The status of global water pollution, the situation of water pollution on the earth

People have always thought that the sea, land and air on the earth are endless, so they have never worried about sending tens of millions of tons of exhaust gases to the sky and dumping hundreds of millions of tons of garbage into the ocean. Everyone thinks that the world is so big, what is this waste? We are wrong, in fact, although the earth is large (more than 6,300 kilometers in radius), but living things can only live in the range of 8 kilometers above sea level to 11 kilometers under the sea, and 95% of the creatures can only live in the middle of about 3 kilometers

Marine pollution: mainly leakage from oil tankers and oil wells, pesticides and fertilizers used in farmland, sewage discharged from factories, and acidic solutions flowing from mines; They pollute most of the ocean's lakes and cause damage not only to marine life, but also to birds and humans who can be poisoned by eating them.

Land pollution: garbage cleaning has become an important problem in major cities, and many of the tens of millions of tons of garbage every day cannot be incinerated or corrupted, such as plastic, rubber, glass, aluminum and other waste, which has become the number one enemy of urban sanitation.

Air pollution: This is the most direct and serious, mainly from the carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide emitted by factories, cars, power plants, etc., and people are exposed to these dirty air every day and contract respiratory or visual diseases. If we continue to ignore the warnings of the experts, we will surely fall to the point where there is no pure land to live in in the future.

In the face of human selfishness and greed, the earth is suffering from serious environmental disasters. We should feel ashamed and guilty of handing over a traumatized Earth to the next generation. The environmental awareness of one generation represents the quality of the environment of that generation.

The earth is the mother of mankind, and protecting her and treating her well is the premise of the development of humanity itself, and the earth is not inherited from our ancestors, but borrowed from our children! The future belongs to the children, looking at their innocent eyes, what right do we have to overdraft the limited resources that belong to them, and how can we make a polluted earth even more devastated.

Perhaps, the childhood of mankind is gone? Polluted earth, ecological imbalance. Desertification of the environment. The mind becomes desertified.

Thus, humanity should be treated as a weary traveler in the negotiation room.

Longing for spring. Desire for green. Longing for friendship. Desire for sincerity.

Let us work with the children to create a blue sky, a clear water, a pure land, and a future with the fragrance of words.

The current situation of water pollution in China is mainly manifested as follows:

1.Water quality is seriously polluted: due to the sewage discharge of agricultural, industrial and domestic activities, as well as incomplete sewage treatment, the water bodies in both urban and rural areas are polluted to varying degrees.

According to monitoring data from the Ministry of Environmental Protection, less than 30% of China's waters have good water quality, while more than 20% have seriously polluted waters.

2.Water shortage: China has a large population, the total amount of water resources is insufficient, and the huge demand for urban and rural domestic water, industrial water and agricultural water has made China generally have the problem of water shortage.

According to statistics, China's total water resources rank sixth in the world, but its per capita water resources are only about 1.4 of the world average.

3.Insufficient sewage treatment: More than 60 billion tons of sewage are discharged into the water area in China, about half of which cannot be effectively treated through treatment facilities and is directly discharged into the water body, which makes the pollution of water resources increasingly deepen.

4.Ecosystem impact: Water pollution has a significant impact on ecological or slag systems, and contaminants in water can seriously affect the ecological environment of rivers, lakes and oceans, resulting in serious damage to aquatic ecosystems, further affecting biodiversity, productivity and high standards of living.

In order to improve the current situation of water pollution, China has formulated a series of countermeasures and policies, such as strengthening the management and protection of water resources, encouraging the conservation and recycling of water resources, strengthening the prevention and control of water pollution, improving the construction and treatment efficiency of sewage treatment facilities, and improving the public's environmental awareness and minimizing water pollution through subject education and environmental education. <>

The earth's surface2 3 is covered by water, but only freshwater resources, and the freshwater available to humans accounts for only the total amount of global water, and the whole world can only take fresh water from rivers and lakes.

China's total water resources are about 12 to the power of the 12th (including 800 billion m of groundwater), ranking sixth in the world, but according to the per capita occupancy of about 2200m, only 1 4 of the world's per capita occupancy, equivalent to 1 5 of the United States, 1 7 of Russia, ranking 100th in the world. (Therefore, China has been included in the list of water-poor countries in the world.) ）

PS: It is estimated that 400 500 billion m of sewage is discharged worldwide every year, accounting for more than 14% of global runoff. It has been argued that when the world's population grows to 8.3 billion by 2025, 1 2 percent of the population will suffer from moderate or high water scarcity if water resources are not developed and used irrationally.

Handmade, excerpted from the first section of the first chapter of "Water Treatment Engineering" published by South China University of Technology Press

March 22 is World Water Day, designated by the United Nations. Some scientists who specialize in the state of global water use have exclaimed that the problem of water pollution has become a "worldwide catastrophe".

According to a new survey published by two international charities, Water Aid and Tears**, up to 6,000 children and adolescents are dying every day worldwide due to poor water sanitation. Water pollution has become one of the most pressing health crises in the world.

The report also says that the problem of water pollution is particularly acute in developing countries where populations are growing rapidly. For example, in the 70s of the 20th century, the population of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, was only about 250,000. Today, 30 years later, more than 10 million people live in the city.

A **** in the city complained a few days ago: "Today, many areas of Dhaka city are simply sewage pits and septic tanks, and thousands of citizens have been without drinking clean and sanitary water for a long time." Moreover, the above situation is getting worse every minute......”

According to the report, the large concentration of rural and urban populations is the main reason for the increasing global phenomenon of water pollution. According to statistics, in recent years, the scale of rural-to-urban migration around the world has been increasing at a rate of 160,000 per day.

Recently, Ms. Brundtland, President of the World Health Organization, said: "Clean drinking water and proper sanitation are the most basic human rights. It is reported that the World Health Organization has formulated a "two-step" development plan to solve the global water pollution problem, namely:

By 2015, reduce the number of people in the world who do not have access to sanitary water for a long time by about half; By 2025, aim to have access to hygienic water for the vast majority of the world's population.

The assessment report is mainly based on the assessment of the quality of surface and groundwater, the degree of wastewater treatment and utilization, and the legislation and implementation of water resources protection and distribution.

According to the assessment report, due to insufficient investment in water conservation, more than 2 million tonnes of industrial wastewater in India are discharged directly into rivers, lakes and underground every day, causing widespread groundwater pollution and serious excesses of various chemical substances, including lead levels 20 times higher than those in industrialized countries with better wastewater treatment. In addition, the direct discharge of untreated domestic water also exacerbates the level of water pollution.

As the saying goes, one side of the water and soil supports the other side. Water pollution seriously affects the health of the population. The Ganges, the main river that flows through northern India, has been ranked among the most polluted rivers in the world.

The use of contaminated groundwater by local residents for drinking and cooking has led to many health problems, such as diarrhoea, hepatitis, typhoid fever and cholera. In New Delhi, the capital of India, households with conditions have installed water purifiers in their tap water facilities, and bottled purified water is also becoming more and more popular.

Due to the severe contamination of groundwater, 12 soft drinks currently sold in the Indian market have excessive levels of harmful residues. Some soft drinks contain 10 to 70 times more pesticide residues than the European standard.

If you don't cherish it yet, the last drop of water will be equivalent to blood! (Originally from People's Daily Online).

Human activities can pollute the water by discharging a large amount of industrial, agricultural and domestic waste into the water. At present, more than 420 billion cubic meters of sewage are discharged into rivers, lakes and seas around the world every year, polluting trillions of cubic meters of fresh water, which is equivalent to more than 14% of the world's total runoff.

The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, promulgated in 1984, provides a clear definition of "water pollution", that is, the phenomenon that the chemical, physical, biological or radioactive characteristics of a water body are changed due to the intervention of a certain substance, thereby affecting the effective use of water, endangering human health or damaging the ecological environment, and causing the deterioration of water quality is called water pollution.

The problem of water pollution is particularly acute in developing countries with rapidly growing populations, and the large concentration of rural population in urban areas is the main cause of the increasing global water pollution phenomenon, and in recent years, the scale of rural-urban migration has increased at a rate of 160,000 people per day worldwide.

At present, the following problems exist in the rational development and utilization of water resources in the world.

First, there has been a significant increase in global water use. According to the World Water Development Report released by UNESCO on the 13th of this month, global water consumption increased sixfold in the 20th century, and its growth rate is twice that of population. The report notes that meeting the growing global demand for water in the 21st century will depend on the effective management of available resources.

Second, the trend of urbanization has exacerbated the test of safe and rational water use. According to statistics, by 2007, half of the world's population will live in cities and towns. By 2030, the proportion of people living in urban areas will increase to nearly two-thirds of the world's population, causing a surge in urban water demand.

Third, there is an imbalance between developing and developed countries in the use of water resources. In many developing countries, drought and water scarcity have become a major cause of poverty and ecological degradation. At present, 75% of Europe's hydropower resources are exploited; However, in Africa, 60 per cent of the population does not have access to electricity, and the rate of exploitation of hydropower resources is low.

Sustainable development is the common responsibility of all countries in the world, and developed countries should give full play to their economic and technological advantages and take practical actions to help developing countries solve water problems. Developing countries should also rationally develop water resources in line with the concept of sustainable development.

The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the period 2005-2015 as the International Decade for Action, "Water for Life", in December 2003. Addressing the issue of safe drinking water for all in the world is an urgent issue of human development and human dignity. How to provide safe and clean water for all people in the world and how to better manage the world's water resources are urgent issues facing all countries in the world, because water is the lifeline of human survival and the lifeblood of sustainable development in the 21st century.