What are the types of lenses and what are the classifications of lenses?

The classification of lenses can be classified according to focal length, aperture and lens telescopic adjustment

1. According to the focal length, there are fixed focal length type, telescopic type, automatic aperture or manual aperture and other types.

2. According to the size of the focal length number, there are standard lenses and wide-angle lenses.

telescopic lenses and other types.

3. According to the aperture, there are fixed iris, manual iris, auto iris and other types.

4. According to the lens telescopic adjustment method, there are electric telescopic lenses, manual telescopic lenses and other types.

According to the performance and shape of the lens, there are currently P-type, E-type, L-type and auto-zoom lenses, as follows:

1.P-type lens.

1) Automatically position the lens, the pupil focus has been adjusted, and it is necessary to check the clarity from the maximum magnification to the minimum magnification, whether it is consistent and clear.

2) Check the coaxiality, that is, the maximum magnification to the minimum magnification are taken in the same position, and cannot be offset or the offset is too large, which is regarded as a defective product, and the lens must be replaced.

3) The optical magnification is a total of nine magnifications between magnification and magnification.

4) The sharpness is judged according to the correction block and the image reflection of the actual object.

2.E-type lens.

1) This lens is an ordinary industrial lens, you need to manually adjust the pupil focus, after the machine is installed, when manually adjusting the maximum magnification and the minimum magnification, the image is equally clear, if the clarity cannot be adjusted, it is regarded as a defective product, if there are unstable factors such as shaking of the lens after adjustment, it is also regarded as a defective product.

2) Check the coaxiality, that is, the maximum magnification to the minimum magnification are taken in the same position, and cannot be offset or the offset is too large, which is regarded as a defective product, and the lens must be replaced.

3) The optical magnification is:

4) The clarity is interpreted according to the correction block and the actual object imaging reflection.

3.L-shaped lens.

1) This lens is an ordinary industrial lens, you need to manually adjust the pupil focus, after the machine is installed, manually adjust the maximum magnification and the minimum magnification, the image is the same clear, if you can't adjust the clarity is regarded as a defective product, if the lens has shaking and other unstable factors after adjustment, it is also regarded as a defective product.

2) Check the coaxiality, that is, the maximum magnification to the minimum magnification are taken in the same position, and cannot be offset or the offset is too large, which is regarded as a defective product, and the lens must be replaced.

3) The optical magnification is:

4) The clarity is interpreted according to the correction block and the actual object imaging reflection.

4.Autozoom lens.

1) In order to automatically position the lens itself, the pupil focus has been adjusted, and it is necessary to check whether the clarity from the maximum magnification to the minimum magnification is consistent and clear.

2) Check the coaxiality, that is, the maximum magnification to the minimum magnification are taken in the same position, and cannot be offset or the offset is too large, which is regarded as a defective product, and the lens must be replaced.

3) The optical magnification is:

4) The clarity is interpreted according to the correction block and the actual object imaging reflection.

The lens has two fingers in film and television, one refers to the optical components used by the movie camera and projector to generate the image, and the other refers to a continuous picture shot from the start to the shutdown, or the clip between two editing points, which is also called a lens.

One finger and two fingers are two completely different concepts, in order to distinguish the difference between the two, one finger is often referred to as an optical lens, and the other is referred to as a lens picture. According to the origin of the lens, it is mainly classified as Japanese lenses and German lenses. The Japanese lens mainly has a better color reproduction, and the German lens has a strong sense of hierarchy.

Chinese lenses in the market are also gradually occupying a certain market, mainly because they are relatively cheap.

1. Macro lens. Macro lenses are lenses for close-up photography. Generally speaking, a macro lens is a prime lens, and as you can imagine from the meaning of the word macro, this kind of lens can zoom in on subjects such as small insects and flowers.

For example, the closest distance that can be shot with a standard lens with a 50mm focal length is 45cm, and the closest distance of a macro lens is generally around 25cm. The macro lens, which guarantees excellent image quality, is the reason why the minimum shooting distance has been reduced when shooting. Sometimes there is a macro function in the zoom lens, but this is not a built-in function to correct the difference, but simply to be able to shoot closer at the original focal length.

2. Fisheye lens. A fisheye lens is a lens with a focal length of about 7mm 16mm and an angle of view of 18mm0. Fish are able to perform at a viewing angle of 180mm**, which is why this is called a fisheye lens.

The normal angle of view of the human eye is about 50 mm, and it is not possible to see the top of the head and feet, or the left shoulder and right shoulder at the same time. But if you put a fisheye lens behind your eyes, you can take a picture of the entire subject in front of the lens because of the fisheye's 180 angle of view.

3. Reflective telescope. If you put a special mirror lens in the lens, it can be used in telephoto lenses, and you can make the focal length longer. The loop coefficient is fixed at 500mm focal length and f11 at 1000mm.

It is generally used for celestial observation of wild animals, and is characterized by the appearance of a ring in the background of the defocused part. It is very expensive compared to other lenses, and it is a special lens that is difficult for ordinary people to buy. Generally, they are super-telephoto prime lenses of 500mm or more, so they have excellent performance at long distances and vibrancy.

4. Celestial lens. You know, the celestial telescope is currently the main reflecting telescope. In order to concentrate as much light as possible, it is said that a large-aperture telescope is chosen, but because reflective lenses are cheaper than concave-convex mirrors, refracting telescopes are mainly used for aperture of 15 cm or less, and reflective telescopes are mainly used for aperture of 20 cm or more.

There are various types of focal lengths for celestial telescopes, generally ranging from 100mm to 2000mm, so a magnifying lens is required for further magnification.

5. Soft light lens Soft focus lens. The soft light lens can open the aperture factor to the maximum, and the soft light effect is more obvious at this time. Generally, ** is used to add one stop on a white background, and one stop to correct it on a dark background.

6. Tilt-shift lens. If you are in architectural or interior photography, you can move up and down, left and right, and can correct distortion (bending). Because this can adjust the sense of perspective, it is called a PC lens.

The barrel of this type of lens can also be moved up, down, left and right.

The above is the type of SLR lens introduced to you, I believe you have a certain understanding of this, I hope it can help you.

Panorama, Medium Panorama, Medium Close-up, Medium Close-up, Close-up, Wide Close-up, Full Close-up, Medium Close-up, Very Close Up.

1. Panoramic lens, also known as full-body lens, refers to the whole person appearing in the picture from head to toe, panoramic lens is generally used for two-person or multi-person pictures, due to the shrinking of the characters, the background behind them is clearer and more comprehensive, which can provide more background information to the audience and make the picture look more vivid.

2. Medium panorama refers to the part from the top of the head to the knees that appears in the picture.

3. The middle shot is from the top of the head to the part below the waistband, and as the camera gradually zooms in, the emotions of the characters will gradually amplify.

4. Medium and close-up scenes refer to only the top of the head to the waist in the picture, when the hands and feet are cut off outside the picture, the actor's performance must rely on facial expressions to show his performance, if it can not match the corresponding body movements, and there is no rich facial expression, then the camera can only convey a sluggish and rigid performance.

5. Only showing the chest above the chest in the picture is called a close-up, from the close-up scene, the actor must pay attention to the amplitude of the action, too much movement will run out of the picture, so the performance in front of the camera must find an accurate position, within the specified space to play their acting talents.

6. Only two shoulders are exposed, and the picture cut from the neckline is called a wide close-up, and the lens above the close-up is not often used in movies, but will appear frequently in TV dramas, because the size of the TV screen will not make people look exaggerated;

The oversized close-up in the movie screen will only give people a strong visual impact, unless there is a special performance, there will not be too many close-ups in the general film shooting.

7. Cutting up from the neck up is called a full close-up.

8. Only the head is called a medium close-up, as the camera closes in, other disturbances such as the background will be ignored, and the audience can only see the delicate performance of the actors, and they can also feel the complex inner and emotional changes of the characters.

9. The picture with only the eyes in the whole picture is called a very close close-up, which is often called a local close-up;

Of course, the local close-up is not necessarily just the eyes, but may also be other parts of the body.

There are three types of lenses, wide-angle lenses (which cover a wide range of areas in a single shot), standard lenses (which are similar to the field of view of the human eye), and telephoto lenses (which can zoom in on distant objects). The focal distance is referred to as the focal length and is measured in mm. The larger the focal length, the narrower the shooting range.

The focal length of a standard lens is about 50mm, and lenses smaller than 50mm are considered wide-angle lenses, and lenses larger than 50mm are considered telephoto lenses.

As mentioned earlier, lenses can also be divided into prime lenses with fixed focal lengths and zoom lenses that can be varied. In addition, there are some lenses with unique functions, such as macro lenses. It should be noted that although the prime lens has a single focal length, it does not mean that it is inconvenient.

On the contrary, general prime lenses have a relatively large aperture, so it is easy to shoot ** with a bokeh effect.

Among the above lenses, the wide-angle lens and the telephoto lens have a greater impact on the composition of **, which is described in detail in the tutorial. Mastering the characteristics of these lenses can greatly improve your compositional ability. For an excellent **, in addition to the function of the camera itself, the role of the lens cannot be ignored.

The same is true for composition.

In addition to focal length, the angle of view is often used to indicate the viewing range. The angle of view is the angle used to represent the scope of the view. The larger the value of the angle of view, the wider the shooting range and the wider the angle.

Conversely, the smaller the angle of view, the more telephoto it resembles. Therefore, the viewing range can be represented by the focal length and the angle of view. When buying lenses, take both of these features into account.

The lens can change the framing range, and it can change the photographic grid.