Introduction to direct current iontophoresis therapy for direct current drug iontophoresis

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1) It will not destroy the pharmacological effect of the imported drug, and the imported drug has a wanton rotation component;

2) does not damage the laceration letter injury** and mucous membrane, and directly enters the tissue; higher concentrations of the drug in local superficial tissues;

3) Intradermal drug ion stack is formed, which has a long time of action and less action;

4) It has the combined effect of direct current and drug, and the curative effect is higher than that of direct current alone or drug ** alone;

5) It has a nerve reflex effect.

In a drug solution, a part of the drug dissociates into ions, and under the action of direct current, anions and cations move directionally. If the cathode liner contains negatively charged drug ions or the anode liner contains positively charged drug ions, it will move towards the body and enter the body. 1.

According to the principle of same-sex charge repulsion and opposite-sex charge attraction, the drug ions are introduced into the body through a complete ** by direct current energy.

2.Drugs introduced into the body by direct current retain their original pharmacological properties.

3.Cations can only be imported from the anode, and anions can only be imported from the cathode.

2) The depth of distribution of the drug into the human body has been proven that drug ions mainly enter the skin through the orifice and pores of the sweat glands (figure or enter the mucosal tissue through the space of mucosal epithelial cells. The inner diameter of the sweat duct is 15 80, so the protein (1 100m) is equal to the ions of macromolecular substances and can be introduced into the body through the sweat pores. In an electric field, ions move very slowly.

Experiments have shown that glutamate moves 13 mm per hour in physiological solutions (pH, voltage 180 V, current intensity 3 mA), while only a few millimeters per hour in human tissues. Direct current directly introduces ions only into the skin, mainly accumulating in the epidermis to form an "ion pile", and then gradually enter the lymph and blood through osmosis. After entering the blood circulation, some drugs selectively stay in a certain organ and tissue, such as iodine, which mainly stays in the thyroid gland; Phosphorus accumulates in the central nervous system and bones.

The polarity of effective iontophoresis can be determined based on the chemical structure. In general, metals, alkaloids are positively charged from the anode, and non-metals, acids are negatively charged from the cathode. However, amino acids, peptides, and enzyme proteins are amphoteric electrolytes, and their polarity is closely related to the pH value of the solvent.

Different amphoteric electrolytes have different isoelectric points, and when the solution is close to or equivalent to the isoelectric point, the movement of the species in the electric field is effectively equal to dispersion, i.e., direct current does not work. This is because the solute is electrically neutral at the isoelectric point, and the drug can only be positively or negatively charged when the pH of the solvent is far away from the isoelectric point. Each amino acid has its own optimal pH, and the mobility is greatest at this time.

(1) The method of the liner method is basically the same as that of direct current, and the differences and precautions are as follows

1.After the filter paper or gauze with the same area as the action electrode is soaked with the medicinal solution, it is placed on the **part**, and then the liner and lead sheet are placed on it; The filter paper or gauze under the non-action electrode can be soaked with ordinary warm water. The polarity of the import should be correct.

2.Minimize parasitic ions on the acting electrodes. Pharmaceutical solvents are generally distilled water

Wine. sperm or grape solution; It is best to use only one drug per liner (including gauze).

3.In order to prevent some drugs from being destroyed by electrolytes, non-polarized electrodes are used, that is, liners, filter papers, liners and aluminum sheets soaked in the silk flush are placed on the gauze soaked with the chemical solution. Allergy testing should be done before penicillin is introduced.

Examples of the most commonly used methods for the gasket method:

1.Occipital method: two 3 4cm2 oval-shaped electrodes are placed on the closed eyes, (first drop the liquid into the eye) with a bifurcated wire to connect one pole, and the other pole 60cm2 is placed on the occipital part.

2.Frontal pillow method: one 5 10 cm2 electrode is placed in the frontal area, and another 7 10 cm2 electrode is placed in the occipital part.

3.Facial** method: one E-shape is placed on the face of the affected side, and the other 150 200 cm2 electrode is placed in the interscapular area.

4.Precordial area** method: two 10 15 cm2 electrodes are placed in the precordial area and the left back, respectively.

5.Mammary reflex ** method: two with a diameter of 12 cm.

The transdermal absorption performance of ionotropic drugs is poor, and direct current drug iontophoresis can be used to promote the transdermal absorption of drugs.

Direct current drug iontophoresis refers to a physical permeabilization method of transdermal drug delivery that can effectively increase the transdermal absorption of ionic drugs under the action of the electric field applied by the ion-conducting instrument.

Cationic drugs are permeable at the anode**, while anionic drugs are permeable at the cathode**, and neutral molecular drugs can also be permeable by electroosmosis.

The iontophoresis system has 3 bases.

This component is the power drug storage system and the reflux storage system. When the two electrodes touch the ** surface, the power supply is electrically charged.

The sub-flow reaches the drug storage system, where the ionic drug forms an ion flow and passes through **, and then turns to the reflux system below **.

system, eventually back to **, into the reflux system, and then into the flow of electrons. Therefore, iontophoresis is a two-way process, which can both bring ions into the body and move them out of the body.

Features: A large number of solvents and matrices with no value do not enter the body; The drug can be directly introduced into the more superficial lesions, and the concentration in the local superficial tissue is higher and the action time is long.

What it means: The method of using direct current to introduce drug ions into the body through **, mucous membranes, or wounds is called direct current drug delivery**.

Basic principle: use positive and negative electrodes to form a direct current electric field outside the human body, and add drugs with anion and ions to the direct current electric field, using electricity"Like-sex repels each other, opposites attract"The principle of making the cations in the drug from the anode and the anions from the cathode into the body to achieve the purpose of the disease.

Contraindications: Patients with malignant tumors; Patients with hematologic malignancies; **Patients with acute eczema; Patients with lesions of important organs; Patients who are allergic to direct current; Patients with sensory insensitivity or sensory loss due to nerve damage in the limbs, as well as patients with severe disease or impairment at the site of the preset metal electrode plate.

3. All indications1neuritis, neuralgia, radiculitis, nerve damage, autonomic dysfunction, headache, migraine, neurasthenia, arachnoiditis.

2.Soft tissue-specific infection, sinus tract, ischemic ulcer, chronic phlebitis, lymphangitis.

3.Radiation ** reactions, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, urticaria.

4.Corneal opacity, iridocyclitis, central retinal choroiditis, keratitis.

5.Hypertension, coronary insufficiency, gastroduodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis.

6.Chronic prostatitis, functional uterine bleeding.

Contraindications: acute eczema, allergy to direct current, heart failure, bleeding tendency disease, etc.

Appendix: Examples of prescriptions.

Indications are corneal opacity, intraocular old hemorrhage, sequelae of head injury, cerebral arachnoiditis.

1 10% potassium iodide direct current eye occipital cathode introduction once a day 20 25 minutes 18 times.

Corneal opacity, old intraocular hemorrhage, sequelae of craniocerebral injury, cerebral arachnoiditis.

2 Nufcaine direct current is introduced into the neck (+) 8 6 cm2 and the anterior chest ( ) 10 8 cm2 diagonally opposed, once a day, 20 25 minutes, 6 times.

Indications: Laryngeal radiation**.

3.10% calcium chloride direct current whole body anode introduction once a day 20 25 minutes 18 times.

Indications: Allergic purpura.

4.2% vitamin B1 direct current waist (+) juxtaposed with peroneal muscles on both sides ( ).

Once a day for 20 minutes for 25 minutes 18 times.

Indications: lumbosacral radiculitis.

5.The 2% flavonoid flavonoids are positioned anteriorly and anteriorly in the left back (+).

15 times a day for 20 minutes 15 times.

Indications: Coronary heart disease.

6.50 100 units hyaluronidase direct current anode introduction.

18 times a day for 25 to 30 minutes.

Indications: fresh scars after burns or surgery, palm contractures, traumatic swelling, hematoma, scleroderma, infantile muscular torticollis.

Note: The hyaluronidase solution is unstable and should be prepared before use, and the solvent is added to 100ml with buffer (sodium acetate, glacial acetic acid, distilled water), 150 units per ampoule of the drug, and 250ml of buffer.

Be careful that cerebral palsy, jaundice, and postoperative surgery can be used with this ba2o08l|Type I MF?

Soak the medicine to be introduced in the electrode piece such as cotton or sponge, assuming that the medicine is negatively charged, put the medicine on the negative electrode, and vice versa, and use the same electrical repulsion to pass direct current to make the drug enter the body.

1. Basic theory of drug introduction:

Direct current iontophoresis is based on the principle of repulsion of similar charges and attraction of opposite charges in the direct current electric field, so that drug ions are introduced into the human body through intact ** or mucous membranes. Many experimental clinical observations have proved that ions with different charges can be introduced into the human body under the action of direct current. The cations are introduced from the anode, while the anions are introduced into the body from the cathode.

The surface of the human body has a large number of pores, glands and openings in sweat ducts. The main channel through which drug ions are introduced into the body through direct current is the excretory pore of the sweat ducts. An ion pile is formed in the **, and a part of the drug ions enter the ** through the mouth of the sweat gland, and then remain on the surface of the ** for a long time, forming the so-called "** ion pile", and then gradually enter the blood repentance.

Different types of drug ions stay in the ** memory for different periods of time, which can be as short as a few hours or as long as dozens of days. For example, after neomycin is introduced into the body by direct current, it can remain in the local ** for 3 6 hours, streptomycin for 6 12 hours, and penicillin for 6 24 hours. Iodine is 15 for 20 days, and adrenaline can also accumulate in the local ** layer for up to 20 days.

After iontophoresis into the body, some drugs can selectively stay in organs that have an affinity for the drug. For example, most of the iodine ions remain in the thyroid gland after being introduced into the body by direct current. Phosphorus, on the other hand, mainly accumulates in the central nervous system and bones.

3. The concentration of the liquid medicine introduced into the body:

It is related to various factors such as current intensity, energizing time, parasitic ions, etc.

Experiments show that when the concentration of some commonly used solutions is less than 5%, the introduction amount increases with the increase of concentration. However, when the concentration of Lingjiao is greater than 5%, the amount of drug introduction is hardly increasing. The amount of drug introduced into the body is proportional to the current intensity and the time of energizing within a certain range. However, when the current intensity increases to a certain value and the power-on time exceeds 30 minutes, the introduction of Yaobiwangshan material does not increase.

4. The most commonly used drug iontophoresis is the GZ-IIIC drug introduction hyperthermia instrument, which uses low-frequency modulation of medium-frequency pulse current and drug guidance, and combines medium-frequency electricity and drug introduction to achieve the best effect on the disease, which has been clinically verified and proved to have definite curative effect. It is suitable for all kinds of bone hyperplasia and bone spurs formed at the edge of other joints, synovial hypertrophy, etc., and has been clinically proven to have good effects on other swelling and pain and muscle and soft tissue injuries (frozen shoulder, lumbar muscle strain, sprain, contusion), simple and easy to understand, safe to use, easy to carry, especially suitable for clinic and home use.

When choosing iontophoresis as the best method, it is necessary to understand the patient's condition, ask about the medical history and drug history, and note that not every patient is suitable for use, so as to avoid that in addition to losing the desired effect, it may even cause more serious harm to the patient.

What is the maximum voltage of the DC drug delivery meter.