small portion rising into the stratosphere. Freon, which is quite stable in the troposphere, will be decomposed under the action of strong ultraviolet rays under certain meteorological conditions after rising into the stratosphere, and the chlorine atoms released by decomposition will have a chain reaction with ozone to continuously destroy ozone molecules. Scientists estimate that a single chlorine atom can destroy tens of thousands of ozone molecules.

The formation of acid rain is a complex change in atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics. Acid rain contains a variety of inorganic acids and organic acids, mainly sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Acid rain is produced by a series of reactions in the atmosphere of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides produced during the smelting of coal, oil and metals.

The acid dissolves in the rain and descends to the ground to become acid rain.

Acid rain in China is mainly formed by burning a large amount of coal with high sulfur content, in addition, the exhaust gas emitted by various motor vehicles is also an important cause of acid rain.

Acid rain refers to rain, snow, or other forms of precipitation with a pH less than that. Its formation is due to the sulfur oxides or nitrogen oxides produced after the combustion of coal, oil and other fuels by human beings, and through complex chemical reactions in the atmosphere, sulfuric acid or nitric acid aerosols are formed, which are captured and absorbed by clouds, rain and fog, and descended to the ground called acid rain.

Acid rain can lead to reduced crop yields or even death, and can also accelerate the loss of minerals from the soil, leading to soil impoverishment. Acid rain can also reduce immunity in children, and acidic substances in the air can increase the incidence of asthma and bronchitis. In addition, acid rain can acidify the water quality of rivers and lakes, leading to the extinction of aquatic populations.

At the same time, acid rain accelerates the corrosion rate of buildings, metals, and other substances.

For the sake of human survival, we should reduce the emissions of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, use less coal and use more clean energy.

First, heavy metals such as mercury and lead enter the human body through the food chain, inducing cancer and Alzheimer's disease;

second, acid mist invades the lungs, induces pulmonary edema or leads to death;

Third, long-term living in an environment containing acid deposits induces the production of excessive lipid oxide, which leads to an increase in the probability of diseases such as arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction.

The cause of acid rain is a complex atmospheric chemical and atmospheric physical phenomenon. Acid rain contains a variety of inorganic acids and organic acids, most of which are sulfuric acid and nitrate bent acid. The sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion of coal in industrial production and civil life, the nitrogen oxides emitted from the combustion of petroleum and automobile exhaust are buried and prepared, and go through the "rain formation process in the clouds", that is, the water vapor condenses on the condensation nuclei such as sulfate and nitrate, and the liquid phase oxidation reaction occurs, forming sulfuric acid raindrops and nitric acid raindrops;

It also goes through the "cloud scouring process", that is, the acid-containing raindrops continue to merge and adsorb other acid-containing raindrops and acid-containing gases in the process of descending, forming larger raindrops, and finally landing on the ground, forming acid rain. Acid rain in our country is sulfuric acid rain.

1. Acid rain is a phenomenon caused by the burning of a large number of fossil fuels or biological substances, which emit acidic compounds (such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide) into the air, resulting in the rainfall containing acidic substances such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The concept was first proposed by British chemists in 1859, but it was not widely used until the middle of the 20th century.

2. It is worth mentioning that rain that is not acidic is acid rain. Since carbon dioxide in the air dissolves in rainwater to form carbonic acid, the normal pH of rainwater is about around. Generally speaking, rain with a pH below is considered to be acid rain.

3. Substances in acid rain can pass through the ecosystem, endanger forests, damage wildlife habitats, and even cause corrosion to buildings mainly made of marble. For example, the Taj Mahal is severely corroded.

Acid rain can harm soil and plants, endanger human health, and corrode buildings, machinery, and municipal facilities. <

Acid rain can harm soil and plants: Acid rain can accelerate the loss of soil mineral nutrients, change soil structure, lead to soil impoverishment, and affect the normal development of plants.

Acid rain is harmful to human health: Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in acid rain can cause allergies to the eyes, nose and throat, for example, asthma and dry cough, headache.

Acid rain can corrode buildings, machinery and municipal facilities: Acid rain can cause the hardened cement of non-metallic building materials to dissolve, causing cavities and cracks to appear, leading to a decrease in strength, which can damage buildings, reduce the service life of buildings, and can cause safety hazards.

1. Acid rain can lead to soil acidification. The soil contains a large amount of aluminum hydroxides, and after soil acidification, it can accelerate the weathering of aluminum-containing primary and secondary minerals in the soil and release a large number of aluminum ions, forming a form of aluminum compounds that can be absorbed by plants. Plants absorb aluminum for a long time and excessively, can be poisoned and even die.

2. Acid rain can still accelerate the loss of soil mineral nutrients; Under the action of acid rain, the nutrients potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium in the soil will be lost, and will be leached away with the rainwater, resulting in a serious shortage of nutrients in the soil, so that the soil becomes poor.

3. Acid rain can also induce plant diseases and pests, so that crop yields can be greatly reduced, especially wheat, under the influence of acid rain, the yield can be reduced by 13% to 34%. Soybeans and vegetables are also susceptible to acid rain, resulting in lower protein content and yields.