What are the characteristics of automotive electrical systems? What are the four characteristics of

Characteristics of the electrical system of the automotive electrical system The automotive electrical system has the following four characteristics:

1 Low pressure. The rated voltage of the automotive electrical system.

There are two types of 12V (V), gasoline vehicles generally use 12V electric system, while diesel vehicles mostly use 24V electric system. The rated operating terminal voltage of electrical products is 14V for the 12V electric system of the power generation device; 28V for 24V electrical system. The voltage of the electrical equipment should be able to work normally when it fluctuates within the range of times the rated voltage.

2 DC. The use of DC in the automotive electrical system is because the starter of the starting engine is a DC series motor, which must be powered by a battery when it works, and the battery must use direct current after consuming electric energy.

to recharge. 3 Single-wire system.

It refers to the wiring mode from the power supply to the electrical equipment with only one wire, and the other wire is replaced by the metal part such as the car body, the engine, etc. as the wiring mode of the electrical circuit, which has the advantages of saving wires, simplifying the circuit, facilitating installation and maintenance, and the electrical components do not need to be insulated with the car body and are widely used. However, in individual cases, the two-wire system is also used.

4 Negative pole tie iron.

When the single-wire system is adopted, the negative pole of the battery must be connected to the car body with a wire, which is called the negative electrode tie iron, which is stipulated in the national standard and is also a necessary condition for the normal operation of the alternator.

Characteristics of automotive electrical appliances: 1. Low voltage, gasoline engine is generally 12V, diesel engine in parallel. 3 Single-wire system. 4 Negative pole tie iron.

1.Low pressure 2DC 3Single-wire system 4The negative pole is satisfied.

Low-voltage, DC, single-wire, negative electrode tie. Automotive electronic equipment, the use of modern microcomputer technology, control technology, power electronics technology, sensor technology in automobiles, to improve vehicle dynamics, economy, energy saving and emission reduction, as well as improve safety, control stability, reliability, comfort of devices or equipment.

The main equipment and functions are as follows.

Electronically Controlled Fuel Injection (EFI). According to the given control strategy, the amount of fuel injection is automatically controlled to achieve the expected control targets such as power, fuel consumption, emissions, etc.

Electronic ignition device (ESA). According to the various parameters of the engine transmitted by the sensor, it can be calculated and judged, and then the ignition time can be adjusted.

Electronically controlled automatic transmission (ECAT). The position of the gear lever can be automatically changed according to the load and speed of the engine, as well as the vehicle speed, the working state of the brakes and various parameters controlled by the driver.

1. The single-wire system is to use metal parts such as automobile engine, chassis and body as the common connection of various electrical equipment, and only one other wire is required from the electrical equipment to the power supply. The current in any circuit starts from the positive pole of the power supply, flows into the electrical equipment through the wire, and flows back to the negative pole of the power supply through the metal frame to form a loop. 2. When the negative pole is single-wired, one of the electrodes of the battery is connected to the metal body such as the engine or chassis with a wire.

If the negative pole of the battery is connected to the metal car body, it is called the negative electrode lap iron; On the contrary, if the positive pole of the battery is connected to the metal car body, it is called the positive pole tie. 3. The two power supplies are the battery and the generator. The battery is an auxiliary power source, which supplies power to the relevant electrical equipment when the car is not running; The generator is the main power supply, when the engine runs to a certain speed, the generator speed reaches the specified power generation speed, and begins to supply power to the relevant electrical equipment, and the battery is charged at the same time.

4. The parallel connection of electrical equipment means that all kinds of electrical equipment on the car are connected to the power supply in parallel, and each electrical equipment is controlled by a special switch in its branch in series, without interfering with each other. 5. The electrical equipment of low-voltage DC power supply vehicles adopts low-voltage DC power supply, diesel vehicles are mostly powered by 24V DC voltage, and gasoline vehicles are mostly powered by 12V DC voltage.

Characteristics of automotive electrical system 1, low voltage - gasoline vehicles mostly use 12V, diesel vehicles mostly use 24V. 2. DC - mainly from the charging of the battery. 3 Single-wire system.

1. The composition of modern automobile electrical equipment.

Automotive electrical equipment is mainly composed of three parts: power supply, electrical equipment, and control switch.

1. Power supply. Automotive power supplies include: batteries, generators, and regulators.

2. Electrical equipment.

1) Starting system.

It is used to start the engine, mainly including the starter and the control circuit.

2) Vehicle electric system.

1: Two power sources, including a battery and a generator. The battery is the auxiliary power supply, and the generator is the main power supply, which can effectively use the power equipment in different situations, and at the same time prolong the power supply time of the battery.

2: low-voltage DC, the car uses low-voltage DC, the standard voltage is 12V 24V, and the gasoline vehicle generally uses 12V; Diesel vehicles generally use 24V 3：

Parallel circuit: Parallel connection of electrical equipment.

4 Negative pole tie iron. At present, most of the cars produced in various countries around the world use the negative pole tie iron method, and a few models use the positive pole tie iron.

It adopts low-voltage, single-wire system and parallel circuit.

The electrical equipment of the car is connected in parallelEach electrical device is controlled by a dedicated switch connected in series in its branch and does not interfere with each other. When repairing the automobile circuit, it is possible to disassemble and assemble a certain electrical equipment separately and conveniently without affecting other electrical equipment.

The composition of the electrical system of the car.

The whole car circuit (or whole car circuit) is based on the working characteristics of the automotive electrical system (including power supply system, starting system, ignition system, lighting and signal system, instrument and alarm system, electronic control device and auxiliary electrical appliances, etc.) and the interconnection between the systems, the use of fuse.

Switches, wires and other equipment are connected to form a whole line. Figure 1-134 shows the Volkswagen Golf.

Electrical components for the whole car. Distribution.

Characteristics of automobile electrical: 1. Direct current: the battery must be charged with DC power supply after discharge.

2. Low-voltage power supply: The rated voltage of the automotive electrical system is 12V and 24V. 3. Adopt a single-line system

Generally speaking, the connection between the general electrical equipment and the power supply requires two wires, one is the live wire and the other is the neutral wire. 4 Negative pole tie iron.

1.Two power supplies 2Low voltage DC 3Parallel single-line 4The negative electrode hits the iron.

1. Two power supplies.

The so-called two power sources refer to the two power supply sources of the battery and the generator. The battery is an auxiliary power supply, which supplies power to the relevant electrical equipment when the car is not in operation; The generator is the main power supply, when the generator runs to a certain speed, the generator speed reaches the specified speed of the power generation, and begins to supply power to the relevant electrical equipment, and the battery is charged at the same time.

In the car, the generator and the battery are connected in parallel, so Wu Feng is able to form the power supply of the complete automobile circuit. The battery is a reversible DC power source. It can convert both chemical energy into electrical energy and electrical energy into chemical energy.

Having an independent power supply circuit is one of the peculiarities of automotive circuits.

The connection between the two is that the generator starts by the starter, and the power supply of the starter is the battery, and when the electric energy of the battery is consumed, it must be charged with direct current, so the electrical system of the car is a DC system.

2. Low-voltage DC power supply.

The automotive electrical equipment is powered by low-voltage DC, i.e., 12V and 24V. At present, 12V is commonly used for gasoline vehicles and 24V is used for diesel vehicles.

3 Single-wire system.

All the electrical equipment on the car is connected in parallel, and the power supply to the electrical equipment is connected by only one wire, and the metal body of the car is used as a common circuit, which is called a single-wire system. Because the single-wire system saves wires, the lines are clear, the installation and maintenance are convenient, and the electrical equipment does not need to be insulated from the car body, the single-wire system is widely used in modern automobiles.

4. Negative electrode lap iron (grounding).

In the case of a single-wire system, one of the electrodes of the battery is connected to the frame (metal body such as the engine or chassis) with a wire. If the negative pole of the battery is connected to the metal car body, it is called "negative pole tie iron" (grounding); On the contrary, if the positive pole of the battery is connected to the metal car body, it is called the positive pole tie. At present, the cars produced in various countries basically adopt the "negative pole tie iron" method.

5. Parallel connection of electrical equipment.

The so-called parallel connection of electrical equipment means that all kinds of electrical equipment on the car are connected to the power supply in parallel, and each electrical equipment is controlled by a special switch in its branch in series, without interfering with each other.

1 Direct current.

Since one of the power sources on the car is the battery, it is a DC power supply, and the battery must be charged with a DC power supply after discharging. Therefore, the generator in the car must also output direct current. For the above reasons, direct current is used in automobiles.

2 Adopt low-voltage power supply.

There are two kinds of rated voltages of automobile electric systems: 12V and 24V, and at present, gasoline vehicles generally use 12V power supply, and heavy-duty diesel vehicles mostly use 24V power supply.

3. Adopt a single-line system

Generally speaking, the connection between the general electrical equipment and the power supply requires two wires, one for the live wire and the other for the neutral wire, so as to form a circuit, and all the electrical equipment on the car is connected in parallel and has good conductivity.

4 Negative pole tie iron.

Because the car adopts a single-wire system, one of the two lines of the electric system must be replaced by the metal body of the car, and one pole of the power supply and one end of the electrical equipment should be connected with the metal body when wiring, and such a connection is called a tie.

Summary. Components: The electronic control system includes an engine control unit, an automatic brake anti-lock braking and braking force distribution module, an automatic transmission module, etc.

The signaling system includes horns, buzzers, flashers and various driving signal identification lights to ensure the personal safety of the vehicle when it is running. Auxiliary electrical systems, including electric wipers, air conditioners, low-temperature starting preheating devices, cassette recorders, cigarette lighters, glass regulators, etc.

Hello, the five basic characteristics of the automotive electrical system are: 1. Low voltage, gasoline vehicles mostly use 12V, diesel vehicles use 24V; 2. DC, mainly from the battery charging; 3. Single-wire system, that is, the electrical equipment from the early power supply is connected by a root wire. 4. The negative pole is connected to the car body, and the negative pole is connected to the car body.

Components: The electronic control system includes an engine control unit, an anti-lock braking and braking force automatic track distribution module, an automatic transmission module, etc. The signaling system includes horns, buzzers, flashers and various driving signal identification lights to ensure the personal safety of the vehicle when it is running.

Qingshou auxiliary electrical system, including electric wipers, air conditioners, low-temperature start preheating devices, cassette recorders, cigarette lighters, glass regulators, etc.