How to cultivate students observation ability in primary school mathematics teaching

1. Engage in the purpose of scientific observation through enlightening questions.

Feng Huiying, a well-known special teacher, once said: "Before each observation, we should explain to the students what to observe, tell them how to observe, what to observe first, and then what ...... to observe."Her successful experience tells us that the efficiency of observation comes from a clear purpose, and asking some questions for students to think before observation helps to gradually develop students' observation ability and develop students' thinking ability.

For example, before the lesson "Red Tomatoes", let the students observe the tomatoes, let them taste the tomatoes first, observe the shape of the tomato leaves, what color the flowers are, what smell, what shape, which parts they are composed of, observe the cross-section and longitudinal section of the tomato fruit, and what is in the fruit. Then choose a few common plants and compare them to what they have in common with tomatoes. The purpose of the student's observation is clear, the effect of the observation is much better, and the student is happy and easy to learn.

For example, when teaching the lesson "Clear Water", I inspired and instructed the students to go outdoors to observe the color, shape, and smell of water, how to make the turbid water clear, and to appreciate the beautiful water bodies in nature, and the students quickly learned some characteristics of water.

Through the teacher's inspiration, many knowledge contents and discussion topics in the classroom can be skillfully connected in the students' thinking, helping students to correctly understand the purpose of the experiment, enlightening and guiding students to make effective observations and orderly operations. When students have sufficient experimental knowledge, the results of the experiments will be better, which will help them to carry out scientific observation activities accurately.

2. Improve the rigor of students' scientific observation through standardized demonstrations.

Demonstration experiment is the operation demonstration made by the teacher for the students at the beginning of a new experiment or new operation, which plays a leading role and provides students with visual images and a basis for imitation. The teacher's operation will leave a deep first impression on the student, and will subtly affect the student's independent operation in the future. Therefore, the teacher's demonstration must be accurate and well-behaved to ensure the rigor of the observation activity.

Teachers should keep in mind the standardized use of various experimental instruments and strictly implement them in the usual operation demonstrations. For example, pouring medicine into the beaker is to use a glass rod to divert the flow, when clamping the test tube with the test tube clamp, you can not start directly from the mouth of the test tube to the lower set, you should start from the bottom of the test tube and slowly go up to the top, clamp it above the bottom 2 3 position, when using the dropper, you should use the ring finger and middle finger to clamp the glass part of the dropper, squeeze the rubber head with the thumb and index finger, and control the amount of liquid added by dropping.

Raise awareness of the purpose and importance of observations. Educate students to be observant and motivate them to take the initiative to observe; Teach students how to observe.

When I was a child, our science teacher gave us the task of observing the phases of the moon, and we had to observe the shape of the moon every day and draw it on paper.

At first, everyone just regarded this as the teacher's task, but in the follow-up tasks, everyone gradually developed that the shape of the moon changed regularly.

Children's observation skills are not weak, they are full of curiosity about the world, but they need the guidance of adults.

For example, let the child write a diary, do crafts, help mom wash vegetables, and other small tasks.

Nowadays, many parents and friends will pay attention to why my child is often distracted when writing homework, and is easy to look around when he is not attentive in class, so why does the child show poor attention?

1. Clarify the purpose of observation and cultivate students' interest.

According to psychologist Hagen, "Children have a strong tendency to pay attention to certain clues and ignore others, and this tendency is often conditioned by external constraints to influence their actions, especially in early childhood." "When organizing students' observation, it is necessary to put forward a clear purpose and task of observation to students, so that they can actively control their own perception and focus their perception direction on a certain object in the process of observation.

In this way, before organizing an observation, the teacher should know the students: What is the observation? What is the focus and scope of observation?

What to look for first? What to observe after that? What angle should be observed, so as to make better use of the visual characteristics of primary school students' understanding of things, and provide specific examples appropriately, so as to quickly select the object of observation from the observed things or phenomena, and make a complete and clear perception of it, so that they can accumulate rich perceptual materials in the process of thinking, which can help them gradually cultivate mathematical observation ability.

2. Teach observation methods and improve mathematical skills.

Observation is the source of wisdom. In the teaching of mathematics in primary schools, the cultivation of observation should be carried out purposefully and systematically to effectively improve students' mathematical ability. The master artist Rodin once pointed out:

The so-called masters are the people who can find beauty in things that others are accustomed to. It can be seen that scientific observation methods play a positive and important role in cultivating and developing observational power.

Determine the focus of observation and clarify the order of change. That is, to guide students to appropriately determine the observation points according to the characteristics of different observation objects, from the point to the surface, from the surface to the inside, from the concrete to the abstract, according to a certain order presented by the mathematical model, to make accurate judgments and conclusions. For example:

For example, when teaching the lesson "Addition, Subtraction and Mixing" in the first grade, Yu Jujube was illustrated by the scene of vehicles entering and exiting the car parking lot. There used to be 4 cars, 1 out first, then 2 in, how many cars are there in the parking lot now? The disadvantage of the equation is 4-1+2, which is more vivid, easy to observe, and convenient for column calculation.

Of course, in the teaching of mathematics in primary schools, the order of orderly observation is horizontal, vertical, etc., especially in the teaching of multiplication formulas, more attention should be paid to the training of orderly observation of the scum family, so as to develop students' thinking.