What is soap made of? What soap is made of

Soap is a yin-activated agent. Soap is a sodium salt or potassium salt of high-grade fatty acids (containing carbon atoms above 15), which is made by saponification of fatty acids with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. For example, stearic acid is saponified with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide to make soap.

The reaction formula is as follows: C17H35Cooh NaOH C17H35Coona H2O

Stearic acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium stearate salt (sodium soap), water, C17H35Cooh, Koh C17H35cook, H2O

Stearic acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium stearate salt (potassium soap), water 1Due to the different uses, soap can be divided into many types, generally hard soap and soft soap. Hard soap is made by saponification of fatty acids and sodium hydroxide (burn 6 4), so it is also called sodium soap.

Soft soap is made by saponification of fatty acids and potassium hydroxide, so it is also known as potassium soap and is used for makeup. Sodium is commonly used in printing and dyeing.

soap, so the description in this section is limited to sodium soap. 2.In the case of sodium soap alone, there are many kinds of fatty acids used.

Some of its raw materials are made of stearic acid, that is, animal fat, such as butter, mutton fat, etc., and their chemical structure is saturated fatty acids. Some use palmitic acid, which is roughly made from vegetable oil, such as palm oil, olive oil, etc., which is unsaturated fatty acids. The common ** soap on the market is generally made of stearic acid, which can be used for printing and dyeing, refining, dyeing, post-processing and other purposes; Soft soaps are of high quality and are generally used in fabric finishing.

Soap is a high-grade fatty acid sodium salt that you know when you go to high school.

Soap is made of grease, wax, rosin, or fatty acids. Soap can be soluble in water and has the effect of washing and decontamination. The various types of soap include soap, also known as toilet soap, metal soap and compound soap.

In fact, soap is a general term for fatty acid metal salts, the number of fatty acid carbon in daily soap is generally 10-18, the metal is mainly sodium or potassium and other alkali metals, and ammonia and some organic alkalis such as ethanolamine, triethanolamine and other special purpose soap. Soaps include laundry soaps, toilet soaps, metal soaps, liquid soaps, as well as related products such as fatty acids, hardened oils, glycerin, etc.

The origin of soap.

The earliest soap recipes originated in Mesopotamia in Western Asia (meaning "the place between two rivers", between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers). Around 3000 B.C., people mixed 1 part oil and 5 parts alkaline vegetable ash to make a detergent, and there are many legends about the origin of soap in Europe. Once, during the festival, there was a sudden heavy rain, and the hairstyle was drenched, but people unexpectedly found that the hair became clean.

Soap is made of lard, mainly lard, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), sodium chloride, ethanol and other materials for dissolution, heating, roasting and a series of steps, oil after the reaction with alkali, the generation of saponification liquid and glycerin, after purification and processing, it is made into soap.

The main raw materials of soap are various animal fats, such as butter, sheep fat, lard, bone oil, and vegetable oils, etc., our common vegetable oils and fats mainly include, rapeseed oil, corn oil, tea seed oil, olive oil, etc., and can not use a single raw material when making soap, because if it is too single, the hardness of the soap will become soft.

What are the types of soaps?

1. General soap: Spice pigments and white soap are pressed into various shapes after grinding, which is the most economical one, and has a good effect on general cleaning and grease removal.

2. Fine grinding soap: also known as "French soap", contains low alkalinity and is made into solid soap after grinding many times, this kind of soap is more expensive, because it is more stable and finer, so it is more commonly used as a face wash.

3. Floating water soap: It is a kind of soap with slightly higher humidity and no grinding, which is easy to contain air characteristics when used, easy to float on the water surface, the cleaning effect is not bad but it is difficult to maintain humidity, it is easy to change shape and change color after storage, and it should be used when it is fresh.

4. Oily soap: add a high concentration of oil when grinding, and a layer of oil will be formed on the surface of the ** when cleaning, which is suitable for people with dry skin, but the washing effect is slightly worse. Because it is often used on babies, it is also called baby soap.

5. Transparent soap: contains more than 10 glycerin and some vegetable oils, which is smooth after use, very similar to oil-based soap, and is often used for people who wash their faces or have dry skin.

6. Special types of soap: such as liquid, gelatinous, or medical, need to add fungicides, scrubs, drugs, deodorants, etc. The cleaning liquids and emulsions produced by cosmetics companies are not liquid soaps, but emulsions or creams containing emulsifiers, which are mainly designed to remove special cosmetics.

7. Essential oil soap: Different from general soap, essential oil soap is extracted from pure natural plant essence, which is mild in nature and contains moisturizing oily ingredients, so it will not be very dry like other soaps. And the alkalinity of essential oil soap is very weak, and it will not hurt **.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Soap.

The basic chemical reaction in soap making is the interaction of oils and alkalis to form soap and glycerol.

Soap is a general term for metal salts of fatty acids. The general formula is rcoom, where rcoo is the fatty acid group and m is the metal ion. The number of fatty acid carbons in daily soap is generally 10-18.

Metals are mainly alkali metals such as sodium or potassium. Ammonia and some organic bases, such as ethanolamine and triethanolamine, are also used to make soaps for special purposes.

The oldest way to make your own soap:

Raw material: lard (or other animal and vegetable oils). NaOH solution (commonly known as caustic soda). Salt. Water. Cook ingredients in a pot.

Method: Add water to the pot and caustic soda (NaOH) at the same time. When the alkali is all melted, add the grease, continue to heat and stir constantly.

After the ingredients in the pot are boiled, switch to low heat and continue to heat, stirring constantly to make the oil fully saponified. This process takes a long time, even a whole day. The sodium of the higher fatty acids produced in the process is the main ingredient of the soap.

After the saponification of the ingredients in the pot is completed, put salt into the pot and stir to fully dissolve the salt and promote the condensation of the soap base. Let stand for 3-5 hours. Pull out the materials that have been left to rest.

When out of the pot, take out the upper layer of soap liquid and put it in the box (or model) containing soap, and wait for it to slowly solidify and form, and after molding, it is the soap base. The soap is formed in a box, and the old-fashioned soap is made.

As follows:

Tools Ingredients: 1/2 cup powdered citric acid, 1 cup baking soda, 1 cup cornstarch, 1 cup cane sugar, food coloring and essential oils.

1. Start mixing. In a large bowl, add the citric acid, baking soda and cornstarch. Mix these dry ingredients well by hand or with a blender. Once well mixed, stir in the sucrose.

2. Add a little water. Use the bottle with the spout to gently wet the mix you just made. Add enough water to make the mixture firm, but be careful not to add too much water so as not to foam. Then soap making can begin.

3. Pour in essential oils and food coloring. But the mixture is easy to shape in your hands when adding your favorite essential oils and pigments. Mix scents and colors to create your own one-of-a-kind soap.

4. Suppress the mixture and weigh the wealth. Use a hemispherical mold or a mold with rounded edges to press the soap ball into it. Forcefully compact the mixture in the mold to prevent cracking.

5. Let the soap air dry. Leave the soap in the mold for at least 24 hours. Place the mold in a cool, dry place to prevent moisture. If, after 24 hours, the soap is still a little damp, remove the soap and let it air dry.

6. Store soap. When the soap doesn't feel damp to the touch, remove the soap from a dry place and store it in an airtight container. Keep the soap away from dampness to prevent it from foaming prematurely, and enjoy it the next time you take a shower.

First, the principle. Fat and sodium hydroxide are boiled together and hydrolyzed into sodium and glycerol, which are processed and molded into soap.

2. Supplies. 150 and 1 300ml beaker, glass stick, alcohol lamp, asbestos net, tripod, lard (or other animal or vegetable fat or oil), NaOH, 95% alcohol, saturated salt water.

3. Operation. (1) In a 150ml beaker, hold 6g of lard and 5ml of 95% alcohol, and then add 10ml of 40% NaOH solution. Stir with a glass rod to dissolve it (heat over a slight heat if necessary).

2) Place the beaker on an asbestos net (or in a water bath) over low heat, stirring constantly with a glass holder. During the heating process, if the alcohol and water are evaporated and reduced, they should be replenished at any time to maintain the original volume. For this purpose, a mixture of alcohol and water (1 1) 20 ml can be pre-prepared for addition.

3) After heating for about 20min, the saponification reaction is basically complete. If you need to test, you can use a glass rod to take out a few drops of the sample and put it into the test tube, add 5 6ml of distilled water to the test tube, heat and shake. When standing, there is oil separation, indicating that the saponification is incomplete, and the lye can be added dropwise to continue the saponification.

4) Slowly add 20ml of hot distilled water to the saponified viscous liquid and stir to make them miscible. Then slowly pour the viscous liquid into a 150ml hot saturated salt solution, stirring as you go. After standing, the soap is salted out and floats, and the soap can be taken out with a glass rod after all the soap is precipitated and solidified, and the soap is made.

Sodium hydroxide is used instead of soap base to make soap, i.e., cold-made soap.

The soap-based soap has the advantage of beautiful appearance, and the disadvantage is that it is very harmful.

Method: Honey wax + olive oil + palm oil. After heating and dissolving over low heat, wait for the temperature to drop to about 60 degrees, pour sodium hydroxide into cold water, mix well, reduce to about 60 degrees, pour into oil, stir until thick, pour into the model, and let it stand for a month to complete.

Commonly used formulas are: coconut oil, palm oil, olive oil, castor oil, glycerin, sugar, ethanol, sodium hydroxide.

Summary. Hello, dear. Soap is a sodium salt of carboxylic acid R-CO2NA, synthetic coloring, synthetic fragrance, preservative, antioxidant, foaming agent, hardener, viscous agent, synthetic surfactant. The main raw material of soap is sodium stearate.

Hello, dear. Soap is made of R-CO2na, the sodium salt of carboxylic acid, synthetic pigments, synthetic fragrances, preservatives, antioxidants, foaming agents, hardeners, viscous agents, and synthetic sail surfactants. The main raw materials of soap are sodium stearate.

Pro, for you to expand the main ingredient of soap R-CO2NA, (sodium stearate (C17H35COONA)), where the R group is generally different, is a variety of hydrocarbon groups. r- is a hydrophobic group, and the carboxyl group is a hydrophilic group. In hard water, fertilizer soap and Ca2+, Mg2+ and other forms curd-like substances, fatty acid calcium salts, etc., which is commonly referred to as "calcium soap" and becomes a useless descaler.

Adding a softener to hard water removes hard water ions and allows the soap to work. Medicated soap is mainly made with some disinfectant added to it. Soap adds fragrance to it.

Soap contains saponine and has strong degreasing power.

Summary. Soaps are generally made from the following main ingredients:

Hello, the raw materials of the soap base, how to make it.

Soaps are generally made from the following main ingredients:

a. Oils or fats, the most common oils and fats are mixed with coconut oil, olive oil, palm oil, etc. These oils contain a high proportion of fatty acids in Tuanzhou, which are the main raw materials for making soap.

b. Use sodium hydroxide (solid cherry alkali lye) or potassium hydroxide (liquid lye) as lye. The lye reacts with the oil to produce a saponification reaction, and the san song changes the oil into soap.

c. Water is used to dissolve lye and adjust the humidity of soap.

Soap base is the basic ingredient for making soap and can be made by the following common methods:

1., saponification, cold preparation of the required oil, such as coconut oil, palm oil, olive oil, etc. According to the preferences and needs of the self-coincidental nuclear Zen self, the blind can choose different oil groups and filial piety.

Use a weighing tool to accurately weigh the amount of grease and lye (meaning sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) you need.

Then, in a safe environment, Lili slowly added the canopy lye to the grease and stirred well. This process is called saponification. Stir the mixture continuously until the freezing point is reached. This procedure may take several hours or more to be searched by the limbs.

Cut the solidified mixture into the desired shape, such as a block or strip. It usually takes a few weeks for the cut mixture to cure when it is placed in a well-ventilated area. Finally, the soap base can be used to make soap products quietly.

2. Prepare the oil and lye that need to be cultivated by alkaline water method and hot method. The grease is heated to a molten state, and then the lye is slowly added. Heat and stir the mixture continuously until the saponification point is reached.

The mixture is then cooled to a cured state. Cut the chanting into the shape you need, and go through the process of solidification and maturation.

Regardless of the method, the process of making soap bases needs to be done safely, following the correct recipe and operating procedures. In addition, different oil and lye ratios, temperature and time will affect the properties of the final product before the change, so experiments and adjustments are required to obtain the ideal soap base. If you don't have the experience or expertise, it's advisable to buy a ready-made soap base or seek guidance from a professional soap maker.