The mystery of oil and gas discovery, how did oil and gas come about?

Oil and natural gas are formed by organisms in the earth's crust, and the corpses of these organisms go through various reactions to produce some oil, which forms natural gas or oil.

Generally, some organisms in the ocean or lakes have evolved to form these substances, and oil is generally a gaseous compound, and oil also includes natural gas.

Both are made up of elements such as the corpses of living beings, cells, and oils, and natural gas and oil are formed through the accumulation of natural gas and oil over a long period of time.

Oil and gas are non-renewable resources that were slowly formed by trees buried deep in the ground thousands of years ago.

Oil and gas are one of the most valuable energy sources in the world, and oil is known as the blood of industry, and it is precisely because of the exploitation of oil and gas by human beings that the world's industrial technology can progress so rapidly. Scientists do not yet have a unified conclusion about the formation of oil, and one view is that the carcasses of ancient animals were buried deep in the ground, with some inorganic matter.

The combination formed oil, while another view suggests that it was some element and carbon that existed underground.

combined. Natural gas is easier to produce than oil, natural gas is converted from the decomposition of the corpses of paleontology, the remains of paleontology are buried in the ground by sediments, isolated from the air, after a long period of decomposition and change to form natural gas.

Four billion years ago, the earth has been born of life, the earth's earliest life is microorganisms, although they are small in size, but the number is extremely large, and most of them live in the water, after the death of these animals, into the ocean, and then buried in the silt, so the ant-shaped Sun Lu became organic silt, over and over again, more and more organic silt is buried on the seabed, with the increase in weight, these organic silt settled, and began a long and complex chemical reaction underground.

Proteins and carbohydrates in the final organic sludge.

Converted into oil.

This view holds that the production of oil is not biological, and that oil is not a reaction of organic decomposition.

produced, but produced by inorganic matter, there may be certain carbon elements in the ground itself, and under the action of these carbon elements, hydrocarbons in the ground.

It will be converted into oil, which also suggests that oil is renewable, as long as there is enough carbon in the earth's crust.

Although there are two more mainstream theories about the production of oil, most people still support the first statement, oil is not renewable energy, the once famous physicist Hubbert proposed that oil will one day be depleted, and the purchase of oil will further decline, but with the development of science and technology, human beings are becoming more and more dependent on oil, and the amount of procurement has been increasing, and the large use of oil has also caused global warming to a certain extent.

At present, many countries are studying new energy sources to replace oil.

Natural gas is also one of the very scarce resources, after the death of ancient organisms, its corpse will decompose into organic matter, deposited in the ground, through the decomposition of microorganisms, and a series of complex reactions, and finally form natural gas. Natural gas is easier to form than oil, but it also takes a lot of time and is more harsh to form.

Both oil and gas, which are widely considered non-renewable energy sources, especially oil, have risen to a strategic level, and countries that are short of oil and celestial gas have had to rely on imports to meet their own needs. The massive use of oil and gas has contributed to global warming to some extent, so there is an urgent need to develop renewable, less polluting new energy sources, and many countries have carried out research on new energy sources to reduce the use of non-renewable energy sources such as oil and gas.

It is mainly covered by sediments, buried deep in the formation, and slowly formed organic carbon through the foundation of the material base, thus forming the raw materials of petroleum and natural gas with rock manuscripts.

Hundreds of millions of years ago, some organisms were buried in the soil, and after some changes in the earth's crust, they were slowly decomposed, forming oil and natural gas.

Tens of thousands of years ago, marine animals and sea socks were buried in the ground, and then after many years of fermentation, they became today's oil and gas.

Oil and gas are transformed from organic matter in history. These remnants include plants, plankton and animals, which grow and die on the Earth's surface, in water columns and on the seabed. When these substances are buried in sediments deep at depth, they undergo a process of high temperatures, pressures, and chemical changes that eventually form oil and gas.

Further, when organic material destruction is buried in sediments, they begin to undergo thermal evolutionary processes. In this process, these organic substances are subjected to high temperatures and pressures, gradually decomposing and releasing gases and liquids. Among them, hydrocarbons are the main components of oil and natural gas, and they are made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

The composition and proportion of oil and gas depends on the type of raw organic material, as well as changes in chemical and geological conditions.

At the same time, geological formations and rock types also play an important role in the formation and storage of oil and gas. Under suitable structural and stratigraphic conditions, oil and gas can accumulate in upward geotechnical barriers, forming oil and gas reservoirs. These reservoirs can be naturally formed or obtained through artificial extraction, and become an important energy resource.

Overall, oil and gas are formed by primitive organic matter undergoing high temperatures, pressures, and chemical changes deep in the earth. At the same time, geological formations and rock types have a crucial impact on the formation and storage of oil and gas. These oil and gas resources are of great significance to human production and life, and we should strengthen the exploitation and utilization of oil and gas resources, and at the same time explore the development of alternative energy sources.

Categories: Education Science.

Problem Description: Analysis: The earliest mention of the term "oil" was the Taiping Guangji compiled by the Northern Song Dynasty of China in 977 AD. The official name "oil" is based on the outstanding scientist Shen Kuo (1031-1095) of the Northern Song Dynasty of China in his book "Mengxi Bi Tan" based on the oil "born in the sand and gravel of the water, mixed with spring water, and came out in confusion".

Before the word "oil" appeared, foreign countries called oil "devil's sweat beads", "glowing water", etc., and in China it called "stone grease water", "fierce fire oil", "stone paint", etc.

Between 6000 BC and 2000 BC, natural gas seeping from the surface was first discovered in Iran. Many early writers have described the Middle East.

There is a phenomenon of **seeping from the surface, especially in present-day Azerbaijan.

of the Baku region. The oozing natural gas may have been used for lighting at first, and the ancient Persians who worshipped fire gave them a "torch that never goes out." The ancient Chinese had a very long history of using natural gas, especially the technology of extracting oil and natural gas by drilling and drilling oil wells, which was also the earliest in the world.

Natural gas is a symbiosis of oil. It was discovered at the same time as or later when the salt wells were being dug. More than 2,000 years ago, the Qin Dynasty began to dig wells to extract gas and boil salt.

In the Jin Dynasty. "Huayang National Chronicles" written by Chang Xuan

, there is a description of the Qin and Han dynasties.

A passage from the application of natural gas: "There is a fire well in Linqiong County, and the night is reflected in Zhao." If the people want to be on fire, they should first cast their homes into it.

It was like thunder, and the flames came out, shining for dozens of miles. It is stored in a bamboo tube and can be dragged all day long without extinguishing ......Take the well fire and boil it, and get five buckets of salt with a boil of water. The home fire is boiled, and there is not much to get.

It is known that as early as more than 2,000 years ago, people used bamboo tubes to carry natural gas and used them as torches to walk at night. Moreover, boiling salt with natural gas has more firepower than ordinary firepower, and the salt output is much more.

The fire well sinks in the deep spring, and the high smoke flies in the sky. This is the poetic description of the fire well in Sichuan by the people of the Jin Dynasty, which is earlier than this, Yang Xiong of the Western Han Dynasty in "Shu Du Fu".

The fire well has been listed as one of the important monuments in Sichuan, which shows that the fire well has a long history. As for the use of natural gas to cook salt, in practice, people realized that natural gas can spontaneously combust without supporting combustion, the Han Dynasty has overcome the difficulties of fire wells, and also used bamboo tubes to contain natural gas, similar to today's gas tanks for storing natural gas, to create a method of using natural gas, and a more detailed description of the use of fire wells to cook salt can be found in "Tiangong Kaiwu".

There is also a picture of boiling salt in a fire well.

In order to develop oil and natural gas, the Chinese working people gradually invented and created a complete set of drilling technologies in production practice. It was more than 2,200 years ago in the Warring States period.

The ancestors of the Chinese had already drilled deep wells, and since the Han Dynasty, working people have promoted and improved drilling machinery. By the Song Dynasty, deep well drilling machinery had formed a rather complex mechanical combination. Large shallow wells were generally abandoned and drilled into tube wells.

In the Ming Dynasty, drilling machinery and technology had further development.

In contrast, it wasn't until 1659, when natural gas was discovered in England, that Europeans knew something about it; However, it is not widely used. It was not until 1790 that gas became the main fuel for street and house lighting in Europe. In North America, the first commercial application of petroleum products was the application of natural gas in the Flodnia area of New York in 1821, where they transported natural gas to consumers through a small-bore conduit for lighting and cooking.

The development and utilization of natural gas in the world is marked by the laying of the first long-distance natural gas pipeline in the United States in 1925 as a symbol of modern industrial utilization.

Oil and gas on the seabed are produced by the evolution of organic matter in the ocean in a suitable environment. These organic matter, including terrestrial and aquatic lower plants, are transported from the land after death or alluvial by rivers, and deposited along with sediment and other minerals in low-lying shallow seas or lakes on land, gradually forming organic matter content in the silt. This organic sludge is covered and buried by new sediments, creating a reducing environment with no oxygen or very little free oxygen.

With the continuous sinking of low-lying areas and the accumulation of sediments, the pressure and temperature of organic sludge continue to increase, and the organic matter in the reducing environment is slowly transformed into oil and natural gas with great impact on human beings through complex physical and chemical changes. After millions of years of alternating changes, organic silt is compacted and consolidated to become sedimentary rocks, and further oil formations are generated. A sedimentary basin is one in which sediments are accumulating at a rate significantly greater than their surrounding area.

In a certain specific period, sedimentary rocks are deposited in low-lying areas such as oceans or lakes like basins and have tectonic units with thicker sediments, known as sedimentary basins. In the long process of geological evolution of sedimentary basins, with the movement of the earth's crust and uplifting, the ocean becomes land, the lake basin becomes a high mountain, and layers of horizontal sedimentary rock layers also undergo deformation of different scales of deflection, folds and faults, so that the fluid oil and gas mixed in the sediment leave their native zone (oil production layer), and then concentrate into the oil storage structure through "oil and gas moving" to form oil and gas deposits that can be exploited, so that these sedimentary basins are like a cornucopia.

In the oil storage structure, the distribution of oil, gas and water is also different due to the different proportions of oil, gas and water: gas in the upper part, water in the lower part, and oil layer in the middle. The oil storage structure includes the rock layer inhabited by oil and gas - reservoir; The caprock, a protective layer that covers the reservoir to prevent oil and gas from escaping upwards; and the "wall" that blocks the oil and gas from entering and no longer running away - the closed condition.

As long as oil storage structures can be found, it is not difficult to find oil and gas reservoirs. Oil and gas reservoirs are usually a combination of multiple types of oil and gas reservoirs, and we refer to the combination of multiple oil and gas reservoirs as oil and gas fields.

In the world, offshore oil and gas are extremely unevenly distributed like terrestrial oil and gas resources. Among the four oceans and many offshore waters, the Persian Gulf has the most abundant oil and natural gas content, accounting for about 50% of the total reserves. second is the waters of Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela; the third is the waters of the North Sea; fourth is the Gulf of Mexico; It is followed by the Asia-Pacific region, West Africa and other sea areas. According to the South China Sea, the oil and gas resources also have huge development prospects, and it is one of the world's main offshore oil and gas gathering centers.

Oil and gas are one of the most important outcomes of people seeking resources from the oceans.

China is the first country in the world to exploit and apply natural gas. In ancient times, people collected natural gas by manually sinking wells, using bamboo tubes to connect to take gas and boil salt. At that time, natural gas was used to boil salt, and the fire power was much greater than that of ordinary firewood and grass, and more salt was produced.

In modern times, natural gas was first used for the lighting of street lights.

The formation process of natural gas is similar to that of coal and oil, but it takes longer to form than coal and oil. The use of natural gas as an alternative to coal and other energy sources can reduce the waste of primary energy such as coal and oil.

Natural gas is usually distributed on land and in the sea, according to its distribution and exploitation, we usually divide natural gas into: gas field gas (directly extracted from the gas field), condensate gas field gas (the depth of exploitation is deeper than the gas field), petroleum associated gas (natural gas extracted in a piece of oil extraction), coalbed methane (natural gas distributed in underground coal seams), combustible ice (deep-sea natural gas).

It should be noted here that although the composition of biogas is very similar to natural gas, it does not belong to the classification of natural gas because it belongs to artificial gas.

Natural gas is a clean gas because its main component is methane, which produces only carbon dioxide and water after normal combustion.

Natural gas generation process: The formation and generation of natural gas is extensive, rapid, and simpler and easier than oil generation, and natural gas formation is generated by various organic substances. So, the causes of natural gas are varied.