How to maintain soil fertility and how to improve soil fertility?

Why is light loam the best texture for dryland cultivated soils?

In agricultural production, soils that are too sandy and too clay are not conducive to the growth of crops, and soil with moderate coarse and fine soil particles is ideal. This kind of soil is called loam, due to the moderate content of sand and clay, it overcomes the shortcomings of sandy soil and cohesive soil, retains their advantages, and the permeability, storage capacity, potential nutrient content, and soil temperature changes are relatively moderate. Good tillage, plant seedlings and later growth can be good.

It has relatively good production traits, so the dryland cultivated layer soil is an ideal type.

The purpose of land preparation is to improve soil structure, improve soil fertility, retain moisture, eliminate weeds, pests and diseases, and facilitate the growth of seedlings. It is best to carry out autumn plowing and autumn harrowing in autumn, and it can also be raked immediately after the seedlings are raised in autumn. If necessary.

It is possible to apply organic fertilizer to the soil, in the countryside it is possible to apply manure, do not always grow one crop on the land.

1.Increase the application of organic fertilizer:

The application of agricultural fertilizers with high organic matter content, such as human manure, animal manure, urine and compost, compost, green manure, can improve and maintain the content of organic fertilizer in the soil. In places where conditions permit, a large amount of fertilizer (river mud, peat, etc.) can be applied, which has a significant effect on improving the content of soil organic matter.

2.Straw returning:

Straw returning is an effective measure to improve soil and increase soil productivity. First, the straw is poured into the soil after composting. Second, after the crops are harvested, the chain will chop the crop straw, sprinkle it on the ground with a plow, and return directly to the field.

In this way, the physical properties of the soil can be improved, the formation of soil aggregate structure can be promoted, and the air permeability, water permeability and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil can be improved, thereby improving soil fertility.

3.Rational crop rotation:

Reasonable crop rotation is the cultivation method of land cultivation, pay attention to two points in the shed such as crop rotation: one is to appropriately increase the planting area of leguminous crops, in the rotation process about four years to plant a crop of leguminous crops can increase the nitrogen content in the soil, at the same time, leguminous green manure crops after turning into the soil, a large number of roots, stems, leaves can increase soil organic matter, improve soil physical and chemical properties, improve soil fertility;

Second, the planting of land-consuming crops should be controlled for many years, such as sugar beet should be rotated once every seven years, sunflowers should be rotated once every four years, and beans and melon crops should not be heavy and not stubble, and should be rotated for more than five years, which is conducive to restoring soil fertility and preventing and controlling diseases.

4.Planting grass and fertilizing the field:

Vigorously advocate the planting of leguminous forage grasses, improve soil fertility, and improve economic benefits. At present, forage grasses such as wood rhinoceros and alfalfa can be planted to improve soil fertility and increase soil productivity.

5.Rationally adjust the proportion of agricultural, forestry and pastoral land

The development and restoration of forestry is a favorable measure to balance the ecology, improve climatic conditions, and turn a vicious circle into a virtuous circle. Rational animal husbandry development can provide a large amount of organic matter for the soil, which is a direct measure to fertilize the soil and improve crop yields.

There are three main ways to enhance soil fertility, 1. It is very important to turn the soil deeply: the land must be turned deep to promote the conversion of organic matter, after a period of planting, the shallow soil with a thickness of 20 cm basically consumes too much nutrients, and the nutrients sink to the deep soil layer. In order to survive, beneficial bacteria will also accumulate in the soil under 20 cm, so that the topsoil is not breathable.

Coupled with the large use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the pH of the soil is out of balance and the soil loses its vitality. At this time, it is necessary to turn the soil deeply, preferably to a depth of about 40 cm. 2. Straw returning:

Corn and wheat are basically planted with straw returned to the field. Straw returning is to turn the surface crop residues, weeds and fertilizers into the soil, which can increase the soil nutrient content and improve the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity. 3. Apply farmhouse fertilizer:

Farm fertilizer is organic fertilizer, which can not only provide nutrients needed for crop growth, but also provide rich energy for soil microbial activities, which can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and enhance soil environment.

Improving soil fertility means increasing the organic matter in the soil and enhancing the activity of the soil. To improve organic matter, straw returning and organic fertilizer can be applied.

To improve soil activity, the main thing is to increase the thickness of sunny soil, which can be achieved through soil rotation, summer drying, and the use of winter freezing and ablation capacity.

Tea residue Tea residue, overnight tea or something, can be used as flower fertilizer, which can play a great role in the growth of flowers.

You can bury the tea residue in the soil and let it ferment slowly, and the fermented tea residue can improve the drainage of the soil, increase fertility, and improve the pH. When the fermentation is complete, the flowers can be planted.

Eggshells Eggshells are also very common small things in the home, but it's a pity to throw them away.

Wash the egg shell and dry it for disinfection, you can directly crush it and bury it in the soil, pay attention to be sure to wash it before use.

Lime Lime has some application in raising flowers, but this main return branch or is to adjust the acidity and alkalinity of the soil and improve the acidic soil.

Banana peel Banana peel can play a lot of role in raising flowers, cut the banana peel into small pieces, directly buried in the soil, conducive to the reproduction of microorganisms.

It provides nutrients to the soil, such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium and sodium.

Natural Organic Fertilizer Some natural fertilizers can also achieve quite good results for plants. These natural organic fertilizers include straw, fallen leaves and so on.

Soil cover Sometimes, there will be some weeds in raising flowers, these weeds will affect the growth of plants, consume a lot of nutrients, and must be cleaned up in time. When raising flowers, you can cover something on top of the soil, which can play a role in preventing the growth of weeds.

First, increase the application of organic fertilizers, and apply agricultural fertilizers with high organic matter content such as manure, human and animal urine fertilizer, compost, wet fertilizer, and green manure, which can increase and maintain the organic fertilizer content of the soil. Where conditions permit, apply a large amount of fertilizer (river mud, peat, etc.). ) can be applied, and the effect on increasing soil organic matter content is obvious.

Second, straw returning is an effective measure to improve soil and improve soil productivity. First, put the straw in the soil after composting; The other is that after the crops are harvested, the straw is chopped and sprinkled on the surface, and then ploughed with a plow and returned directly to the field. This can improve the physical properties of the soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, increase air permeability, water permeability and fertilizer retention capacity, and thus improve soil fertility.

Thirdly, reasonable rotation is a farming method. There are two points to pay attention to in crop rotation: one is to appropriately increase the planting area of leguminous plants, and the leguminous plants planted for about four years in the rotation process can increase the nitrogen content in the soil, while a large number of leguminous roots, stems and leaves can increase soil organic matter, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and improve soil fertility.

Second, the planting of soil-consuming crops should be controlled, and beans and melon crops should be rotated for more than 5 years, which is conducive to restoring soil fertility and preventing diseases. 4.Grass planting and fertilization of fields should be strongly promoted to plant leguminous forage grasses to improve soil fertility and increase economic output.

At present, osmanthus and alfalfa can be planted to improve the soil, fertilize the soil and improve soil productivity. 5. Rationally adjust the proportion of land used for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. The development and restoration of forestry is a favorable measure to balance the ecology, improve climatic conditions, and turn a vicious circle into a virtuous circle.

Rational development of animal husbandry can provide a large amount of organic matter for the soil, which is a direct measure to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield.

1. Increase the application of organic fertilizer.

Increase and maintain the content of soil organic fertilizer by applying manure, urine manure and compost, manure, green manure and other agricultural fertilizers with high organic matter content, and a large amount of fertilizer (river mud, grass carbon, etc.) can be applied in places where conditions permit, which has an obvious effect on improving the content of soil organic matter.

Second, straw returning to the field.

Straw returning is an effective measure to improve the soil and increase the soil production capacity. First, the straw is applied to the soil after being piled; The other is that after the crop is harvested, the straw is chopped and sprinkled on the surface of the ground and pressed with a plow, and directly returned to the field, which can improve the physical properties of the soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, increase air permeability, water permeability, and fertilizer retention capacity, thereby improving soil fertility.

3. Reasonable crop rotation.

Reasonable crop rotation is the cultivation method of land cultivation, pay attention to two points in the rotation: one is to appropriately increase the planting area of leguminous crops, in the rotation process about four years to plant a legume crop can increase the nitrogen content in the soil, at the same time, leguminous green manure crops after turning into the soil, a large number of roots, stems, leaves can increase soil organic matter, improve soil physical and chemical properties, improve soil fertility; Second, the planting of land-consuming crops should be controlled for many years, such as sugar beet should be rotated once every seven years, sunflowers should be rotated once every four years, and beans and melon crops should not be heavy and not stubble, and should be rotated for more than five years, which is conducive to restoring soil fertility and preventing and controlling diseases.

Fourth, plant grass and fertilize the field.

We should vigorously advocate the planting of green manure, legumes, and pastures to fertilize the soil and increase economic output. At present, the forage grasses that can be planted include grass rhinoceros and alfalfa, etc., in order to improve the soil, cultivate soil fertility, and increase soil production capacity.

Nowadays, due to the long-term use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in our land, more and more mineral elements are adsorbed by soil particles, resulting in excessive acid and salt in the soil; In addition, the large use of chemical fertilizers leads to serious soil compaction, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are getting worse and worse, and the residues of soil chemicals and the accumulation of heavy metals also threaten people's health. Coupled with the continuous overload of land, the accumulation of harmful soil pathogens is increasing, the beneficial bacteria are becoming less and less, and soil-borne diseases are becoming more and more difficult to control.

By supplementing the soil with organic matter and soil beneficial bacteria, we can significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of our soil and the structure of microbial communities, so as to provide a good soil ecological environment for the growth of crops. At present, there are two types of products on the market containing soil beneficial bacteria, bacterial fertilizer and microbial agent, and we usually confuse the two, so what is bacterial fertilizer, microbial agent, and biological organic fertilizer? How to classify.

Let's first look at the definition of bacterial fertilizer and microbial agent.

Bacterial fertilizer: As the name suggests, it is bacteria + fertilizer. Bacteria are all kinds of beneficial microorganisms, fertilizer can be organic fertilizer, can also be nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements and other inorganic fertilizers.

The beneficial bacterial preparation products used for biological control, decomposing soil pesticides, heavy metals, adjusting pH, and accelerating the decomposition of organic matter but not providing soil fertility are called biological bacteria agents (such as Penicillium lavender, Bacillus thuringiensis, etc.), which do not belong to the category of bacterial fertilizer. Microbial agent: live bacteria + carrier, the carrier includes liquid carrier, semi-solid carrier (such as agar, disaccharide, gelatin medium), solid carrier (bran, wheat, corn kernels, millet, rice or their mixture, etc.).

It refers to the live bacterial preparation made by the target organism (effective bacteria) after industrial production and multiplication.

Increase the application of organic matter fertilizers and use more microbial agents.

1. You can directly laugh and pile the fallen leaves on the land, and then pour them with water, let the sun dry them, and wait for some time, when they dissolve and disappear, they will become nutrients absorbed by the land, and then the soil will become fertile.

2. If you want the soil to become acidic quickly, you can regularly pour some ferrous sulfate solution with low pure wheel concentration into the flower soil, or you can regularly pour some water containing salt-free vinegar into it. Usually 1-2 times a month is sufficient.

The subsistence mode of making the soil fertile and requiring the implementation of crop rotation can effectively regulate the average of various elements in the soil. Formula fertilization can also be practiced, as well as the application of well-rotted organic fertilizer. To adjust the pH of the soil, you can apply lime to make the soil alkaline.

Apply diluted water of ferrous sulfate and aluminum sulfate to increase the acidity of the soil.

The method of making the soil fertile makes the soil fertile, and it is necessary to implement a survival mode of crop rotation, which can effectively adjust the average of various elements in the soil and reduce the harm of pests and diseases in the soil. Formula fertilization can also be implemented to improve the soil environment by applying fertilizer in a purposeful and planned manner.

It is also possible to directly apply well-decomposed organic fertilizer to increase the organic composition of the soil, thus making the soil more fertile. You can also apply more green manure to increase the proportion of organic components in the soil, so that there is enough organic matter in the bright infiltrated soil to promote plant growth.

In addition to adjusting the fertility of the soil, the pH of the soil should also be adjusted to make the soil more suitable for plant growth. If it is a plant that needs a growing environment with alkaline soil, you can apply 20 25kg of lime per mu per mu every year to adjust the pH of the soil to alkaline.

If the plant prefers to grow on acidic soil, it is necessary to water some diluted water with ferrous sulfate or aluminum sulfate to increase the acidity of the soil. Because humic acid fertilizer contains more humus, it can adjust the pH of the soil safely.