What is a medical lens, colloid, what is the name

Abstract: Background: Several studies in recent years have shown that small-volume high-crystalline-high-colloidal osmotic mixtures may have a brainprotective effect during ischemic resuscitation.

Objective: To observe the effect of small-volume "high crystal-high colloidal mixture" on the histological changes of hippocampal neurons in rats after 72 hours of asphyxiation-induced cardiac arrest cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Design, Time & Place:

Randomized group design and control cytology experiments were completed in 2004-05 and 2007-05 in the Department of Anesthesiology of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and the Department of Anesthesiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Material: 36 SD rats, and the rat cardiopulmonary resuscitation model was made by asphyxia method.

The "high-crystal-high colloidal mixture" consisting of sodium chloride and 6% hydroxyethyl starch is a product of Fresenius AG in Germany. Methods: A total of 36 rats were divided into 3 groups: sham group, normal saline group and high crystalline-high colloidal osmotic mixture group, with 12 rats in each group.

These different fluids are infused immediately after spontaneous circulation is restored. Main observations: 72 h after resuscitation, the changes of hippocampal neurons in the three groups were compared by transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL, the caspase-3 activity of hippocampal neurons was detected by fluorescent tetrapeptide substrate method, and the changes of hippocampal function were examined by maze method.

Results: All 36 SD rats were included in the analysis. At 72 hours after resuscitation, delayed neuronal death was found in the hippocampus of the saline group and the high-crystalline-high-colloidal osmotic mixture group, and it was an apoptotic manifestation.

Compared with the saline group, the high-crystal-high colloidal osmotic mixture could reduce the rate of TUNEL-positive cells in the hippocampus and significantly inhibit the expression of caspase-3 in the hippocampus Ca1 region (p , reducing the exploratory activities of rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Conclusion: Immediate administration of small-volume high-crystal-high colloidal mixture can inhibit the expression of caspase-3 neurons in hippocampal Ca1 region, reduce hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, and play a certain protective role in hippocampal function in rats.

The colloidal fluid is represented by low-molecular-weight dextrose, and the crystalloids are represented by normal saline.

The colloidal fluid includes dextran, hydroxyethyl starch injection (706 generations of plasma), crystalline sodium chloride (normal saline), 5% glucose normal saline, and Ringer's solution.

1. Crystal solution:

1. Glucose solution: 5% glucose solution and 10% glucose solution are commonly used, which can supply water and heat.

2. Isotonic electrolyte solution: supply water and electrolyte, commonly used are sodium chloride, 5% glucose sodium chloride, compound sodium chloride and other solutions.

3. Alkaline solution: it can correct acidosis and adjust the acid-base balance, commonly used 5% sodium bicarbonate, sodium lactate solution, etc.

4. Hypertonic solution: used for diuretic dehydration, commonly used 20% mannitol, 25% sorbitol, 25% 50% glucose and other solutions.

2. Colloidal solution:

1. Dextrin: There are two commonly used solutions: medium molecular dextran: it can increase plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and expand blood volume, and low molecular weight dextran: it can reduce blood viscosity and improve microcirculation.

2. Plasma substitute: to increase plasma osmotic pressure and circulating blood volume, hydroxyethyl starch (706), oxidized polygelatin and povidone and other solutions are commonly used. Can be shared with whole blood in acute haemorrhage.

Characteristics of colloidal solutions.

Colloidal particles scatter light, so when strong light passes through the solution, numerous flashes of light can be seen in the darkroom on the side where the light passes. It's like sunlight shining through a window hole into a dusty dark room. This phenomenon is called the Tyndall effect.

Since the intensity of the scattered light is related to the size of the colloidal particles (when the concentration of the solution is constant), the change of the dispersion of the colloidal solution can be inferred from the change of the scattered light intensity to study the stability of the colloidal solution.

At the same time, the concentration of scattered light can be determined by using the intensity of scattered light, that is, turbidimetric analysis, and the instrument used is an opalescence meter. Many colloidal solutions are colored because they absorb different wavelengths of light. For example, the egg ** solution is dark red.

And the smaller the particles, the more short-wave (blue, purple) the light absorbed, so the size of the particles, can also affect the color of the product. For example, when the colloidal gold ions change from small to large, the color of the solution changes from red to purple to blue.

Crystalline solution:Glucosesolution, isotonic electrolyte solution, Ringer's solution,Sodium bicarbonateSaline.

Colloidal solution: plasma substitute, concentrated albumin injection, hydrolyzed protein injection, medium molecular dextran, low molecular dextran.

A colloidal solution is a solid particle drug or polymer compound of a certain size.

The idea of a solution formed by dispersion in a solvent. The particle point of the dispersed system is generally between 1 100 nm, and most of the dispersed medium is water, and a few are non-aqueous solvent. Crystalloid, also known as electrolyte solution, is a solution with a small molecular weight, which has the effect of replenishing extracellular fluid and expanding volume, and contains electrolytes.

Crystalloids and colloids are characterized by large branches.

Characteristics of crystal solution: small molecule solution, can not freely penetrate the cell membrane.

It can freely penetrate capillaries and remain in the blood vessels for a short period of time and half life.

20-30 minutes to maintain the relative balance of water inside and outside the cell, and correct electrolyte imbalance.

**Cheap. Characteristics of colloidal solution: large molecular weight, can not penetrate the capillary wall, long retention time in the blood vessels, long half-life, effectively maintain plasma colloidal osmotic pressure, increase blood volume, increase blood pressure, improve microcirculation, ** relatively expensive.

Commonly used crystal solutions are:

GlucoseThe solution supplies water and heat.

Sodium chloride (normal saline, % glucose, sodium chloride, compound sodium chloride solution to supply water andElectrolytesto maintain fluid volume andOsmotic pressureBalance.

5% sodium bicarbonate.

Sodium lactate solution corrects acidosis and regulates acid-base balance.

20% mannitol.

25% sorbitol.

25% 50% dextrose solution diuretic dehydration.

Crystalloid solution is one of the main fluids for resuscitation during burn shock. These include liquid types such as balanced salt solutions, normal saline, and sodium bicarbonate solutions.

Commonly used colloidal solutions are:

The molecule dextran in dextran expands blood volume; Low molecular weight dextran, which can reduce blood viscosity, improve microcirculation and antithrombotic effect.

Low-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starch increases colloidal osmotic pressure and circulating blood volume, and can be shared with whole blood in acute hemorrhage.

Concentrated albumin injection maintains colloidal osmotic pressure, replenishes protein, and reduces tissue edema.

Hydrolyzed protein injection supplements protein, corrects hypoproteinemia and promotes tissue repair.

A colloidal solution is a solid particle drug or polymer compound of a certain size.

A solution formed by dispersion in a solvent.

Clinical application

Colloidal solution

1. Maintain normal colloidal osmotic pressure in plasma.

2. Expand plasma volume, increase blood volume, and increase blood pressure.

3. Improve microvascular circulation and can be used for anti-shock.

4. Increase the source of hemoglobin.

Oxygen-carrying function.

5. Low molecular weight sol has the effect of discrete red blood cell agglutination, but cannot dissolve thrombus.

The above content refers to: Encyclopedia - colloidal solution.

The substances contained in the solution are not the same:For example, if water contains NaCl, then the solution is a crystalline solution, and if water contains protein, then the solution is a colloidal solution. Generally, the inorganic ions used in clinical use are basically crystal solutions, and colloidal solutions include dextran solutions.

Features are different:Colloids contain substances with large molecular weights that can stay in blood vessels for longer periods of time, and clinical studies have not shown that colloids improve clinical outcomes. The electrolytes of crystalloids are dissolved in water, such as normal saline, sodium lactate Ringer, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, glucose injection, mixed sugar electrolyte, sodium acetate Ringer, etc., generally speaking, it is cheaper.

Commonly used crystal solutions are:% 10% Glucose Solution: Provides water and heat.

9% sodium chloride (raw saline, % glucose, sodium chloride, compound sodium chloride solution, water and electrolytes, maintain fluid volume and osmotic balance.

Sodium bicarbonate, 112% sodium lactate solution corrects acidosis and regulates acid-base balance.

Mannitol, 25% sorbitol, 25% 50% glucose solution.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia - Crystalloid.