The evolution of the view of nature, the enlightenment of the evolution of the view of nature

First, the ancient Greek view of nature as "animist".

Second, the theological view of nature in the Middle Ages.

Third, the modern mechanical view of nature.

Fourth, the view of nature in classical German philosophy.

A general view of the natural world. is an integral part of the worldview. Materialism holds that the natural world is an objective material world that exists independently of human consciousness.

Idealism holds that the natural world is a product of spirit or God. Dialectical materialism believes that the natural world is a material world in eternal motion, change, and development; All phenomena in nature are opposites and unity, and they transform each other under certain conditions; The development of the natural world is the premise and foundation of the development of human society; The basis of man's understanding of the natural world is the changes in the natural world caused by man.

The general understanding of the natural world. It generally includes people's fundamental views on the origin of the natural world, the laws of evolution, the structure, and the relationship between man and nature. The view of nature is the basis of people's understanding of the whole world, so any systematic philosophy must contain a systematic view of nature that is adapted to it.

In the relationship between man and nature, man does not only adapt passively but act positively on the natural world. In this process of interaction, people develop an understanding of the nature of the natural world. Therefore, the view of nature is not, as idealism claims, but only the free creation of the human mind; Nor is it a negative reflection of the mind on the natural world, as mechanical materialism claims.

It is the changes in the natural world caused by man that form the basis of the view of nature, not just the natural world itself.

The view of nature in any era was formed under a certain historical and cultural background, especially closely related to the development level of natural science at that time. In turn, it has had an impact on the natural sciences in one way or another. Historically, since the mythical view of nature entered the class society, the confrontation between the materialist view of nature and the idealistic view of nature has become increasingly obvious.

The idealist view of nature has gone through different stages of development. The materialist view of nature has undergone three major forms of development. In ancient times, people basically regarded the natural world as a universally connected, constantly moving whole, thus forming a simple view of nature.

Modern science delved into the details of the natural world to investigate in isolation and static, resulting in a metaphysical view of nature. Modern science, on the other hand, has increasingly revealed the various connections of the natural world and developed a dialectical materialist view of nature from different perspectives. This scientific view of nature is increasingly playing an active role in the whole of natural science and philosophy.

The implications for the evolution of the view of nature are as follows:

First, humanity must share the obligation to protect the environment. Nature has no borders, the ecological environment is an inseparable organic whole, it is not restricted by the nature of the country, social system, ideology, human beings jointly own the earth's resources, but also must promise to jointly assume the obligations to the ecological environment.

Second, establish ecological awareness and attach importance to environmental education. Regard environmental education as the cause of the whole society, treat the earth's ecological environment kindly, and improve the ecological and cultural quality of the whole nation; Actively participate in the demolition of the environment, start from a small age, start from oneself, establish a good environmental morality, the whole people participate in environmental education activities, so that everyone cares about the environment, everyone protects the environment, so that "environmental beauty" has become the needs and fashion of the people, the third is to increase investment, the implementation of environmental education projects.

Third, we should rely on science and technology to improve farming and maintain ecological balance. Relying on science and technology, especially agronomy and agricultural technology, and improving farming methods, such as the use of improved drainage and irrigation methods, the implementation of more reasonable crop rotation, and the application of organic fertilizers, can maintain and improve soil quality, maintain and improve the fertility of the land, and maintain ecological balance from the bench. In addition, the rational development and utilization of fallow land, sandy land and wasteland into fertile land for pasture, sugar beet, wheat and barley to optimize the ecological balance.

View of Nature:

The view of nature refers to people's general view of the natural world, and people's fundamental view of the natural world's existence form, evolutionary mode, movement and change, and dynamic causes. His generation and development have a long history and have gone through many stages. From the initial theology, idealism to the final materialist dialectic, the development of the wheel of jujube has gone through twists and turns, and the study of the evolution of the concept of nature has profound theoretical significance and practical guiding significance.

In the process of historical evolution of the view of nature, it has gone through the process of primitive religious view of nature, ancient naïve view of nature, medieval religious theological view of nature, modern mechanical view of nature, and modern dialectical materialist view of nature, and finally formed a scientific view of nature.

Correct answer: The human view of nature shows the law of development and evolution of patterning: the basic idea of the ancient human view of nature, the supremacy of nature, the subservience of human beings, the reverence for nature, totem worship, the admiration of ancestors, and negative adaptation.

After the industrial revolution, the number of people infiltrated the use of tools to transform nature to form a huge sense of achievement, thus forming an anthropocentric view of nature, the basic connotation of which is: anthropocentric, nature subordinate, conquer nature, transform nature, advocate tools, plunder management. Since the middle and late stages of the last century, the human beings have reflected on the evil consequences and ecological disasters brought about by anthropocentrism and predatory management, and gradually formed a contemporary ecological view of nature

Equality, mutual benefit, harmonious coexistence, respect for nature, conservation of resources, environmental friendliness, intergenerational fairness. The ecological concept of nature attaches great importance to the construction of a community with a shared future that integrates human society and the natural world, and advocates the harmonious and sustainable coexistence of man and nature, and the sustainable and coordinated development of human society and the natural world.

The development of human view of nature has gone through five processes.

1) Primitive religious view of nature.

2) Ancient and simple view of nature.

3) Religious-theological view of nature.

4) Metaphysical view of nature.

5) Dialectical materialist view of nature.

Primitive religious view of nature, characteristics: One of the characteristics of religion is to maintain the ideological balance between people and the natural environment in which they live, that is, to maintain a harmonious relationshipThe natural environment has various relations with various religions and plays different roles Ancient simple view of nature, characteristics: with a simple materialist tendency; With naïve dialectical thinking.

Religious theology of nature, characteristic: everything in the world was created by God; Man lives without happiness for the sake of atonement Metaphysical view of nature, characteristic: has the characteristics of mechanism and metaphysics.

Mechanistic theory is to regard the movement of man and society as mechanical motion; Metaphysics refers to not seeing the universal connections between physical objects. Dialectical materialist view of nature, characteristic: the unity of materialism and dialectics; the unification of natural history and human history; the unity of natural nature and humanized nature; The object relationship between man and nature is the unity of agency and subjectivity.