What is the reliability and validity of Xinhai Psychological Crisis Intervention System Screening?

Since you are going to take the postgraduate entrance examination, you must first make sure that you can read the bibliography of the postgraduate entrance examination of the school you want to apply for and be able to learn. Therefore, you should first look at the designated bibliography of the school where you want to apply for graduate school, and then use these books as the knowledge center to expand your study of psychology, so that you can study for graduate school at the same time.

There are compulsory and elective courses in the psychology major courses, there are textbooks, the reference catalogue can not be read, and the electives can not be read, but the textbooks and compulsory professional courses should be read.

"Success Psychology and Talent Growth", "Happiness Psychology and Talent Growth", "Marriage Psychology and Talent Growth", "Sexual Psychology and Talent Growth", "Introduction to Tourism Management", "Square and Circle", "Experiencing Kennedy Academy", "Xu Mao and His Daughters", "Ordinary World", "Sunshine Blooms Like a Flower", "The Right Way in the World" (Part 2).

1. Self-knowledge.

Self-knowledge is the insight and understanding of oneself, including self-observation and self-evaluation.

Self-observation refers to the awareness of one's own perceptions, thoughts, and intentions; Self-evaluation refers to the judgment and evaluation of one's own thoughts, expectations, behaviors and personality characteristics, which is an important condition for self-regulation.

2. Self-experience.

Self-experience is an inner experience that accompanies self-knowledge, and it is an emotional manifestation of self-awareness.

Self-esteem and self-confidence are the specific content of self-experience. Self-esteem refers to the positive evaluation and experience of self-worth obtained by individuals in the process of social comparison. Self-confidence is the self-experience of whether one's abilities are suitable for the task to be undertaken.

Self-confidence and self-esteem are closely linked to self-evaluation.

3. Self-control.

Self-control is the manifestation of self-consciousness in behavior, and it is the final link to realize the regulation of self-consciousness. It includes self-examination, self-supervision, self-control, etc. Self-examination is the process in which the subject compares and contrasts the results of his or her activities with the purpose of his or her activities in his mind.

Self-monitoring is the process by which a person exercises supervision over his or her words and deeds with his or her conscience or inner code of conduct. Self-control is the subject's active mastery of his or her own psychology and behavior. Self-regulation is a link in self-consciousness that directly acts on individual behavior, it is an important mechanism for a person's self-education and self-development, and the realization of self-regulation is the manifestation of the active nature of self-consciousness.

The moderating role of self-awareness is manifested as: initiating or stopping behavior; transfer of mental activity; acceleration or deceleration of mental processes; increased or diminished motivation; coordination of motivations; supervise and inspect actions in accordance with the prepared plan; coordination of movements, etc.

The self-evaluation system is a mechanism for individuals to make a comprehensive evaluation of their body and mind as a whole.

The content of self-evaluation includes three parts: external self-appearance, inner self-character, and self-image in the eyes of others.

People with no personality have different self-evaluation mechanisms, and some people believe in themselves one-sidedly and are a little boastful and narcissistic; Some people attach too much importance to external evaluations, especially negatives, and appear too pessimistic and inferior; Some people can face up to themselves, discern and look at external evaluations, and give themselves a neutral evaluation.

The self-evaluation system is the cognitive motivation part of self-improvement, and it is the root of self-improvement and upward development.

Psychology is a discipline with its own unique characteristics.

Friends who are new to the field of psychology often have such feelings, psychology is too disorganized, there are many schools, theoretical systems one after another, and each system is not so perfect, there are flaws, there are too many sub-disciplines, many disciplines do not have their own systems, and even the research objects of the discipline are debated.

Some people even think that in the psychological field, a person is easy to succeed, and at the same time the most difficult to convince. In other words, one of your own theories and ideas may be able to solve a certain problem in psychology, but it cannot solve all the problems that your theoretical system is supposed to solve.

So, how should you study psychology as a subject?

In the author's experience, at least the following must be done:

1. Have a systematic and complete understanding and mastery of the basic theories of psychology, which should belong to the academic school, that is to say, it should be systematic and complete, and have an overall understanding and understanding of the discipline of psychology.

2. Have a general understanding and grasp of the basic viewpoints and representative figures of various theoretical schools, as well as their research and evaluation. For example, for the psychoanalytic school, you should at least understand the origin of the psychoanalytic school, the basic views, the representative figures and their basic views, and the current development trend of the psychoanalytic school.

3. Have a clear understanding of the classical experiments of various theoretical schools. For example, the behaviorist school of operant conditioning experiments, Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments, Gestalt gestalt experiments, and so on.

4. Master experimental analysis, because from the current development trend of psychology, the development of psychological experiments has played a great role in the promotion of psychology. Therefore, there should be a certain understanding of experimental design, experimental analysis. Although you are not required to be able to design a psychological experiment on your own, you should at least have an understanding of the methods and methods of experimental design.

There has to be a plan:

Start with basic psychology.

Stipulate that you must learn certain things every day.

It doesn't matter if there is enough time to study.

Can't stipulate too much.

It must be guaranteed for any reason.

It has to be done every day.

Ecological systems theory is a theory of developmental psychology developed by Russian-American psychologist Yu. The model of individual development proposed by U Bronfenbrenner. It emphasizes that the developing individual is nested within a series of environmental systems that interact with and influence the individual's development.

In layman's terms, he believes that the development of human psychology from childhood to adulthood is a growth process in which the natural environment, social environment, family environment and individuals are nested and matched with each other. There is an organic system between the natural and human environment in which the individual lives, and the individual's own subjective initiative determines the direction of development. Bronfenbrenner divides the model of the ecosystem into four layers: microsystem, internal system, external system, and macro system, which he likens to a nested relationship like a "matryoshka".

This theory is the product of the combination of psychology with ecology, systems theory, etc., and later influenced other sub-disciplines such as health psychology.