Regarding esterification reaction, what is esterification reaction?

Glacial acetic acid is pure acetic acid, and if it is mixed directly with concentrated sulfuric acid, it will dehydrate and form anhydride. And the reaction is violent, and it has lost the original meaning of mixing. It is not very good to mix ethanol and acetic acid first, but it is not impossible.

When absolute ethanol is mixed with sulfuric acid, it is actually diluted with sulfuric acid first, and by placing it to cool, it is the same as diluting concentrated sulfuric acid in water. Therefore, if the sulfuric acid is added last, it will cause the reaction to proceed earlier due to exothermic release, or it will not be conducive to the subsequent addition of sulfuric acid. So the catalyst was added between the two reactants.

I've done it before.

Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form esters, which is called esterification. Esterification is an important chemical reaction of carboxylic acids, which can be regarded as a reaction in which the hydroxyl group in the carboxyl group is replaced by an alkoxy group. Similarly, the hydroxyl groups in carboxylic acids can also be replaced by halogens, carboxylic acids, and amino groups to form derivatives such as acyl halides, anhydrides, and amides, respectively.

Carboxylic acids cannot be catalytically reduced and can only be reduced to primary alcohols by lithium aluminum hydride or aceborane. Most monocarboxylic acids or their salts are decarboxylated when heated, for example, sodium acetate is decarboxylated when coheated with soda and lime to form methane. After being heated, various dibasic carboxylic acids undergo different reactions due to the different positions of the two carboxyl groups, some are decarboxylated, some are dehydrated, and some are dehydrated at the same time.

Decarboxylation. The a-hydrogen of fatty acids is more active than hydrogen on other carbon atoms.

Can be replaced by halogens. The aromatic rings of aromatic acids can also undergo substitution reactions such as halogenation, sulfonation, and nitration.

Esterification reaction is a class of organic chemical reactions, which is the reaction of alcohol with carboxylic acid or oxygenated inorganic acid to produce ester and water. It is divided into three categories: carboxylic acid reaction with alcohol, inorganic oxygenated acid reaction with alcohol and inorganic strong acid reaction with alcohol. The esterification reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohol is reversible, and the reaction is generally very slow, so concentrated sulfuric acid is often used as a catalyst.

Polycarboxylic acids react with alcohols to form a variety of esters. The reaction of inorganic strong acids with alcohols is generally fast. A typical esterification reaction is the reaction of ethanol and acetic acid to produce ethyl acetate with aromatic odor, which is a raw material for the manufacture of dyes and medicines.

Esterification reaction is widely used in organic synthesis and other fields.

Esterification is a common organic chemical reaction.

Esterification reaction refers to the reaction process in which acidic alcohols and compounds containing carboxyl radicals (such as acids, anhydrides, acid chlorides, etc.) react to form esters and water under the action of acid catalysis or transesterifiers. It is a reversible reaction, and the direction of the reaction can be controlled by appropriate reaction conditions. The esterification of carboxylic acids and alcohols is previously reversible and generally very slow.

In general, the esterification reaction requires the addition of an acid catalyst to the reaction system to accelerate the reaction rate. For example, commonly used acid catalysts are sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, methyl sulfuric acid, etc. Acidic alcohols and carboxyl-containing compounds are then mixed and reacted under reaction conditions, usually by heating, to produce esters and water.

In the reaction process, the acid catalyst plays a role in accelerating the reaction rate as an intermediate, and the water that grows old is continuously removed, so as to achieve the purpose of accelerating the reaction. In organic synthesis reactions, esterification is one of the key steps in many synthesis routes, and it is also an indispensable link in the preparation of many drugs and polymer materials.

Practical areas of esterification reactions:

1. Production of spices and odorants.

The esterification reaction can be used to synthesize fragrances and odorants, such as fruit flavors. For example, the apple flavor substance is mainly isoamyl acetate, which can be synthesized by the esterification reaction of isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid. Esterification is used in the production of many artificial fruit flavors and odorants.

2. Prepare plastics.

Esterification is also an important step in the manufacture of plastics. Polyester plastics, for example, are obtained by esterification. In this process, acidic alcohols are esterified with dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides to form polyester compounds, which eventually form polyester plastics.

3. Production of high-grade cellulose.

Esterification can also be used in the production of higher cellulose. High-grade cellulose can be used to make industrial textile raw materials, but the presence of a large number of hydroxyl (OH) functional groups in the cellulose structure limits its application range. Therefore, esterification can be used as a chemical modification method to introduce ester groups into the cellulose molecule to improve the strength and formaldehyde removal performance of cellulose.

Generally speaking, the esterification reaction equation of organic acids is: R-CoOH + RoH < = > concentrated H2SO4 heating) Rcoor + H2O (R all represent hydrocarbon groups).

For example, the equation for the esterification reaction of acetic acid and methanol is: CH3COOH+CH3OH<=>CH3COOCH3+H2O (concentrated H2SO4 heating).

The equation for the esterification reaction of acetic acid and ethylene glycol: 2CH3COOH+HOCH2CH2OH<=>CH3COOCH2CH2OOCch3+2H2O (concentrated H2SO4 heating).

The reaction equation of formic acid and ethanol esterification: HCOH + CH3CH2OH < = >HCOoch2CH3 + H2O (concentrated H2SO4 heating).

Reaction characteristics

One of the significant characteristics of esterification reaction is reversibility, that is, acetic acid and ethanol can not only synthesize esters, but also react with water to decompose into acetic acid and ethanol. When a substance on the left side of the equation is present in high quantities, the reaction tends to form esters; When the content of one substance on the right side of the equation is high, the reaction tends to decompose esters into alcohols and acids.

The above content refers to: Encyclopedia - Esterification Reaction.