Applications of sonar, what are the uses of sonar

Know the accuracy of the instrument in advance.

Surface sonar is installed on surface ships and is used to search for underwater submarines and targets. Underwater sonar is installed on submarines or underwater base stations to search for surface and underwater targets, and its purpose is to be used for combat and navigation. Civil sonar has a wide range of uses, such as sea channel surveying, fish exploration, etc. <

3. Civil sonar is widely used, such as sea channel surveying, fish exploration, etc.

Sonar is also used as sonar. Sonar, which stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging, is an acoustic detection device that uses the propagation and reflection characteristics of sound waves in water to navigate and distance through electroacoustic conversion and information processing.

It was invented in 1906 by Lewis Nixon of the British Navy. The classification of sonar can be divided into various sonars according to its working mode, according to the equipment object, according to the tactical use, according to the carrying mode of the base array, and the technical characteristics.

An important device in sonar, it serves two purposes. One is to emit sound waves underwater, called a transmitting transducer, which is equivalent to a speaker in the air.

The second is to receive sound waves underwater, called receiving transducers, which is equivalent to microphones in the air. Transducers are often used to transmit and receive sound waves at the same time, and transducers specially designed for reception are also called "hydrophones". Transducers work on the principle of piezoelectric or magnetostrictive effect, which uses the piezoelectric or magnetostrictive effect of certain materials to expand and contract under the action of an electric or magnetic field.

Sonar can be used to detect the depth of the sea, sonar can also be used to detect underwater icebergs, and sonar can also be used to detect fish

How it works Sound waves are an important means of observation and measurement. Interestingly, the English word "sound" as a noun is "sound."

When it comes to observation and measurement in water, only sound waves are the only ones that have unique conditions. This is due to the fact that the range of action of other detection means is very short, and the penetration ability of light in the water is very limited, even in the clearest seawater, people can only see objects within ten meters to tens of meters; Electromagnetic waves also decay too quickly in water, and the shorter the wavelength, the greater the loss, even if high-power low-frequency electromagnetic waves are used, they can only propagate a few tens of meters. However, the attenuation of sound waves propagating in the water is much smaller, in the deep-sea channel, a bomb of a few kilograms, 20,000 kilometers away can also receive a signal, low-frequency sound waves can also penetrate the seabed thousands of meters of the formation, and get the information in the formation.

No more effective means of measuring and observing in water than sound waves has been found.

There are 2 types of sonar, the first is passive sonar and the second is active sonar.

1. Passive sonar.

Its working principle is simply that it is a hydrophonic device, through which it receives sound signals from various objects in the water, and then displays it on an oscilloscope or screen through frequency integration.

Through the displayed voiceprint features, it is used to determine the type, distance, relative position, and even movement speed of the object emitting the sound.

Second, active sonar.

1. The principle of active sonar is actually exactly the same as the radar we are familiar with, but the carrier is different, one is the use of electromagnetic waves, and the other is the use of sound waves.

2. Different from passive sonar, active sonar does not passively listen to the sound in the water, but emits a certain frequency of sound waves, which are centered on the emission point and radiate to the surrounding 360° range. When a sound wave hits an object, it is reflected back.

3. The speed at which sound waves are transmitted in water is basically constant. In this way, people can actively detect the distance, bearing and speed of objects in the water. Or avoid obstacles while snorkeling.

In addition, today's high-frequency sonar can even produce three-dimensional topographic maps of the seabed, and the principle is still the same as that of active sonar.

Sonar can be divided into active sonar and passive sonar according to the way it works. Downstairs to answer the principle of active sonar, the principle of active sonar is mainly to take advantage of the good propagation characteristics of sound waves in water (low loss and reflectability). Specifically, after the sound wave emitted by the active sonar encounters different objects, the signal strength and spectrum of the sound wave reflected by the target object are different, and the receiver receives this echo and processes the data, compares it with the database information, and finally detects the detailed information of the target object.

This detection method is easy to expose the target, the sound wave emitted is easy to obtain, the detection wave is short, and the detection distance is short, but compared with passive sonar, its advantage is that it can detect stationary targets. The answer to active sonar downstairs is indeed more detailed. In the case of passive sonar, the principle of operation is different.

Passive sonar does not actively emit sound waves, but detects, locates, and identifies targets by directly receiving the noise of the propellers of enemy ships or the noise emitted by other mechanical work. Therefore, passive sonar has strong concealment, wavelength detection, and strong ability to identify targets.