What are the characteristics of science? Is the science of mind a formal science?

Characteristics of science.

1. Monism.

2. Honesty can also be called strictness.

Third, the correct scientific line, that is, rigor.

Fourth, practice is the only criterion for testing truth.

Fifth, identity, can also be called rigor.

6. The dialectical relationship of scientific progress.

Seventh, science and technology develop in parallel.

From the library, you can take a look at the characteristics of science yourself.

The level is limited, and the second question can't help you.

Scientific thinking includes theoretical thinking, experimental thinking, and computational thinking. Scientific thinking is a theoretical system applied to scientific cognition activities and the ways and means of processing perceptual cognition materials. It is the organic integration of various scientific thinking methods in the process of the unity of truth understanding, and it is the product of human practical activities.

1. Theoretical thinking.

It refers to the thinking activity of solving problems based on scientific principles and concepts. For example, the theory that "water is the source of life" is used to explain the impact of drought on everything in the world. Also known as logical thinking.

2. Experimental thinking.

There are a number of things that are noteworthy in the researchers' yet** experiments. Both theoretical researchers and practitioners should take the results obtained from thought experiments as an important reference.

3. Computational thinking.

It is a series of thinking activities that cover the breadth of computer science, such as problem solving, system design, and understanding of human behavior, using the basic concepts of computer science.

1. Comparison: Comparison is a logical thinking method to determine the commonalities and differences between objects, and it is a preliminary method for scientific thinking to logically process the perceptual materials obtained by observation and experimentation;

2. Classification: on the basis of comparison. The system of classifying things with common points into one category, dividing things with differences into different classes, and dividing things with thousands of postures into different hierarchical levels with certain subordinate relationships is called classification;

3. Analysis: A way of thinking that divides the research object into various components, and then studies them separately to achieve an understanding of the internal structure and essence of things;

4. Synthesis: It is a thinking method that links all parts, aspects and factors of the research object to study, so as to understand and grasp the essence and laws of things as a whole;

5. Induction: It is the form of reasoning and research method of scientific thinking from individual to general;

6. Deductive: Deriving special conclusions and reasoning from universal premises, deductive reasoning has the forms of syllogism, hypothetical reasoning and selective reasoning.

Generally speaking, scientific thinking has the following main characteristics: objectivity, accuracy, testability, predictability and universality.

1.Objectivity: Scientific thinking should be based on reality, and it can faithfully reflect the essence and laws of things, that is, it strives to reflect the object of understanding in a truthful way.

This is the basis and necessary starting point for scientific thinking, and if we start from books or from certain theories and principles, and do not respect facts and do not attach importance to the results of practice, it cannot be scientific thinking.

2.Accuracy: Scientific thinking is not only thinking that conforms to the essence and laws of things, it is also thinking that follows certain logical rules, and can use a large number of thinking means and cognitive tools in the thinking process, so it has strong accuracy.

With the development of understanding and the improvement of cognitive ability, and with the continuous improvement of various means of thinking and cognitive tools, the level of accuracy of scientific thinking will become higher and higher.

3.Temiability: The reason why scientific thinking is scientific is that the results of its thinking can be verified, and scientific thinking is thinking that can stand the test of practice.

Scientific thinking is not thinking that does not make mistakes, but refers to thinking that can withstand the test of practice, and can constantly adhere to the truth and correct errors in the test of practice. What was right in the past, and as practice evolves, mistakes may arise today; Today is the right thing, with the development of practice, there is no guarantee that tomorrow will still be correct, therefore, scientific thinking is the thinking that does not leak the light and accepts the test of practice, and it is the thinking that constantly adheres to the truth and corrects mistakes.

Difference Between Scientific Thinking and Science:

Scientific thinking: also known as scientific logic, that is, the theoretical system that forms and applies to scientific cognitive activities and the ways and means of processing perceptual cognitive materials; It is the organic integration of various scientific thinking methods in the process of the unity of truth understanding, and it is the product of human practical activities.

Science**: It is a book published by Hunan Education Publishing House on April 1, 2010, and the author is (plus) Nielsen. Science is presented through multiple ways such as scientific experiments, activities, science around us, scientific people, computer applications, career links, concept maps, etc.

Historical Criteria for Scientific Thinking

1. Explain all the data that have been explained by the old theory.

In other words, you can't just pick and choose the data that is strong for you and ignore the data that is not good for you, otherwise it will not be as good as the old theory; The usual trick of those who preach the accuracy of fortune-telling and the effectiveness of prayer is to single out the coincidences of success and exaggerate them, while concealing countless examples of failure.

2. Compatible with other valid parallel theories.

The existence of other theories cannot be ignored. For example, if "scientific creationism" is to replace the "old" theory of evolution, it must not only explain all the data that has been well explained by evolution, but also ignore the results of other disciplines of modern biology, astronomy, geology, physics, chemistry, etc., which are very well compatible with evolutionary theory. Similarly, if some people claim that "qigong science" is the most cutting-edge science, then it must not only accommodate the research results of modern medicine, but also not contradict parallel disciplines such as physics, chemistry, and biology.

The scientific thinking of management does not include divergent thinking, including historical thinking, dialectical thinking, and innovative thinking.

Scientific thinking: also known as scientific logic, that is, the theoretical system that forms and applies to scientific cognitive activities and the ways and means of processing perceptual cognitive materials; It is the organic integration of various scientific thinking methods in the process of the unity of truth understanding, and it is the product of human practical activities.

Scientific. The founder was Friy Winslow Taylor. Taylor's scientific management is proposed in response to traditional empirical management, and its central problem is to improve labor productivity.

Modern economics and management education summarizes scientific management as: science, rather than acting on experience alone; Harmony, not cooperation; cooperation, not individualism; To maximize the output, replace the limited output, everyone to play the greatest work efficiency, the greatest success, is to replace the low-cost production mode with high-efficiency production mode, in order to strengthen the control of labor costs.

The meaning and characteristics of scientific thinking are as follows:Scientific thinking is an indirect, generalized and active reflection of the conscious human brain on the essential attributes, internal laws and connections and interrelationships between things in nature (including objects, processes, phenomena, facts, etc.). Scientific thinking refers to the habit and ability to respect facts and evidence, advocate a rigorous and pragmatic attitude towards knowledge, use scientific thinking methods to understand things, and solve practical problems.

This definition considers scientific thinking to be an attitude, habit, and ability.

Scientific thinking refers to the reflection of people's cognitive behavior, cognitive mode and cognitive quality of objective things in nature. Scientific thinking at the level of science education in secondary schools also includes the cognitive motivation to motivate students to "advocate true knowledge and pursue scientific knowledge". Advocating true knowledge and recognizing the role of scientific knowledge, principles and methods in solving problems; Respect facts and evidence, and take facts and evidence as the starting point of scientific thinking; Correct logical analysis, using scientific thinking methods to understand things and the connections between things.

The structure of the characteristics of scientific thinkingCognitive motivation is the starting point of scientific thinking, and only on the basis of "advocating true knowledge and pursuing scientific knowledge, principles and methods" will we believe in science, conduct scientific analysis, and produce cognitive behaviors of "respecting facts and evidence"Respecting facts and evidence" is the premise of scientific thinking; In the process of cognition, it is necessary to insist on questioning and criticizing the spirit and quality of cognition.