How many types of chronology are there in history?How was the Western Han Dynasty divided?How is it

Ancient chronology: Ganzhi year, year name year, prince year, year name and dry branch combined use, year star year, Tai Sui year, zodiac year, East Polar salmon year, Chinese and Western compound year, ancient Egyptian calendar.

Ganzhi dating is one of the most basic dating methods in ancient China. The earliest record is found in the Huainanzi Tianwenxun, but this method was not popular in the Western Han Dynasty. Since the 30th year of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty (54 AD), the Ganzhi was officially used for the year.

There are four main types of ancient chronology in China:

Method 1 (1) The chronology of the prince's accession to the throne. The year is based on the number of years of the reign of the princes. Such as "Left Biography.

Battle of the Dice": "In the spring of the thirty-third year, the Qin division passed through the north gate of Zhou. "Refers to the thirty-third year of the reign of Lu Xugong.

Lian Po Lin is like a biography": "In the sixteenth year of King Zhao Huiwen, Lian Po was a Zhao general. ”

Method 2 (2) Chronology. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there have been era names. Since then, every emperor has to change the yuan when he ascends the throne, and the year is recorded by the year name.

For example, "The Story of Yueyang Tower", "Qingli Fourth Year Spring", "Pipa Xing", "Yuan and Ten Years", "You Bao Chan Mountain" "A Day in July of the First Year of Zhihe", "Shizhong Mountain" "Yuanfeng Seven Years", "Meihualing Ji" "Shunzhi Second Year", "Guide Record" Preface "Deyou Second Year", "Yandang Mountain" "Xiangfuzhong" ("Xiangfu" is the abbreviation of "Dazhong Xiangfu", Song Zhenzong year name) and so on.

Method 3 (3) Stem branch chronology. For example, "The Tombstone of Five People": "Yu still remembers the arrest of Zhou Gongzhi, and the hope of Ding Mao in March."

"Ding Mao" refers to the year 1627;"Preface to the Seventy-two Martyrs of Huanghuagang": "The tragedy of death is the most tragic in the siege of the Liangguang Governor's Office on March 29 in Xinhai. "Xinhai" refers to the year 1911;"Book with Wife" "Xin Wei read six nights and four drums in March", "Xin Wei" should be Xinhai.

In modern times, the Ganzhi period is also commonly used to indicate major historical events, such as the "First Sino-Japanese War", "Wuxu Change", "Gengzi Indemnity", "Xinchou Treaty", and "Xinhai Revolution".

Method 4 (4) Dry and branch combination method of year number. During the chronology, the emperor's year number was placed in front, and the cadres were listed later. For example, "Yangzhou Slow" "Chunxi Bingshen", "Chunxi" is the name of Zhao Yan (Shen) of Xiaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, and "Bingshen" is the year of the Ganzhi;"The Legend of the Nuclear Boat" "Apocalypse Renxu Autumn", "Apocalypse" is the year name of Zhu Youxiao of Ming Xizong, and "Renxu" is the year of the Ganzhi; "Sacrifice Sister Wenkuang Qianlong Dinghai Winter", "Qianlong" is the name of the Qing Gaozong Aixin Jueluo Hongli year, and "Dinghai" is the year of the Ganzhi; "Plum Blossom Ridge Chronicle" "Shunzhi second year of Yiyou April", "Shunzhi" is the Qing ancestor Aixin Jueluo Fulin year, "Yiyou" is the year of the Ganzhi.

There are four main types of chronological methods in ancient China: (1) the chronological method of the year of the prince's accession to the throne. The year is based on the number of years of the reign of the princes.

Such as "Left Biography. Battle of the Dice": "In the spring of the thirty-third year, the Qin division passed through the north gate of Zhou.

"Refers to the thirty-third year of the reign of Lu Xugong. Lian Po Lin is like a biography": "In the sixteenth year of King Zhao Huiwen, Lian Po was a Zhao general.

2) Chronology. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there have been era names. Since then, every emperor has to change the yuan when he ascends the throne, and the year is recorded by the year name.

For example, "The Story of Yueyang Tower", "Qingli Fourth Year Spring", "Pipa Xing", "Yuan and Ten Years", "You Bao Chan Mountain" "A Day in July of the First Year of Zhihe", "Shizhong Mountain" "Yuanfeng Seven Years", "Meihualing Ji" "Shunzhi Second Year", "Guide Record" Preface "Deyou Second Year", "Yandang Mountain" "Xiangfuzhong" ("Xiangfu" is the abbreviation of "Dazhong Xiangfu", Song Zhenzong year name) and so on.

3) Cadre-branch chronology. For example, "The Tombstone of Five People": "Yu still remembers the arrest of Zhou Gongzhi, and the hope of Ding Mao in March."

"Ding Mao" refers to the year 1627;"Preface to the Seventy-two Martyrs of Huanghuagang": "The tragedy of death is the most tragic in the siege of the Liangguang Governor's Office on March 29 in Xinhai. "Xinhai" refers to the year 1911;"Book with Wife" "Xin Wei read six nights and four drums in March", "Xin Wei" should be Xinhai.

In modern times, the Ganzhi period is also commonly used to indicate major historical events, such as the "First Sino-Japanese War", "Wuxu Change", "Gengzi Indemnity", "Xinchou Treaty", and "Xinhai Revolution".

4) The combination of year name and dry branch. During the chronology, the emperor's year number was placed in front, and the cadres were listed later. For example, "Yangzhou Slow" "Chunxi Bingshen", "Chunxi" is the name of Zhao Yan (Shen) of Xiaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, and "Bingshen" is the year of the Ganzhi;"The Legend of the Nuclear Boat" "Apocalypse Renxu Autumn", "Apocalypse" is the year name of Zhu Youxiao of Ming Xizong, and "Renxu" is the year of the Ganzhi; "Sacrifice Sister Wenkuang Qianlong Dinghai Winter", "Qianlong" is the name of the Qing Gaozong Aixin Jueluo Hongli year, and "Dinghai" is the year of the Ganzhi; "Plum Blossom Ridge Chronicle" "Shunzhi second year of Yiyou April", "Shunzhi" is the Qing ancestor Aixin Jueluo Fulin year, "Yiyou" is the year of the Ganzhi.

The chronological method we use now is the Common Era. This is the most common method of dating in the world today, and it is counted from the year of Jesus' birth. In ancient China, there were two other methods of dating.

One is to date the year of the feudal dynasty. For example, the year name of Tang Taizong (Li Shimin) is Zhenguan, and he became the emperor in 627 AD, and this year is called the first year of Zhenguan. The last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Sizong (Zhu Youjian), ascended the throne with the year name Chongzhen, and the year of Sizong's (that is, Emperor Chongzhen) hanged himself was the sixteenth year of Chongzhen.

This kind of chronology, if you are not familiar with the various dynasties and year names, is very troublesome to calculate. During the Three Kingdoms, Wei, Shu, and Wu had their own dating methods, resulting in confusion and disunity in the chronology. Therefore, there is another relatively scientific dating method in ancient China:

Ganzhi year. You must be very familiar with the "Jiawu Fengyun" and "Xinhai Revolution", where "Jiawu" and "Xinhai" are the names of the years, which are derived from the Ganzhi chronology.

"Stem Branch" is the combined name of the heavenly stem and the earthly branch. A, B, C, D, E, G, G, XIN, NON, and DE are called the heavenly stems (also known as the ten heavenly stems); Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, and Hai are called the earthly branches (i.e., the twelve earthly branches). The sexagenary branches are matched in turn, exactly 60 years is a week, which is what people usually call sixty jiazi.

The ancients used this method to record years, months, days, and hours.

During the Ganzhi period, the day and night were divided into 12 equal parts, and the Zi, Chou, and Yin ...... were used respectivelyTwelve earthly branches, a symbol representing an hour, each equivalent to two hours in the present. The specific division of time: the time is inferred from the shadow of the sun during the day, which can be measured by a sundial or by empirical visual measurement.

Taking the sun as the standard, the sun is called noon in the sky, which is the center of the day, which is equivalent to 12 noon now. After noon, it is calculated in turn: 14 o'clock is the early hour, 16 o'clock is the Shen time, and 18 o'clock is the unitary time.

After unitary time, the sun is gone. In ancient times, ordinary people did not have timers such as drips, so they used the method of burning incense to keep time, or listen to the time change. People divide an evening into five shifts:

From 20 o'clock in the hour, it is called a watch; The hour of 22 o'clock is called the second watch; Zero o'clock is the middle of the night, which is commonly known as "three watches in the middle of the night"; When 2 o'clock is called ugly, it is the fourth watch; At 4 o'clock before dawn, it is the fifth watch. After the fifth watch, the golden rooster reported the dawn, and the sky gradually brightened. 6 a.m.; 8 o'clock at the time of the hour; At 10 o'clock.

The Ganzhi period is said to be very ancient, more than 2,000 years ago. Every day there is a daily sequence, including a word for the heavenly stem and a word for the earthly branch, such as Jiazi is the first day, the second day is Yichou, and the third day is Bingyin ......60 days is a week, and after the week is over, it starts from Jiazikou.

The month of the Ganzhi is named after the twelve earthly branches, the month where the winter solstice is located is the sub-month, the next month is the ugly month, and so on. But the Ganzhi Jiyue is no longer needed.

The year of the stem branch, the heaven and earth branches are matched in order, Jiazi is the first year, and the second year of Yichou is ......Sixty years is a week, and the cycle repeats. For example, 1924 is the year of Jiazi, and 60 years later, 1984 is the year of Jiazi.

1 year number: 2 dry branch years, 3 star years, 4 zodiac years.