Who completes the theory of checks and balances ?

French Enlightenment thinker Montesquieu.

The principle of separation of powers and checks and balances has two meanings: first, the division of political power into different types according to different functions; Second, the formation of mutual restraint between the powers of different functions. The implementation of the principle of separation of powers, checks and balances in the setup of state institutions is usually embodied in the establishment of different power organs according to different functions and powers, and these power organs have the power to supervise and veto each other.

Dan hand. <> the Separation of Powers Chart of the United States.

It is divided into three factors:

The first factor is to divide the ** institutions into three categories: the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.

The second factor is that all ** activities can be classified as the exercise of legislative, executive and judicial functions, each of which should be delegated separately to the appropriate or "proper" ** department.

The third factor is "separation of personnel", that is, the three departments of ** should be composed of quite separate and different groups of people, and there is no overlap in the identity of the members, that is, the ** functions must be held in different hands to protect civil liberties.

The U.S. Constitution establishes the separation of powers.

In the history of Western political thought, the idea of separation of powers has a long history, and its roots can be traced back to Aristotle in ancient Greece.

One of the first people in modern times to explicitly put forward the idea of separation of powers was John Locke, a 17th-century English political thinker. Locke lived in the era of the bourgeois revolution in England, and after the success of the revolution, on the basis of summing up the revolutionary experience and absorbing the ideas of his predecessors on the mixed form of government, he systematically put forward his idea of separation of powers, thus initially laying the theoretical foundation for the organizational form of modern Western countries.

Separation of powers (separation of powers) means that state power cannot be concentrated in a certain department or a part of the state apparatus, but should be reasonably divided into several parts, which are held by different state organs (departments) and different people granted by the constitution. That is, the separation of power in the three factors of organization, function and personnel.

Checks and balances: If the separation of institutions, functions and personnel is followed, then each department will become a check on the exercise of arbitrary power by other departments, and achieve a balance and coordination of the power of each department.

Separation of powers and checks and balances means that state power is divided into relatively independent parts according to its nature and role, which are respectively held by different state organs and different personnel, and so that various organs check each other.

The purpose of the separation of powers is to prevent power from being in the hands of one person, which is easy to cause centralization, which is very unfavorable to social development, and checks and balances are to supervise and put pressure on each other through the relative power parties, which is also to avoid the centralization of power.

But then again, the separation of power organs has caused a variety of institutions, multi-institutionalization, in the handling of affairs is more troublesome, time and resource consumption is large, the efficiency is relatively low, China's administrative organs and other work efficiency is actually also this factor, coupled with the inaction of agency personnel, then it leads to a decline in efficiency.

The theory of separation of powers can be traced back to Plato's doctrine of mixed polity in the Republic. Plato believed that the mixed form of government combines the wisdom and virtue of the monarchy, and the freedom of the democratic form of government is the best and most stable form of government.

The representative of decentralization is Aristotle. Aristotle, in his book "Politics", discussed the three elements of the form of government, namely the deliberative function, the administrative function and the judicial function, which can be said to be the germ of the doctrine of separation of powers.

The doctrine of separation of powers almost disappeared in the Middle Ages in Western Europe. It was not until modern times that the bourgeoisie, as a new class in the struggle against feudal forces, developed the theory of separation of powers into a relatively complete doctrine. Its representatives are Locke in England and Montesquieu in France.

Locke's theory of separation of powers was in line with the interests and demands of the bourgeoisie, but with a compromise in that it recognized the power of the king. Locke's theory of separation of powers is very unscientific in terms of the division of state power. He also spoke only of the division of powers between the two powers, and did not deal with the checks and balances between them.

Thus, Locke was only the founder of the modern doctrine of separation of powers.

Polybia Polybia.

Summary. Extended information: Separation of powers and checks and balances, including the meaning of both powers and checks and balances.

Separation of powers refers to the division of state power into three parts: legislative, judicial, and executive, and is exercised independently by the three state organs. Checks and balances refer to the relationship between the three state organs in the process of exercising their powers.

Hello, after inquiring about the sub-trade-off system and the sub-checks and balances, this is a meaning!

The separation of powers and checks and balances is an important legal principle commonly used by Western countries in the political system and other countries' management activities. After the democratic revolution, the system of "separation of powers" formed by the theory of separation of powers, checks and balances, was widely adopted by various Western countries, and was embodied in different forms.

Extended information: Separation of powers and checks and balances, including the significance of decentralization and checks and balances in the stalls. Separation of powers refers to the division of state power into three parts: legislative, judicial, and administrative, and exercised by the three state organs in a separate chain; The balance of restraint and defense refers to the maintenance of a relationship of mutual restraint and balance between the three state organs in the process of exercising power.