What are the types of poetry? What are the classifications of poetry

Poetry is a literary genre of lyrical speech. According to different classification criteria, it can be divided into many categories. It has the following four characteristics:

1) The content of poetry is the most concentrated reflection of social life. (2) Poetry is rich in emotion and imagination. (3) The language of poetry has the characteristics of conciseness, imagery, harmonious tone, and distinct rhythm.

4) The form of the poem: it is not a sentence as a unit, but a unit of action, and the lines are mainly based on rhythm rather than meaning.

1. Classification of ancient poems:

1. Classification according to rhythm:

It can be divided into two categories: ancient style poems and close style poems. Ancient style poetry and modern style poetry are concepts formed in the Tang Dynasty, which are divided from the perspective of the rhythm of poetry.

2. Classification by content:

It can be divided into narrative poems, lyric poems, farewell poems, side poems, landscape idylls, nostalgic poems (epic poems), poetry of songs, mourning poems, and allegorical poems.

2. Classification of new poems:

1.Narrative poems and lyric poems: this is divided according to the way in which the content of the work is expressed.

2.Metrical poems, free verses, prose poems, and rhyme poems: this is classified according to the phonological rhythm and structural form of the language of the work.

By content'It can be divided into idyllic poems and landscape poems.

From the subject matter of the poem, it can be divided into:

1. Write lyrical poems.

Lyrical poems that sing about landscapes and natural landscapes. In ancient times, due to dissatisfaction with reality, some poets often placed their affection on the mountains and rivers, and conveyed their thoughts and feelings by depicting the scenery of rivers and lakes and natural scenery. This kind of poem often places the emotions to be expressed in the scenery described later, which is often referred to as the allegorical scene.

Its style is fresh and natural.

2. Poetry of Yongwu Yanzhi.

The poet describes the shape, characteristics, charm, and character of the things he sings about, so as to express the poet's own feelings and express the poet's spirit, quality, or ideals.

3. Poetry of impromptu feelings.

Because of one thing, the poet's emotions are aroused, such as nostalgia, homesickness, and missing friends.

4. Nostalgic epic.

With historical allusions as the theme, or to express their own views, or to use the past to satirize the present, or to express the vicissitudes of change.

5. Poems of the Frontier Expedition.

Describe the scenery of the border and the military life of the soldiers on the border, or express their optimistic and heroic or lovesick emotions, the style is tragic and magnificent, and the gesture is bold.

First, according to the age and time of poetry, it can be divided into ancient style poetry, modern style poetry and modern poetry.

1. Ancient style poetry, also known as ancient style, classical poetry, is the poetry before the Tang Dynasty. Including "Book of Songs", "Chu Ci", "Yuefu Poems" and songs, lines, songs, chanting, etc.

Second, according to the way poetry is expressed, it can be divided into lyric poetry, narrative poetry and philosophical poetry.

Third, according to the content and theme of the poems, they can be divided into nostalgic poems, poems about people and things, landscape idylls, poems that should respond to the time, love poems of sadness, farewell friendship poems, nostalgic family poems, and poems of other themes.

It can be divided into narrative poems, lyric poems, farewell poems, side poems, landscape idylls, nostalgic poems (epic poems), poetry of things, mourning poems, allegorical poems, and modern poems.

1) Nostalgic poems.

It is generally nostalgic for ancient characters and deeds. Yongshi nostalgic poems often kink historical facts and reality together, or lament personal encounters, or criticize social reality. For example, Su Shi's "Nian Nujiao Chibi Nostalgia", lamenting personal encounters, the contradiction between ideals and reality, is more than half a hundred years old, and his achievements have not been successful.

Xin Qiji's "Yongyule Jingkou Beiguting Nostalgia" expresses his dissatisfaction with the imperial court and attacks social reality.

There are also poems that are just a calm and rational reflection and evaluation of history, or only an objective narrative, and the poet's own experience is not among them, and the poet's emotion is just a voice-over-the-picture. For example, Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane", the contrast between the present and the past, expresses the poet's sense of historical vicissitudes.

2) Poetry of Songs.

The characteristics of poetry are that the content takes a certain object as the object of description, and grasps some of its characteristics to deliberately describe. Ideologically, it is often a matter of words. From things to people, from reality to virtuality, write spiritual character. Metaphor, symbolism, personification, contrast and other expressive techniques are commonly used.

(3) Landscape idyll.

Xie Lingyun opened a precedent for landscape poetry, and Tao Yuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty opened a precedent for pastoral poetry, and developed to the Tang Dynasty, with a school of landscape idyll, represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. Landscape idylls are known for describing natural scenery, rural scenery and a comfortable and tranquil secluded life, with timeless and beautiful poetry, quiet and elegant style, and beautiful and refined language.

4) Side-Cyptic poems.

Since the pre-Qin Dynasty, there were poems with the theme of border and war, and developed to the Tang Dynasty, because the wars were still frequent, the rulers emphasized military force and light literature, and it was much easier for scholars to invite merit to the side court to win fame than by the imperial examination.

5) Travel poems and resentment poems.

The ancients were away for a long time, or wandered for a long time, or lived at the border for a long time, which always caused a strong feeling of homesickness and nostalgia, so there are many such poems, they either write about the thoughts of the detainee, or write about the thoughts of relatives and friends, or write about the homesickness of the people, or write about the boudoir and cherish the people. In writing, it may touch the scene and hurt the feelings, or feel the feelings, or convey the feelings of the objects, or send the feelings because of dreams, or convey the feelings of metaphors.

6) Farewell poems.

In ancient times, due to the inconvenience of transportation and the extremely underdeveloped communication, it was often difficult for relatives and friends to see each other for several years, so the ancients attached great importance to parting. On the occasion of parting, people often set up wine and candied farewells, folded willows to send each other, and sometimes chanted poems to say goodbye, so parting feelings have become an eternal theme of ancient literati. Due to the different circumstances of each person, the specific content and ideological tendencies written in the farewell poems are often different.

Some directly express the feelings of parting, some use it to vent their anger or express their intentions, some focus on writing about parting sorrow and hatred, some focus on exhortation, encouragement, comfort, and some both.

The sky is gray, the road is gray, the building is gray, and the rain is gray. In the midst of the dead ashes, two children walked by, one bright red and the other pale green. "Weight" Han Han, she put the bloody head on the balance of life, so that all the survivors lost their weight.

A cigarette, a mountain, a few clouds. A water, a bridge, a oar, a forest pine, a clump of bamboo, red leaves. The bright fields, the bright autumn scenes, the dream-like distinct, blurred, and fading.

Rush Urge! Is it the wheel or the time? Promotes the old Qiu Rong, and promotes the old life!

3. Ancient style poems. The earliest poems are the original poems of the pre-Qin period, also known as primitive ballads. Near-body poetry.

It was formed in the Tang Dynasty and became popular, so it was named near-style poetry in order to distinguish it from ancient style poetry. Modern poetry (also known as new poetry, free verse). It began with the May Fourth Movement.

The essence of poetry is characterized by lyrical beauty, and poetic beauty is the highest embodiment of the universal factor of artistic beauty.