What is frontal lobe epilepsy Is frontal lobe epilepsy refractory to epilepsy

Frontal lobe epilepsy, as the name suggests, is epilepsy that originates in the frontal lobe.

What is Origin? In general, the onset of partial epilepsy has a process of abnormal discharge initiation --- spread, and this starting site is the origin. It is also called epileptogenic foci.

Therefore, frontal lobe epilepsy is a partial epilepsy in the frontal lobe.

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Some epilepsy can be completely cured, and some can't be discussed, so is frontal lobe epilepsy refractory to epilepsy?

Frontal lobe epilepsy is a disease that is generally difficult to treat and cannot be cured, and can be alleviated by anti-epileptic drugs. Frontal lobe epilepsy is a chronic disease, there will be unconscious, convulsions of the limbs, if the seizures are frequent, you need to take anti-epileptic drugs for a long time**, such as sodium valproate, etc., you need to take drugs for 2 to 5 years, there are no seizures, and then consider stopping the drug**.

Due to frontal lobe seizures, bilateral frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) is often quickly triggered, which is difficult to localize, and is often difficult to interpret EEG changes due to artifacts. The epileptogenic foci of frontal lobe epilepsy are often multifocal or bilateral frontal lobe foci, which also affects the accurate localization of the frontal lobe epileptogenic foci. At this time, ** EEG should be performed to observe the EEG changes during the seizure period and the behavioral changes of the seizure to help localize.

Electroencephalography (EEG) remains an important tool in the preoperative evaluation of frontal lobe epilepsy.

Temporal lobe epilepsy is a seizure that originates only in the temporal lobe. Temporal lobe epilepsy is divided into medial temporal lobe epilepsy and lateral temporal lobe epilepsy, with medial temporal lobe epilepsy being more common. The clinical manifestations are:

Common auras are: a sense of rising stomach gas, palpitation, fear, and seeing the surroundings become very familiar (déjà vu) or unfamiliar (unfamiliar). Then there was a stunned look, and he couldn't call it.

It can be accompanied by hand automatism, such as groping and grasping of one hand, or it can be accompanied by automatism of both hands; Oropharyngeal automatism: including swallowing movements, drooling, etc. The whole process is usually quiet and lasts less than 1 minute.

Drowsiness is common after the seizure. A small number of patients may develop a grand mal seizure (collapse, loss of consciousness, twitching of the limbs). Symptoms of lateral temporal lobe epilepsy are similar, with auditory aura predominantly among the aura.

The clinical manifestations of temporal lobe epilepsy are complex and diverse, some doctors do not know enough about the disease, 70% 80% of temporal lobe epilepsy patients often cannot be diagnosed correctly, in order to be responsible for their own health, it is recommended to go to a regular specialist ** epilepsy hospital to find a specialist **. Temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by simple split seizures, usually secondarily generalized seizures and split or mixed seizures, and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy often have a family history and a history of febrile seizures, and memory deficits may occur.

1.Affective disorders: very pleasant or unpleasant sensations manifested in seizures, intense depression with a sense of inferiority or abandonment, which are also symptoms of temporal lobe epilepsy;

2.Delusion: manifested in the conscious change in the size, distance, and appearance of objects, which is also a symptom of temporal lobe epilepsy;

3.Hallucination: That is, without any external changes, there can be changes in sight, hearing, taste, spatial perception and object imaging.

4.Language disorder: aphasia or repetitive language;

5.Memory impairment: a sense of acquaintance or unfamiliarity, or a sense of familiarity that has not been experienced in the temporal lobe, or a rapid recall of things experienced in the past, which are symptoms of temporal lobe epilepsy;

6.Impairments in recognition: including dream-like states, distortions of temporal perception, unrealism, dissociative states;

It is manifested as a transient confusion or mental disorder, which can make aimless movements or disordered behaviors, and even hurt people, destroy objects, or run away from other places. Seizures can last from hours to days and cannot be remembered afterwards. When there are no seizures, the mind is normal, and it is mostly caused by temporal lobe lesions of the brain, also known as "temporal lobe epilepsy".

Patients experience symptoms of head discomfort and epigastric discomfort. In petit mal seizures, there is a transient loss of consciousness without generalized spasms. There may be multiple seizures per day, sometimes rhythmic blinking, head lowering, direct eyes, and upper extremity twitching.

Symptoms such as the sudden drop of the object in your hand.

Optical illusion: manifested in the conscious change of the distance and appearance of the object. Auditory illusions: can manifest as errors in the perception of pitch, distance, and nature. There may be some differences in everyone's situation, it is recommended to go to Kunming Military Sea**.

Dizziness, confusion, epigastric discomfort, audio-visual and olfactory disturbances, etc., to see epilepsy in Wuhan Zhongji Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Epilepsy Hospital, that is the best, and the standard of his family is also very strong, you can go there to see it.

Frontal lobe seizures, which can begin in any part of the frontal lobe, have a variety of clinical manifestations, large differences in personality, frequent and transient seizures, and asymmetrical generalized convulsions. The motor symptoms of frontal lobe epilepsy are more prominent, the duration is short, it is more common in nocturnal seizures, the positive rate of routine electroencephalogram examination and MRI examination is low, and sometimes there are certain difficulties in the clinical diagnosis of epilepsy.

Most frontal lobe epilepsy is symptomatic and cryptogenic, and only a few or very few are idiopathic or hereditary, and the most common frontal lobe epilepsy** is as follows:

1. Head trauma:

Head trauma is the most common cause of frontal lobe epilepsy, and head trauma often results in frontal cortex contusion, and the risk of late-onset epilepsy is related to the severity of the trauma.

2. Tumor: Tumor is also the cause of frontal lobe epilepsy, and psychiatric experts from Hebei Armed Police Hospital said that tumor can account for up to 1 3 of the source damage of refractory frontal lobe epilepsy, and common pathological damage includes gliocytoma, ganglioglioma and epithelioid cell tumor.

3. Developmental impairment:

Cortical dysplasia is the most common, and other developmental impairments include nodular ectopia and hamartoma.

4. Vascular malformations:

The main ones are arteriovenous malformations, cavernous hemangiomas, and venous hemangiomas.

Among epilepsy, frontal lobe epilepsy is a relatively common type. Many patients with epilepsy, especially those with frontal lobe epilepsy, have a deep understanding of frontal lobe epilepsy. For frontal lobe epilepsy, it must be positive, and the longer it drags on, the more harmful it will be to the patient.

There is also a clear understanding of the epilepsy of the Etamonium lobe epilepsy. Well, it causes frontal lobe epilepsy.

Among epilepsy, frontal lobe epilepsy is a relatively common type. Many patients with epilepsy, especially those with frontal lobe epilepsy, have a deep understanding of frontal lobe epilepsy. For frontal lobe epilepsy, it must be positive, and the longer it drags on, the more harmful it will be to the patient.

There is also a clear understanding of frontal lobe epilepsy. So, what? Let's ask the experts of Guangzhou Epilepsy Hospital to answer for you.

Experts from Guangzhou Epilepsy Hospital will explain to you. 1. Genetic problems: Some patients with epilepsy, especially those with frontal lobe epilepsy, if they have a history of epilepsy in their families or in their immediate family.

Then the risk of frontal lobe epilepsy will increase exponentially. In frontal lobe epilepsy, bridge inheritance is an important cause. 2. Brain tumor:

The tumor is in the brain, which hinders the normal operation of the brain's nerves, orders, decision-making, and functions. Epitheloid cell tumors, brain tumors, gangliogliomas, and gliocytomas account for a large proportion of patients with frontal lobe epilepsy. 3. Hemangioma:

In human development, hemangiomas are more common in early childhood, especially in neonates. For the problems that cause epilepsy, especially frontal lobe epilepsy**, hemangiomas, mainly occur in cerebral hemangiomas. For example, cerebral cavernous hemangioma, cerebral venous hemangioma, etc., is one of the onset of epilepsy.

4. Head trauma: Many epilepsy patients, especially those with frontal lobe epilepsy, have seizures caused by head trauma. In the pathological examination of epilepsy, brain scarring is common because of trauma.

Frontal cortex contusion is caused by trauma. 5. Abnormal brain development: Patients with frontal lobe epilepsy generally have abnormal brain development in early childhood and adolescence.

This developmental abnormality is most common in the cerebral cortex. Generally speaking, nodular ectopia, cortical developmental impairment, and cortical dysplasia are one of the causes of frontal lobe epilepsy. Guangzhou Epilepsy Hospital launched the "N-Union Multi-dimensional Epilepsy** System" for the treatment of epilepsy.

Guangzhou Epilepsy Hospital launched the N-link multi-dimensional epilepsy** system, which follows the steps of "scientific diagnosis, systematic evaluation, three-dimensional** post-healing management". Based on a comprehensive examination and analysis, the condition is analyzed; According to the results of the test, scientific combination, multi-dimensional stereotype**, improve the blood supply and oxygen supply of brain cell tissue, promote the establishment of collateral circulation, improve the reproducibility rate of damaged brain cells, and change the excitability of cerebral cortex. Experts from Guangzhou Epilepsy Hospital warmly remind that the first time of epilepsy is urgent, and in order to be able to return to normal life as soon as possible, I hope that patients will not take epilepsy lightly.

There is also the need to do a good job in epilepsy care, a good nursing can have a double effect on epilepsy**.

The frontal region of the brain is the second most common area of epileptic seizures, and the seizures caused by this brain region can be easily confused with diseases caused by psychiatric factors and thus misdiagnosed. However, any disease has its own characteristics, and if it is a clinical manifestation of patients with frontal lobe epilepsy, the diagnosis and treatment plan also has its own unique characteristics.

Seizures of frontal lobe epilepsy are characterized by: frequent and transient seizures, often in clusters; more than sleep-onset episodes; The onset and end of the seizure are abrupt, and the post-seizure haze is not obvious; focal neurologic deficits may occur; Seizures are complex and varied, including hypermovement, postural rigidity, and vocalization.

Common clinical symptoms include focal clonic seizures, asymmetric tonic seizures, absence seizures, and masticatory seizures, with obvious chewing, swallowing, and saliva secretion.

Frontal lobe epilepsy is diagnosed by the presence of one of the following 6 features:

1.Immediate loss of consciousness after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure.

2.In the early stages of a seizure, the head and eyes turn to the opposite side, followed by generalized seizures, and postictal loss of consciousness often suggests a seizure-causing foci located in the anterior frontal lobe1 3.

3.Initial head and eye turning to the opposite side of the lesion, clear and gradual confusion, followed by complete loss of consciousness and generalized seizures, suggests that the epileptogenic foci originate in the middle of the frontal lobe convexity.

4.Postural movements in one part of the body, such as the contralateral arm being rigidly raised, the ipsilateral arm extending downward, and the head turning to the opposite side of the lesion, suggest that the epileptogenic foci are located medial to the middle of the frontal lobe.

5.It is common to show no emotion, or there may be brief pauses in movement, disorganized thinking, and a stare followed by generalized seizures.

6.Seizures may have seizure or postictal automatism, similar to temporal lobe epilepsy. Interictal SPECT and PET can demonstrate local hypoperfusion or hypometabolism in the brain, whereas epital SPECT often shows hyperperfusion of the frontal cortex, which helps localize the epileptic foci.

There is a consensus that 80% to 90% of patients with epilepsy confirmed by MRI have good outcomes after surgical removal of the lesion. However, for non-focal epilepsy with no positive findings on MRI, the postoperative efficacy is not ideal.

Meng Yinhua, director of the Department of Epilepsy, reminded everyone that the diagnosis of frontal lobe epilepsy is mainly based on clinical manifestations, combined with electroencephalography and imaging to confirm the diagnosis, and if necessary, intracranial electrodes can be used to confirm the diagnosis. **Mainly rely on drugs, commonly used drugs are carbamazepine, phenytoin and lamotrin, etc., if the drug control is not ideal, it can also be surgical**.