China s history of humiliation is no less than 30 words

In May of the 20th year of Daoguang (June 1840), Britain began a war of aggression against China, which lasted for more than two years. In August 1842, the British invaders forced the Qing Dynasty again.

The first unequal treaty in modern China, the Sino-British Treaty of Nanjing, was signed

The following year, Britain forced Qing to sign an annex to the Treaty of Nanjing. The Opium War had just ended, and the United States and France, under the threat of force, forced the Qing Dynasty to sign the unequal Sino-US "Wangxia Treaty" with them

and the Sino-French Treaty of Whampoa

Expanded aggressive rights.

In 1856, Britain and France launched the Second Opium War under the pretext of amending the treaty. In 1858, Russia, the United States, Britain, and France forced the Qing Dynasty to sign the "Treaty of Tianjin."

In late October 1860, Britain and France forced the Qing Dynasty to sign the Treaty of Peking

At the beginning of the 10th year of Xianfeng (1860), Britain and France appointed Ergin and Gro as plenipotentiaries respectively, and led their fleets to China to launch another war of aggression.

In June (July), the British and French forces arrived outside the mouth of Dagu. Emperor Xianfeng.

led a group of ** to flee to Rehe (now Chengde City, Hebei Province), and ordered his younger brother Prince Gong Yixin to stay in Beijing and be in charge of peace negotiations.

On August 22 (October 6), British and French forces occupied the Old Summer Palace, which had been operated by the Qing court for more than 150 years.

After being sacked by the Anglo-French forces, it was set on fire.

The fire burned for three days, and it was known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens."

The Old Summer Palace turned into a pile of ruined ruins.

After the Second Opium War and the unequal Treaty of Tientsin and the Treaty of Peking, China's territory was further plundered, and foreign invaders further seized a large amount of rights and interests from China, and tightened their political control and economic and cultural aggression against China.

Capitalism. Through their ministers, the countries directly exerted pressure on the Qing court to manipulate and control China's internal and foreign affairs. The expansion of a large number of commercial ports from the southeast coast to the seven coastal provinces and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River has deepened the foreign capitalist aggression.

The foreign invaders also directly administered the Chinese customs and tightened their financial control over the Qing court, thus facilitating the expansion of their political influence. China's loss of sovereignty has increased, further deepening China's semi-colonization.

From the isolation of the country, the Opium War was written. It would be better to write it yourself. Deeper understanding.

Kaida is not well written, there is no natural paragraph, and there is no ending.

First of all, there are similarities between these two opium wars, and we can compare and analyze them to find out their similarities and differences.

The fundamental cause of the outbreak of the two wars was the aggression and expansion of the so-called Western civilized countries. First, it was the urgent need for Britain to seize the market for the sale of goods and the origin of raw materials to obtain the privilege of buying cheaply and selling expensively; The second is that Britain, France, the United States, and other countries want to further open up the Chinese market, expand their aggressive rights and interests, and legitimize them. The so-called fuse of war is only a pretext for waging war.

Based on this, it is possible to clarify the essential problems reflected in this particular historical phenomenon. The pretext for the First Opium War was China's anti-smoking campaign, and the pretext for the Second Opium War was the "Yarrow Incident" and the "Ma Shenfu Incident". Think about it, if there were no anti-smoking campaigns at that time, if there were no two incidents, would they have died down?

Not. They will still look for other excuses to wage war. Because they have long chosen China as their target of aggression and have been planning for a long time, war will break out sooner or later.

As the saying goes: If you want to add sin, why is there no excuse?

It is one of the principles that should be followed in history teaching to inspire students to recognize the essence and cunning methods of the aggressors through the superficial phenomena of history, and to distinguish the characteristics of different historical periods, different historical stages, and different development processes, so as to improve students' ability to distinguish things.

In these two anti-aggression wars, if we try to compare the attitudes of the Qing Dynasty, patriotic officers and soldiers, and the Chinese people, it is easy to see that the Qing Dynasty has lost power and humiliated the country and the heroic and unyielding of the masses of the people. Such as: During the First Opium War, the Qing Dynasty:

Emperor Daoguang was terrified and sent Qishan to Guangzhou to negotiate with the British army, Qishan compromised, Yishan surrendered, Niu Jian escaped, and later signed the humiliating Sino-British "Treaty of Nanjing", Sino-US "Wangxia Treaty", and Sino-French "Huangpu Treaty". Patriotic officers and soldiers and the broad masses of the people: the people of Sanyuanli resisted the British, and Guan Tianpei, Ge Yunfei, Chen Huacheng and others died bravely.

During the Second Opium War, the Qing Dynasty did not make serious preparations for war, and completely pinned its hopes on the "mediation" between Russia and the United States. When the Anglo-French forces captured Tianjin, Emperor Xianfeng fled to the summer resort of Chengde, and finally signed the Treaty of Tianjin, the Treaty of Beijing, and the Treaty of Aihui. In contrast, tens of thousands of people in Nanhai and Panyu counties set up regimental training bureaus to resist aggression; The soldiers defending the Dagu Fort opened fire to attack the invaders, and the people of Dagu braved the rain of bullets to deliver cakes and noodles to the soldiers.

On top of the bell full of oracle bones, read the spirituality of the motherland's childhood; On the Great Wall full of beacon fires, read the boldness of the motherland's youth; On the land full of poetry and science, read the mature ...... of the motherland in its prime

I want to say but I don't want to say it, I have also seen the weakness of the motherland, on the scorched ruins of the Old Summer Palace, I see the motherland as a pool of blood; On Deng Shichang's brave "Zhiyuan Ship", I see the motherland as a fire. But my motherland did not sink, and in the eastern part of Asia, with my broad arms, I lifted up the mountains and seas, took the descendants of Yan and Huang in my arms, repaired the broken years with thatch and adobe bricks, and fed the hungry life with wild herbs and gruel. Mr. Zhongshan, in the dark night, began to plan the strategy of governing the country, ***, in the barren land, to support the flesh and bones of the nation; , magnify the pupils that have been through the vicissitudes of life, guide the motherland with many disasters and difficulties, and magically walk through the wind and rain of the century!

Along the source of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, drift down, cross Hukou, break through the Guandong, walk the Three Gorges, and run to the sea. In the Hexi Corridor and the North China Plain, I see the richness and vastness of the motherland, and the transcendence of the motherland day and night; In the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, look at the nobility and majesty of the motherland, and see the neon lights of the motherland's prosperity flickering day and night, as bright as the ...... of the Milky Way

Give me the motherland of skin color, give me the motherland of wisdom and courage. Although in the countryside, there are still longing eyes of dropout children; Although there are still laid-off female workers in the cities and towns who complain helplessly, I know that there are more waves of reform one after another, breaking through the shackles of the old concepts and the old system, and ushering in the majestic sunrise of the new century!

This is a motherland that has eliminated the old and established the new. This is a boiling rising motherland; This is a motherland that is in full swing. There are so many words that I have become a history, and my words are so many that they can form a galaxy, but the most spoken and emotional sentence is - take off the motherland, the motherland is auspicious, and the motherland is auspicious.

Humiliating ones include the "Treaty of Nanjing", "Treaty of Beijing", "Treaty of Shimonoseki", "Treaty of Nebuchu", "Treaty of Xincho", "Tanggu Agreement", etc.

In China's modern history, imperialist countries, large and small, vied with each other to invade us, China was forced to sign hundreds of unequal treaties, and the Chinese people were defeated again and again in the wars of aggression of the West. In 1840, in order to open the door to China, Britain brazenly launched the Opium War, and in 1842 signed the first unequal treaty in modern Chinese history - the "Treaty of Nanjing", and then signed the Sino-British "Five Ports Trade Charter", the Sino-British "Humen Treaty", the Sino-US "Wangxia Treaty", the Sino-French "Whampoa Treaty" and other first unequal treaties in modern Chinese history, forced to cede land, pay indemnities, open treaty ports, and foreign customs agreements. Foreign countries were granted consular jurisdiction in China and privileges such as missionary privileges in treaty ports. These treaties brought barbarism and humiliation to the Chinese people.

In 1856, Britain, France and other countries launched the Second Opium War in order to further open the door to China, and the Qing Dynasty was forced to sign the "Treaty of Tianjin" with Britain, France, Russia and the United States after the failure of resistance, and Britain, France and Russia were forced to sign the "Beijing Treaty". China has lost large tracts of territory and sovereignty, especially since Tsarist Russia plundered more than 1.5 million square kilometers of China's territory. Foreign invading forces have extended into the Chinese mainland, and China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal degree has deepened.

The burning of the Old Summer Palace shocked the world and burned the hearts of countless Chinese sons and daughters. In 1885, France launched the Sino-French War of aggression against China, and the Qing Dynasty signed the "Sino-French New Treaty", and the great powers obtained the right to build railways in China. In 1894, China was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War and was forced to sign the Treaty of Shimonoseki with Japan, which greatly deepened China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal status, and the indemnity reached 200 million taels**, and the imperialist powers set off a frenzy to carve up China.

However, in order to further control China, in 1900, the Eight-Nation Coalition jointly reacted against the war of aggression against China, and the Qing Dynasty was forced to sign the "Xinchou Treaty", with an indemnity of more than 1 billion taels, and the Qing Dynasty became a tool of imperialism to rule China, and China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society was finally formed.