How to manage the late red grapes after bagging in the Qiao shed

The main tasks during the coloring period are: pest control, topping, drainage, leaf picking, and fruit harvesting.

Pest control: In late July, spray 800 times of new high-fat film or 500 times of Fumeishuang and 600 times of 70% of the armor to prevent and control white rot. In early August, 500 times + 50% carbendazim 600 times + potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution were sprayed to prevent and treat anthrax.

Downy mildew damage vineyards sprayed with nachalin + mancozeb solution for control. In late August, if there is no disease, you can spray Bordeaux liquid (1::200) and add general tree sterilization and disinfection to prevent disease.

Topping: In late July, topping should be carried out on the developing branches, preparatory branches, and sprouting tillering branches, and the secondary tips should also be topped.

Drainage: In the rainy season, low-lying vineyards should be drained in a timely manner. Timely weeding to avoid aggravating pests and diseases.

Leaf picking: In late August, remove some of the old leaves close to the fruit ear shading, and spray the new high-fat film 800 times liquid in a timely manner to play the role of liquid film bagging, which will not affect fruit respiration, prevent fruit rust, prevent cracking fruit, improve the coloring and brightness of the fruit surface, reduce residual toxicity and improve quality. to improve the coloration of the fruit.

Fruit harvesting: At the end of August, medium-ripening varieties such as Kyoho are harvested.

It is recommended that you use the film-free bag developed by Weinan Kao Technology Co., Ltd. It can help you solve a lot of management problems.

Types of grape trellises.

The length of the trellis is usually 5 to 6 meters, the roots (near the plants) are as high as meters, and the tips are as high as meters. Because of its short frame and convenient grape shelf, it is currently widely used in cold-proof cultivation areas in China. Its main advantages are:

It is suitable for the growth needs of most varieties and is conducive to early harvesting. The branches are only 5 to 6 meters long, and they are easy to put on and off the shelves, and easy to operate. The main vine is short, easy to adjust the tree potential, and the yield is higher and more stable.

At the same time, the recovery after the update is fast, and the impact on production is small. The frame material is easy to select, etc. For example, in the suburbs of Beijing, 5-year-old roses are more common to yield 37,500 kilograms per hectare with small scaffolding.

Now the plant spacing of the new garden is used to meters, the row spacing is 5 meters, and each plant leaves 1 to 2 vines, which bears fruit early, yields early, and achieves the cultivation requirements of 1 year of planting, 2 years of fruiting, and 3 years of high yield. For example, Gaojia Farm in Panjin District, Liaoning Province, the 3-year-old Zifeng variety has an average yield of 37,500 kg per hectare on light saline-alkali land, and the yield is stable.

The large scaffolding (slope type trellis is more than 7 meters long) is called the large scaffolding, which is widely used in the old grape producing areas and courtyards in China, such as Xiongyue in Liaoning Province, Weihai in Shandong Province, and Changli in Hebei Province; Qingxu and other places in Shanxi Province are widely used. The proximal root is as high as a meter, the tip of the frame is as high as a meter, and the frame surface is sloping. The length of the rack depends on the growth of the breed or special needs.

If the longan variety grows vigorously, the frame length is 10 to 12 meters, and 4 to 5 rows of stone crutches or cement schools can be set up, with 7 to 8 in each row, and the distance between them is to meters. After being unearthed in early spring, 1 beam is tied to the top of each row of stone columns, and the old grape vines are placed on the beam, or hung under the beam with a rope, the latter is easy to get on and off the shelf, and does not hurt the old vines.

Funnel-type trellises (fan-shaped shelves) are used in areas with more complex terrain, which can concentrate on improving a small plot of land, planting 4 to 5 grape vines, and using the management method of large fat and large water, so that the vines are tied in the surrounding or fan-shaped direction. The frame is also built according to this shape, the root of the frame is as high as meters, and the surrounding frame tips are as high as meters, forming a funnel or fan. This kind of frame type is commonly used in Xuanhua, Hebei Province, Lanzhou Province, Gansu Province and other regions in China.

It can also be used as a shade shelter in public places or to cover buildings.

Horizontal scaffoldingHorizontal scaffolding is to connect the scaffolding surfaces of 10 to 20 acres of vineyard operation area in a horizontal shape. In fact, it is a rack type that connects several rows of small scaffolds or large scaffolding, but there is no inclined slope. Rack structure:

The height of the erection is to meters, and a pillar is set every 4 to 5 meters, arranged in a square, and the pillar is as high as a meter. The surrounding side posts are thicker, 12 cm 12 cm, and are inclined outward at a 45-degree angle to be buried in the ground, and the anchor stone is used to tighten and fix the upright column and the traction backbone line on it.

To apply a wire tightener to proceed. The load of the surrounding backbone line is heavier, and the double-strand No. 8 iron wire can be used, the internal backbone line is single-strand No. 8 iron wire, and the branch line distributed between the backbone line is No. 12 iron wire, and the distance between the branch lines is 50 cm. This kind of frame type is mostly used on flat ground.

Ridge scaffoldingRidge scaffolding is composed of two inclined small scaffolding or large scaffolding opposite heads, which resemble a roof ridge and is named. The advantage is that a row of high pillars can be omitted, and the frame is firm, and the rest is the same as the large and small scaffolding.

1 Planting density.

Victorian grapes grow moderately and flowering easily. In order to increase the yield of the second year and increase the planting efficiency, it is best to cultivate on the fence and increase the planting density appropriately. In particular, the spacing of the encrypted strain.

If planted according to the row spacing meters and plant spacing meters, about 750 plants are planted per mu. In the year of planting, each plant leaves 2 3 new roots, according to the second year's fruiting rate of 90%, each column can bear 3 4 ears, yield about 2 kg, so that each mu can bear 1500 kg. Achieve one year of planting and two years of bumper yield.

2 Fertilizer and water management.

In order to achieve high yields, it is necessary to increase the amount of fertilizer in moderation. Before germination, 100 grams of urea or diphosphate were applied to the plant, 200 grams of compound fertilizer were applied to the plant after the fruit set, and 200 grams of urea or hydrogen were applied to the plant at the young fruit stage to facilitate the rapid expansion of the fruit. Fertilization combined with watering.

Combined with spraying during the growth period, foliar spraying of urea and potassium treasure 3 4 times; Spray 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10 days before ripening for a total of 3 sprays to increase the sugar content of the fruit. After the fruit is harvested, the ditch is topdressed on the side of the planting ditch every year, and 5000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu.

3 Shaping and trimming.

Victorian grapes grow in a mediocre manner, and are cultivated away from home mainly in a natural fan shape. When shearing in winter, you can use a combination of medium and short pruning. Pay attention to the reasonable renewal of branches, regulate the vegetative growth and fruiting amount, and prevent the fruiting parts from moving upward.

4 Flowering management.

Victorian grapes have strong bearing strength, more inflorescences, and a high fruit setting rate, and some inflorescences should be thinned before flowering. Generally, 1 2 ears are left according to the thick branches, 1 ear is left in the middle branches, and the weak branches are only used for renewing branches, and no ears are left. And thin off the secondary spike, pinch off the tip of the spike about 1 4.

1 week before flowering, leave 5 or 6 leaves on the inflorescence for topping.

5 bagged. Bagging reduces pests and diseases and increases the value of goods. Due to the yellow-green color of Victorian grapes, they do not need to be bagged before ripening, and the effect is better with bags**.

It is best to use the preparation line to be easy to control.

The cultivation mode of artificial adjustment is to use greenhouses, plastic greenhouses and rain shelters and other protective facilities to improve or control the environmental environment factors in the facilities, provide suitable environmental conditions for grape growth and development, and then achieve the goal of grape production.