What are the factors that affect the softening effect in softened water treatment?

1. Softened water means that this kind of water has been specially treated and does not contain any calcium-magnesium compounds that can be guessed to be soluble calcium and magnesium compounds.

2. If it is hard water.

It means that no treatment has been done, and the common ones are river water, tap water, etc. Soft water.

It is usually used to wash clothes, hair, or face, and cannot be drunk directly.

Principle of softening treatment system:

Working principle: The automatic sodium ion exchanger adopts the principle of ion exchange to remove calcium, magnesium and other scale ions in the water. When the raw water containing hardness ions passes through the resin layer in the exchanger, the calcium and magnesium ions in the water are replaced with the sodium ions adsorbed by the resin, and the resin adsorbs the calcium and magnesium ions and the sodium ions enter the water, so that the water flowing out of the exchanger is the demineralized water with the hardness removed.

Because the hardness of water is mainly formed and expressed by calcium and magnesium, cation exchange resin (water softener) is generally used to replace Ca2+ and Mg2+ (the main components of scale formation) in the water, and with the increase of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the resin, the efficiency of resin to remove Ca2+ and Mg2+ gradually decreases.

When the resin absorbs a certain amount of calcium and magnesium ions, it must be regenerated, and the regeneration process is to rinse the resin layer with the salt water in the salt box, replace the hardness ions on the resin, and discharge the resin out of the tank with the regenerated waste liquid, and the resin will resume the softening and exchange function.

Water softening refers to the removal of hardness in water, which is mainly higher than Ca and Mg ions.

1. Ion exchange resin is usually used in the softened water process, when the hard water passes through the resin bed at a certain speed, the calcium and magnesium ions in the water will be replaced by the sodium ions in the resin (such as 007 sodium cation exchange resin), so as to achieve the purpose of water softening.

2. When the reaction reaches saturation, the resin will lose its softening ability, and it can be regenerated with a regenerant to restore the resin's ability to remove hardness.

3. RO membranes can also be used to soften water to completely remove ions in the water, but this is not a single hard removal, but desalination. The cost is higher.

Do you know how the automatic water softener equipment works?

Go to the supermarket and buy a water purifier, the kind that is used to filter. As for softening, you don't have to, as long as you don't drink it, hard water won't affect you...

The working principle of the automatic water softening equipment is: the hydraulic control valve uses the kinetic energy of the water flow to drive two sets of turbines to drive two sets of gears to drive the rotation of the water dial and the control panel. The water dial accumulates the flow rate, and the control panel introduces the raw water pressure signal into a group of valve chambers through a set of orifice, and opens or closes the pressure orifice according to the set rule while rotating, so as to realize the automatic switching of a group of valves integrated in one.

The water softener is composed of two resin tanks (main tank and auxiliary tank) hydraulic control valve and salt tank, the control valve controls the waterway to switch between the main tank and the auxiliary tank to ensure that there is always one tank in working state, and the other tank is in the regeneration or standby state, the regenerated salt liquid is sucked in by the negative pressure of the venturi jet installed in the valve, and the regeneration and cleaning water is the softened water of the other tank. For different raw water hardness, different numbers of water dials are used to achieve the corresponding working and regeneration cycles.

Natural water contains various salts, which are dissolved into cations and anions, mainly Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and HC03-, SO42-, Cl-, etc. In the process of heating, evaporation and concentration (such as boiler water), the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the water continue to combine with some anions in the water to form insoluble substances and precipitate, and form scale (commonly known as rust), which is attached to the heating surface of the boiler. Due to the poor thermal conductivity of scale, which hinders heat exchange, greatly reduces the thermal efficiency of the boiler, wastes fuel and burns out parts, and endangers safety, causing undesirable consequences.

In order to eliminate or reduce these hazards, it is necessary to remove the hardness components that can form scale in the water, such as calcium and magnesium ions, as well as other ** metal ions such as iron, aluminum, manganese, etc. Therefore, water softening is required.

Because the use of hard water can bring a lot of problems to life and production. Like what.

1.When it reacts with soap, it produces insoluble precipitate, which reduces the washing effect. (This can also be used to distinguish between hard water and soft water)2

Industrially, the precipitation of calcium salt and magnesium salt will cause pot scale, hinder heat conduction, and in severe cases, it will also lead to boiler **. Due to the problem of hard water, the maintenance and replacement of equipment and pipelines in the industry cost tens of millions of yuan every year. 3.

The consumption of hard water can also have a certain impact on human health and daily life. People who do not drink hard water regularly occasionally drink hard water, which will cause gastrointestinal disorders, that is, the so-called "water and soil adaptation"; Cooking fish and vegetables in hard water can destroy or reduce the nutritional value of the food as it is not easy to cook; Brewing tea with hard water will change the color and aroma of tea and reduce its drinking value; Making tofu with hard water will not only reduce the yield, but also affect the nutritional content of the tofu.

There are too many impurities in the water, which is not good for the body, so it should be softened.

Don't directly water these "hard water" when raising flowers, as long as you add some "it" hard water will also become soft water.

If the hardness of the water is temporary, after the water is boiled, the calcium bicarbonate or magnesium bicarbonate contained in the water will decompose into calcium carbonate that is insoluble in water and magnesium hydroxide that is insoluble in water. When these sediments are precipitated, the hardness of the water can be reduced, so that the harder water can be softened.

If the hardness of the water is permanent, the following methods are often used.

1) Ion exchange method: a specific cation exchange resin is used to replace calcium and magnesium ions in the water with sodium ions, because the solubility of sodium salt is very high, so it avoids the formation of scale caused by the increase of temperature. This method is currently the most commonly used standard method.

The main advantages are: the effect is stable and accurate, and the process is mature. It is possible to reduce the hardness to 0.

Water softened water equipment that uses this method is generally called an ion exchanger (also called a sodium ion exchanger because it uses sodium ion exchange resins).

2) Membrane separation method: both nanofiltration membrane (NF) and reverse osmosis membrane (RO) can intercept calcium and magnesium ions in water, thereby fundamentally reducing the hardness of water. This method is characterized by obvious and stable effects, and the treated water has a wide range of applications; However, there are high requirements for inlet pressure, and equipment investment and operating costs are high.

Generally, it is rarely used for specialized softening treatments.

3) Lime method: adding lime to the water is mainly used to treat high hard water with a large flow rate, and the hardness can only be reduced to a certain range.

4) Electromagnetic method: a certain electric field or magnetic field is added to the water to change the characteristics of ions, so as to change the speed of calcium carbonate (magnesium carbonate) deposition and the physical properties of deposition to prevent the formation of hard scale. Its characteristics are:

The equipment investment is small, the installation is convenient, and the operating cost is low; However, the effect is not stable enough, there is no unified measurement standard, and because the main function is only to affect the physical properties of scale within a certain range, the use time and distance of the treated water are limited. It is mostly used for the treatment of commercial (such as air conditioning, etc.) circulating cooling water, and cannot be applied to industrial production and boiler make-up water treatment (at the same time, because the mechanism of this kind of equipment has not been confirmed by real theory).

5) Dosing method: adding a special antiscalant to the water can change the characteristics of the combination of calcium and magnesium ions and carbonate ions, so that the scale can not be precipitated and deposited. There are many scale inhibitors that can be used in the industry.

This method is characterized by less one-time investment and wide adaptability; However, when the amount of water is large, the operating cost is high, and the application of water is greatly limited due to the addition of chemical substances, and it cannot be used in drinking, food processing, industrial production, etc. It is also rarely used in the civilian field.

The temporary hardness of water is caused by calcium bicarbonate or magnesium bicarbonate, which is boiled and the calcium bicarbonate or magnesium bicarbonate contained in the water will decompose into calcium carbonate that is insoluble in water and magnesium carbonate that is insoluble in water.

The so-called "hard water" refers to the high amount of minerals dissolved in the water, especially calcium and magnesium. Hard water is not a direct health hazard, but it can cause a lot of problems in life, such as limescale build-up on water utensils, and reduced washing efficiency of soaps and detergents.

Demineralized water treatment mainly removes calcium and magnesium ions in water, and turns hard water into soft water through treatment, so as to apply it to people's life and production. So what are the common soft and bright water treatment methods?

1. Ion exchange method.

Method: The cation exchange resin is used to replace the calcium and magnesium ions in the water with sodium ions, and the solubility of sodium salt is very high, so the formation of scale caused by the increase of temperature is reduced.

The scope of application of the demineralized water treatment method is catering, food, chemical industry, medicine and other fields, air conditioning, industrial circulating water and other applications. The standard method that is more commonly used before the source of the eye.