How to prevent and save yourself from landslides and debris flows

Natural disasters such as mudslides and landslides generally occur in mountainous or hilly areas. In the case of heavy rain, the soil and rocks of the mountain are soft, and the rainwater accumulates a large amount of mud and rocks, forming a powerful mudslide, which causes great damage to people, crops and various buildings, and is very dangerous. It can destroy bridges and roads, flood crops and houses, and can also block rivers and create floods, so you need to be prepared for heavy rains in mountainous areas.

First of all, pay attention to the weather conditions, when the rainstorm comes, try not to go out, and do a good job of defense at home. It is necessary to observe the surrounding situation in time to see if there is any abnormality and whether there is a possibility of landslides. You can also gather local weather information, find out about the rainstorm, and see if you are ready to leave your home and need to move to a safe area.

When you notice signs of a landslide and feel that a mudslide has formed, you should leave the place as soon as possible without hesitation or panic. Carry communication tools with you, as well as clothing, food and water, and waterproof rain gear. When you see a landslide or debris flow in the mountain, try to go to a higher place, not downstream, that is, to move to a higher place, which can effectively avoid the debris flow causing damage to yourself.

In the case of escape, the speed must be fast, do not hesitate, try to bring as few things as possible, run to a high place perpendicular to the direction of the mudslide, and leave this dangerous place as soon as possible to ensure your personal safety. <>

After moving to a safe area, contact the local authorities as soon as possible, tell yourself where you are, wait patiently for rescue, don't panic, and keep a calm mind. Secondly, it is necessary to observe the local situation at all times to see if there are any dangers and prevent other accidents. At the same time, you should pay attention to keeping warm in the cold, prevent yourself from catching a cold or feeling unwell, eat some food to replenish energy, and local rescuers will arrive soon, so you don't need to worry too much.

In the event of mudslides and landslides, the best way to prevent them is to check the weather forecast before going out, predict the weather conditions in advance, and delay your trip if you find that the weather forecast shows bad weather, and don't take chances to go to the mountains.

1.Check the weather forecast.

Before entering the mountain, you should check the weather forecast in advance and know the weather conditions in advance, so as to avoid natural disasters such as mudslides and landslides, which cannot escape because of the emergency. Therefore, it is important to check the weather forecast in advance before you travel, so that you can know the weather conditions of the day and prevent accidents.

2.Delayed travel

Mudslides are mainly caused by excessive precipitation, and the stones on the hillside fall under the wash of rain, and under the action of gravity, the mud and stones on the top of the mountain roll down. If you find that there has been continuous rain in the mountainous area you are going to before you travel, it is best not to rush into the mountainous area under such environmental conditions, so as to avoid sudden mudslides, you can adjust your travel plan or delay your trip.

3.Stay in the open area

When entering the winding road, pay attention to the sound on the top of the mountain, usually the sign of a landslide is that there will be small stones falling into the mountain on the top of the mountain, if you find that most of the stones fall into the phenomenon during the driving process, quickly park the car in the open area, do not risk moving forward rashly, so as not to lose the escape time. Wait in the open area to observe how often the stones fall, and if you find that the situation is urgent, stay in the open area to take shelter, and wait until the momentum has stabilized before finding a way to leave.

4.Escape safely

In the event of a landslide in a remote mountainous area, if time is tight and there is no time to dodge, the quickest and safest way is to evacuate from the left and right sides of the landslide, because the direction of the landslide is from above to below. Therefore, it is wrong not to go up the hill or down the hill when you are escaping. If you find that there is a mudslide in the mountainous area during driving, you should quickly turn around and leave the dangerous mountain.

When encountering landslides and mudslides, the correct approach is to walk along the valley, and in the event of heavy rain, quickly move to the higher ground and do not stay too much at the bottom of the valley. Watch your surroundings and listen especially for thunderous noises coming from distant valleys, and be on high alert if you hear them, as they may be a sign of an impending mudslide.

Choose leveled heights for camping, avoid slopes with rolling rocks and lots of accumulation as much as possible, and do not camp at the bottom of valleys and ravines. After discovering a debris flow, you should immediately climb the slopes on both sides in a perpendicular direction to the debris flow, the higher you climb, the better, and the faster you run, the better, and you must not go downstream of the debris flow.

Stay calm, observe the terrain, and run strategically, immediately running perpendicular to mudslides and landslides, and never going downstream. When escaping, discard all items that affect the running speed, avoid ditches, river valleys, mud and rock flow directions and landslide directions, choose the nearest area with dense trees to escape, when it is too late or unable to continue to escape, you can quickly hold on to the trees and other fixed objects around you, and then look for opportunities to escape after the flow slows down or stops.

Debris flows are floods in mountain ravines that carry large amounts of sediment and rocks. Mudslides are often accompanied by flash floods, and they come with ferocity, and in a short period of time, a large number of mudslides rampage, rush out of the ditch, and accumulate at the mouth of the ditch. Debris flows are ferocious and often accompanied by landslides, washing away roads, blocking rivers, and even silting up villages and towns, causing great damage to farmland, roads, bridges and other buildings, and bringing great harm to life, property and economic construction.

Debris flow prevention measures: debris flow hazard area, potential danger area or debris flow hazard sensitivity zoning; Strengthen hydrological and meteorological forecasting, especially for small-scale localized heavy rainfall. Local residents should pay attention to the disaster warning and forecast at all times, choose a good evacuation route, and avoid being caught off guard.

Emergency points: If you find signs of debris flow, you should immediately observe the terrain and run to the slopes on both sides of the ravine or to the high ground. When escaping, discard everything that affects your running speed.

Don't hide under steep hills with rolling rocks and lots of accumulation. Don't stay in low-lying areas, and don't climb trees to take shelter.

Signs before the occurrence of mudslides: the river suddenly stops flowing or the water potential suddenly increases, and there is a lot of firewood, grass and tree branches; In a deep valley or ditch there was a sound like the roar of a train or muffled thunder; The depths of the valley suddenly became dark, and there was a slight sensation of vibration. When going to the mountains for outdoor play, you should choose flat highlands as campsites, and avoid the curved concave banks of rivers (ditches) or the convex banks of narrow and low heights as much as possible.

Do not look for camping shelters in ditches or on low levels within ditches. When encountering prolonged rainfall or torrential rain, you should be alert to the occurrence of mudslides.

The methods of self-rescue in the event of landslides and mudslides are:

1. When hiking along the valley, once you encounter heavy rain, find that there is an abnormal sound in the valley or hear an alarm, immediately run to the solid high ground or the side slope of the mudslide, and do not stop in the valley.

2. When you are on a landslide, you should first keep calm and not panic. Look around quickly and evacuate to a safer area. In general, except for high-speed landslides, as long as you act quickly, it is possible to escape from dangerous areas.

When running away, run in the best direction to the sides. In a downhill that slides downward, it is dangerous to run up or down. When encountering a high-speed landslide that cannot be run away, it can not be panicked, and under certain conditions, such as the landslide is sliding as a whole, it is an effective self-rescue measure to stay still or hold on to big trees and other objects.

1. When encountering a landslide, you must first be calm and not panic. Then take the necessary measures to quickly evacuate to a safe place. The disaster shelter site should be selected on the periphery of the boundary on both sides of the landslide-prone slope.

2. When encountering a landslide, run in the direction perpendicular to the rock. In the case of ensuring safety, the closer to the original residence is the better, and the more convenient transportation, water and electricity as possible. Do not run in the direction of the landslide while fleeing.

3. Do not choose the disaster shelter on the uphill or downhill slope of the landslide. Don't run from one danger zone to another without a thorough investigation. At the same time, it is necessary to obey the unified arrangement and not choose your own route.

4. When you can't continue to escape, you should quickly hold on to fixed objects such as trees around you. You can take shelter under strong obstacles, or squat in the sill or ditch. You should take care to protect your head, and you can wrap your head with clothing around you.

5. Immediately report the occurrence of the disaster to the relevant departments or units. Timely reporting is important to mitigate disaster losses.

6. After the landslide stops, you should not go home immediately to check the situation. Because landslides will occur continuously, they rush home, and they will be harmed by the second landslide. Only when the landslide has passed, and the house is far away from the landslide, and it is confirmed that it is safe and sound, you can enter.

7. Clean up and dredge in time to keep rivers and ditches unobstructed. Do a good job of drainage in landslide areas, and cut down dangerous trees and tall trees that may fall at any time according to the specific situation. The steep slope of the highway should be cut to prevent collapse and landslides along the highway.

The main measures to prevent landslides -

1. Drainage: Drainage ditches should be set up to prevent ground water from soaking into the landslide section, and anti-seepage measures should be taken when necessary. In the case of a large impact on groundwater, underground drainage projects should be set up according to geological conditions;

2. Support: According to the magnitude, direction and application point of landslide thrust, gravity anti-slip retaining wall, anti-slide pile and other anti-slip structures can be selected. The base of the anti-slip retaining wall and the pile end of the anti-slide pile should be buried in the stable soil (rock) layer below the sliding surface of the hall.

If necessary, the possibility of the soil (rock) above the top of the wall sliding out of the top of the wall should be calculated;

3. Unloading: Under the condition of ensuring the stability of the rock and soil above the unloading area and on both sides, it can be unloaded in the active area of the sliding body, but it shall not be unloaded in the passive area of the sliding body;

4. Counterpressure: increase the vertical load in the anti-slip section of the sliding body to improve the anti-slip safety factor of the sliding body.

The main measures to defend against mudslides -

1. Choose a good place to live and build a house with high disaster resistance;

2. Do some engineering facilities to prevent debris flow, such as slope protection, retaining wall, dam, dam and other projects, drainage ditches, diversion embankments, rapid flow troughs, aqueducts, sand dams, silt storage sites, interception projects, etc.;

3. The main method of afforestation is to close the mountain for afforestation, stop farming and return to forest, consolidate the topsoil, maintain water and soil, and reduce the probability and scale of debris flow.

You should move to higher ground, seek rescue, run to both sides when encountering a mudslide, and hide under a strong obstacle if you cannot escape in time.

When encountering a flood, you should move to a higher place, if you have enough time, you should follow the route planned in advance, organized, disciplined, like a relatively high mountain slope or high ground to transfer, you can also carry your belongings, if the flood comes more urgently, there is not enough time for people to escape, do not covet property, evacuate to a high place as soon as possible, and save your life is the most important thing.

When the flood comes, if you are surrounded by the flood, you should try to save yourself as much as possible, and you can use floating objects on the water to escape the flood. If you have a boat around, be sure to use it, take a boat to transfer to a safe place on the water, or if you don't have a boat, you can also use the wooden sign or doorknob at home to transfer on the water. When transferring in the water, be sure to pay attention to your physical safety and do not get hit in the water.

When the flood arrives, it is too late to evacuate, you should climb the upper floors of the roof buildings or big trees as soon as possible to take temporary shelter, and call the rescue ** in time to wait for rescue. When waiting for rescue at a high place, pay attention to the surrounding situation, and send a signal to the rescue team when it arrives. Whether it's floods, mudslides or landslides, you have to wait for rescue from the relevant authorities in a safe place.

However, sometimes due to natural disasters, communication is interrupted, and it is impossible to call for help from the outside world, so the rescue work cannot be fast, which is to ensure your own physical safety.

When encountering a debris flow, you must run to both sides of the river, and run to the slopes on both sides of the mountain that are perpendicular to the debris flow, and do not run in the same direction as the debris flow, otherwise the debris flow will chase you forward behind and be easily swallowed by the debris flow. When encountering a landslide, you should also flee to the stable area on both sides of the hillside, and you should not flee to the top or bottom of the landslide to avoid getting yourself injured.

Floods, mudslides, landslides and other disasters are terrifying, and the easiest and most direct way to save yourself is to avoid going near the hillside or near the current.

You can see if there are any boats or wood around, and if you have wood, you can make a small raft and run up as much as you can.