Introduction to the famous physicist Newton, Newton s main contributions to physics??

In physics, Newton made great achievements in mechanics, heat, optics and other aspects. Newton was the pioneer of the theory of classical mechanics. On the basis of the work of Galileo and others, he conducted in-depth research, and after a large number of experiments, summed up the three laws of motion and created the classical mechanics system.

Newton's study of the laws of mechanical motion was first and foremost based on an absolute view of time and space. Absolutized time and absolutized space refer to time and space that are not affected by the state of motion of objects. Two observers in a state of uniform motion have the same measurement of mechanical motion.

In a state of high-speed motion, this view of space-time can no longer be adopted, and at this time (the speed of motion is comparable to the speed of light), Newtonian mechanics will be replaced by relativistic mechanics. In the microscopic case, Newtonian mechanics will be replaced by quantum mechanics because the wave nature of the particles has been clearly manifested. Another great contribution of Newton to mechanics was the discovery of the law of universal gravitation based on the work of Kepler and others.

Newton believed that the forces with which the sun attracts planets, planets that attract moons, and everything on the ground are forces of the same nature. Newton proved by calculus that if the radius of any curvilinear motion of a mass points to a point moving in a straight line at rest or at a uniform speed, and it sweeps around the secondary point an area proportional to time, the point must be subject to the centripetal force directed at that point, and if the square of the period around it is proportional to the cube of the radius, then the centripetal force is inversely proportional to the square of the radius.

Newton also identified a series of basic concepts in the development of mechanics, such as mass, momentum, inertia and force. Through Newton's work, mechanics has formed a rigorous, complete and systematic scientific system.

In his 1687 book The Laws of Nature, he described gravitation and the three laws of motion. These descriptions laid the foundation for the scientific view of the physical world in the hocks that followed for the next three centuries and became the basis of modern engineering.

By demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravity, he showed that the motion of terrestrial objects and celestial bodies follows the same laws of nature. It provided strong theoretical support for the theory of the great excitation of the sun and promoted the scientific revolution. In mechanics, Newton clarified the principle of conservation of momentum and angular momentum and proposed Newton's laws of motion.

Optically, he invented the reflecting telescope and developed a theory of color based on the observation that a prism diverges white light into the visible spectrum. Debate.

Mathematician, physicist, astronomer and natural philosopher whose fields of study include physics, mathematics, astronomy, theology, natural philosophy and alchemy.

Newton is one of the founders of the theoretical foundations of modern science and is by far the most influential scientist in history.

Mathematically, there are mainly as follows:

1.Discover the binomial theorem.

2.Creation of calculus (then called the method of flow numbers).

3.Polar coordinates were introduced and the theory of cubic curves was developed.

4.Advance the theory of equations and develop the method of variation.

Physically, there are mainly as follows:

1.Creation of classical mechanics (gravitation, Newton's three laws of motion)2Optical contributions (dispersion principle, Newtonian disc, Newtonian rings)3Thermal contribution (establishing the law of cooling).

In astronomy, there are mainly as follows:

1.Invention of the reflecting telescope.

2.A comprehensive and systematic study of the laws of planetary motion.

His main works include: Principles of Mathematics in Natural Philosophy, Optics, Flow Mathematics, etc.

Among them, the book "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" has been called the greatest work in the history of science. In this book, Newton started from the basic concepts of mechanics (mass, momentum, inertia, force) and the fundamental laws (the three laws of motion), and used the sharp mathematical tool of calculus invented by him to not only mathematically prove the law of universal gravitation, but also establish classical mechanics as a complete and rigorous system, unify the mechanics of heaven and the mechanics of objects on the ground, and realize the first major synthesis in the history of physics.