A postgraduate examination question about microeconomics, seeking guidance from a master

Hypothetical graph method and elimination method to solve the problem.

Directly draw the average cost curve of X and Y enterprises, and then exclude them one by one.

Summary. When the consumer's income is $20, the beer should be $3 and the rest $5.

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When the consumer's income is $20, the beer should be $3 and the rest $5.

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When the consumer's income is $20, the beer should be $3 and the pizza is $5.

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Summary. b.In the case of q'd = 40 - p, the equilibrium ** should be 20, i.e.

40 - p = 10 + pp = 15 Therefore, when the subsidy is 15 - 10 = 5, the actual ** paid by the consumer is 15, while the actual ** should be 20, so a subsidy of 5 needs to be given. c.In the case of q'd = 40 - p, in order to maintain ** at the original level, i.e. p = 10, a subsidy is required, calculated as follows:

40 - 10 = QSQS = 30 Therefore, a gap of 30 - 10 = 20 needs to be subsidized.

How to do B and C.

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b.In the case of q'd = 40 - p, the equilibrium ** should be 20, i.e.: 40 - p = 10 + pp = 15 Therefore, when the subsidy is 15 - 10 = 5, the actual ** paid by the consumer is 15, and the actual ** should be 20, so a subsidy of 5 is required.

Pickpocketing cIn the case of q'd = 40 - p, to maintain ** at the original level, i.e. p = 10, a subsidy is required, which is calculated as follows: 40 - 10 = qsqs = 30, therefore, a ** gap of 30 - 10 = 20 needs to be subsidized.

3, p will no longer be produced, p=lac, is the result of the long-term equilibrium of competitors.

15. The increase in output is not to improve the quality, but to increase the marginal return, because the manufacturer is always producing at the marginal benefit equal to the marginal cost.

16. Because it is a monopoly manufacturer, it produces the output x when the marginal return is equal to the marginal cost, but d(p) is separated from the mr curve, so there can be no p=mc under the output of x, and because the economic profit disappears, p=ac

29. The Gounod model is a competition model of an oligopoly manufacturer, and his equilibrium result is to achieve the suboptimal strategy, but not to achieve the optimal strategy, which is mainly because they do not trust each other and do not recognize their interdependence, B is the premise of the Gounod model, so C is not right.

The characteristics of the "isoyield curve" are as follows:

1. The isoyield curve at a higher position, that is, far from the origin, always represents a larger output.

Because, in general, with more inputs, manufacturers can get greater output.

2. Any two equal yield curves cannot intersect.

This is because it is not possible to produce two different outputs from the same combination of input factors.

3. The yield curve is convex to the origin and inclined to the lower right, and its slope is negative.

This is because each point on the yield curve represents an effective combination of factors that can produce a certain amount of output. Therefore, in order to increase the input of one factor and keep the output constant, it is necessary to reduce the input of another factor accordingly.

If the production of a certain output requires an increase in the input of labor and capital at the same time, or an increase in the quantity of capital without reducing labor, then the original combination of production is invalid.

Expansion: The decreasing slope of the isoyield curve indicates that this type of substitution has an important property, that is, the marginal technical substitution rate of input factor x always decreases with the increase of the amount of x.

If x and y are two input factors that can be substituted for each other, then the marginal substitution rate of x refers to how many units of input factor y can be replaced by adding 1 unit of input factor x when x takes a certain value.

It is expressed by the formula: mrts = δy δx. Since δy δx is the slope of the isoyield curve when x takes a certain value, the marginal substitution rate when the input factor x takes a certain value is also the slope when x takes this value on the isoyield curve.

Since the slope of the isoyield curve decreases, its marginal substitution rate always decreases with the increase of x, that is, with the increase of x input, the amount of y that can be replaced by 1 unit x will become smaller and smaller. FYI.