How does a fuel cell work, what is the working principle of a fuel cell

A fuel cell is an energy conversion device, which is based on the electrochemical principle, that is, the working principle of galvanic batteries, isothermal chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidizer.

It is directly converted into electrical energy, so the actual process is a redox reaction.

A fuel cell is mainly composed of four parts, namely anode, cathode, and electrolyte.

and external circuits. Fuel gas and oxidation gas are fed through the anode and cathode of the fuel cell, respectively. The fuel gas emits electrons on the anode, and the electrons are conducted to the cathode through an external circuit and combine with the oxidation gas to form ions.

Under the action of an electric field, ions migrate to the anode through the electrolyte and react with the fuel gas to form a circuit and generate an electric current. At the same time, due to the electrochemical reaction itself and the internal resistance of the battery, the fuel cell will also generate a certain amount of heat. In addition to conducting electrons, the cathode and anode of the battery also act as catalysts for redox reactions.

When the fuel is hydrocarbon.

, the anode requires higher catalytic activity. The cathode and anode are usually porous in structure to facilitate the passage of reaction gases and the discharge of products. The electrolyte plays the role of transferring ions and separating fuel gas and oxidation gas.

In order to prevent the mixing of two gases from causing a short circuit in the battery, the electrolyte is usually a dense structure.

The principle of a fuel cell is an electrochemical device, the composition of which is the same as that of a general battery. The cell consists of two electrodes, positive and negative electrodes (the negative electrode is the fuel electrode and the positive electrode is the oxidant electrode) and an electrolyte. The difference is that the active material of the general battery is stored inside the battery, therefore, the battery capacity is limited.

The positive and negative electrodes of fuel cells do not contain active substances themselves, but are only catalytic conversion elements. Therefore, the fuel cell is a veritable energy conversion machine that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. When the battery is working, the fuel and oxidizer are supplied externally and react.

In principle, as long as the reactants are continuously imported and the reaction products are continuously removed, the fuel cell can continuously generate electricity.

Carbon dioxide when a fuel cell is fueled by hydrogen-rich gases such as natural gas.

The emissions are reduced by more than 40% compared to the heat engine process, which is important for mitigating the greenhouse effect of the planet.

It's very important. In addition, because the fuel gas of the fuel cell must be desulfurized before the reaction, and the electricity is generated according to the electrochemical principle, there is no high-temperature combustion process, so there is almost no emission of nitrogen and sulfur oxides, which reduces the pollution to the atmosphere.

How fuel cells work in high school chemistry.

A fuel cell is a chemical device that directly converts the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy, also known as an electrochemical generator. It is the fourth power generation technology after hydropower, thermal power generation, and nuclear power generation.

Since fuel cells convert the Gibbs free energy in the fuelized footage of academic energy into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction, they are not limited by the Carnot cycle effect, so they are highly efficient. In addition, fuel cells use fuel and oxygen as feedstocks; At the same time, there are no mechanical transmission parts, so there is no noise pollution, and there are few harmful gases emitted. Therefore, from the perspective of energy conservation and ecological environmental protection, fuel cells are the most promising power generation technology.

A power generation device that converts the chemical energy of fuel and oxidizer directly into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. Theoretically, fuel cells can operate at close to 100% thermal efficiency, which is very economical. At present, due to the limitations of various technical factors, considering the energy consumption of the entire device system, the total conversion efficiency of various fuel cells in actual operation is mostly in the range of 45% to 60%, and the heat removal utilization rate can reach more than 80%.

In addition, fuel cell units contain no or few moving parts, which is reliable, requires less maintenance, and is quieter than a traditional generator skid. In addition, the electrochemical reaction is clean and thorough, and very few harmful substances are produced. All this makes fuel cells a promising energy power plant.

Millions of car purchase subsidies.

A fuel cell is a chemical device that directly converts the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy, also known as an electrochemical generator. It is the fourth power generation technology after hydroelectric power, thermal power generation and atomic power generation.

Because the fuel cell converts the Gibbs free energy part of the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, it is not limited by the Carnot cycle effect, so it has high efficiency; In addition, fuel cells use fuel content and oxygen as raw materials; At the same time, there are no mechanical transmission parts, so there is no noise pollution, and there are very few harmful gases emitted. It can be seen that from the perspective of energy conservation and ecological environment protection, fuel cells are the most promising power generation technology.

A power generation device that converts the chemical energy of fuel and oxidizer directly into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. Fuel cells can theoretically operate at close to 100% thermal efficiency, which is highly economical. At present, due to the limitations of various technical factors, the total conversion efficiency of various fuel cells in actual operation is in the range of 45% and 60%, and the utilization of heat exhaust can reach more than 80%.

In addition, fuel cell units contain no or few moving parts, work reliably, require less maintenance, and are quieter than traditional motor units. In addition, the electrochemical reaction is clean and complete, and very few harmful substances are produced. All of this makes fuel cells a promising energy powerplant.

Photo by Qi Hesong) Mercedes-Benz S-Class M5 Ideal One Buick GL8 Xpeng P5 Xpeng Motors P7 @2019

The principle of fuel cell is as the raw fuel, natural gas, etc., as a reactant, after the disturbance of fuel modification, hydrogen is separated, hydrogen enters the battery, and then, the air at the other end also enters the battery, hydrogen and oxygen have a chemical reaction under certain conditions, resulting in a potential difference, thus forming a low-voltage direct current output, because the fuel cell is to directly convert the chemical energy of the substance into electrical energy, so its efficiency is very slow and high, according to the theory, it can reach 90%. But in fact, the fuel cell has a power loss when it undergoes a chemical reaction, so it is the old lead that cannot reach such a high power, which is the working principle of the fuel cell.