What structures of plant cells can be observed under the microscope

1.*Cell Wall**: The outermost layer of plant cells, which plays a role in protecting and supporting cells.

2.*Cell membrane**: A very thin membrane that clings to the inside of the cell wall, which is not easy to see under a light microscope, and plays a protective role and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

3.Nucleus: An important part of the cell that stores and manages genetic information.

4.Cytoplasm: The substance within the cell membrane other than the nucleus, including some organelles such as vacuoles and chloroplasts.

5.Chloroplasts: small green organs in the cytoplasm that are the site of photosynthesis in plants.

6.Vacuoles: vesicles-like structures in the cytoplasm that store water and regulate osmotic pressure inside and outside cells.

The above are some of the main structures of plant cells that can be observed under the microscope, the internal structure of plant cells is complex and diverse, and it is recommended to consult a botanist or consult the relevant literature for more details.

Cell membrane (the cell wall of a plant cell can only be seen when the plasma wall is separated, and the cell membrane and cell wall of normal cells are together), cytoplasm: organelles that can be seen: mitochondria (blue-green dots can only be seen by staining with genagreen), chloroplasts, vacuoles, and the complete structure of the nucleus (the nuclear membrane, nuclear pores, etc. are indistinguishable).

The cell membrane of plant cells cannot be observed under a light microscope. The cell membrane is a transparent and extremely thin membrane that adheres to the cell wall, which has the effect of controlling entry and exit, so that useful substances cannot arbitrarily exude into the cell, and harmful substances cannot easily enter the cell, which is not easy to observe under the microscope.

For cells: cell wall, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi apparatus, etc. can be directly observed under the light microscope, which belongs to the microstructure.

The microscope uses the magnification imaging principle of the convex lens to enlarge the tiny objects that the human eye can not distinguish to the size that the human eye can distinguish, which is mainly to increase the opening angle of the near tiny objects to the eye (objects with a large viewing angle are imaged on the retina), and use the angular magnification m to represent their magnification ability.

Optical microscope structure.

The structure of an ordinary optical microscope is mainly divided into three parts: the mechanical part, the illumination part, and the optical part.

1. Mechanical part.

1) Lens holder: It is the base of the microscope to support the entire mirror body.

2) Mirror column: It is the upright part of the mirror base, which is used to connect the mirror base and the mirror arm.

3) Mirror arm: One end is connected to the mirror column and the other end is connected to the lens barrel, which is the part of the hand when taking and placing the microscope.

4) Lens tube: Connected to the front of the mirror arm, the upper end of the lens barrel is equipped with an eyepiece, and the lower end is equipped with an objective lens converter.

5) Objective converter (rotator) referred to as "rotator": connected to the bottom of the prism shell, can rotate freely, there are 3 4 round holes on the disk, which is the installation of the objective lens part, and the rotation converter can change the objective lens of different magnifications.

When the sound of knocking is heard, observation can be carried out, at which time the optical axis of the objective lens is exactly aligned with the center of the clear hole, and the optical path is turned on. After changing the objective, the coarse adjuster is not allowed, only the fine adjuster can be used to make the image clear.

6) mirror stage (stage): below the lens tube, the shape is square and round, used to place the slide specimen, there is a light hole, the microscope we use is equipped with a slide specimen propeller (push table) on the mirror table, there is a spring clamp on the left side of the propeller to clamp the slide specimen, and there is a propeller adjustment wheel under the lens table, which can make the slide specimen move left and right, front and back.

Plants have cell walls, animals don't.

A test question analysis: the cell wall is the outermost layer of the thinner wall of plant cells, which plays the role of protecting and supporting the cell; The cell membrane is a very thin membrane that is close to the inner side of the cell wall, which is not easy to see clearly under the optical microscope, which has the effect of protecting and controlling the entry and exit of substances, allowing useful substances to enter the cell and other substances out of the cell, and at the same time, it can also discharge the waste produced in the cell to the outside of the cell; Approximately spherical is the nucleus, which contains the genetic material DNA, and the DNA has all the information that guides the development of organisms and controls the development and heredity of organisms; Cytoplasm is a structure within the cell membrane and outside the nucleus, and there are vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and a variety of substances are dissolved in the cell fluid in the vacuole

Comments: This question is a basic question, which is easy, and the key to solving this question is to be proficient in the structure and function of cells.

In the ordinary light microscope can see the cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplast, the cell membrane is too thin, and close to the cell wall, can not be seen clearly, in addition to the basic structure of some plant cell cells that is the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, but in fact, the cell membrane is very thin, usually close to the cell wall, only when the plasma wall is separated.

There are no chloroplasts, such as onion scales, leaf epidermal cells, and vacuoles are not visible because they are transparent.

【Answer】b

Answer analysis] test question analysis: the cell wall is the outermost layer of transparent thin wall, which has a protective and supportive effect, the cell membrane is a very thin membrane close to the inner side of the cell wall, which is not easy to see clearly under the optical microscope, and has the ability to protect and control the entry and exit of substances, the nucleus is an approximately spherical structure of plant cells, which stores and transmits genetic information, and is the control center of heredity, and the cytoplasm is a structure within the cell membrane and outside the nucleus, which has fluidity and accelerates the exchange of substances between the cell and the outside world, so B is selected.

Test Center: This question examines the structure of plant cells.

1) When observing an object with a microscope, when the light is strong, the object can reflect more light and make the image clearer When the light is darker, rely on the concave mirror to reflect more light, making the object brighter and the image clearer Xiao Xunfeng Zaoming saw the cell structure of the onion epidermis under the low magnification, and gently moved the microscope to Xiao Yan to show her, but Xiao Yan saw a darker field of vision, the reason is that the light of the microscope is affected when moving, so in order to make the image clearer, the object should be brighter, and the first thing she should operate is to adjust the reflector

2) The image of the embedded object seen by the microscope is not only upside down, but also upside down There is a small trick to doing this kind of problem, which is to write the letter "b" on a small piece of paper, and then rotate the paper 180 degrees to see the image under the microscope

3) According to the microscope into an inverted sparrow, the moving direction of the image is opposite to the moving direction of the slide, so moving the slide specimen to the upper right will move the image to the lower left

So the answer is: (1) to light.

2) bq3) bottom left.

It can be divided into three layers, namely the intercellular layer, the primary wall and the secondary wall.

Intercellular layer: Sticks adjacent cells together to form tissue.

Primary wall: On both sides of the intercellular layer, all plant cells have it.

Secondary wall: In the middle of the primary wall, it is divided into three layers: outer, middle and inner, and sometimes one layer can appear in the inner layer.