On the issue of the modernization of Chinese society in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

I think the most important thing is that there should be no momentum for this development at that time, because at that time the entire East Asian region had formed a relatively stable system, that is, there was no momentum for development at that time, and there was no very strong opponent in the Ming and Qing dynasties at that time, only a very strong opponent could promote the progress of both sides, and there was no such opponent at that time, so it was not successful in evolution at that time, which is also a very important reason, that is, there was no motivation. If you don't have motivation, you don't know what direction to go, and you don't know and you don't need it.

China had already emerged in the late Ming Dynasty. Some simple business model. Plus workshops.

There are some simple industrial patterns. The rudiments of capitalism are already in place. The Qing Dynasty entered the customs.

The Qing Dynasty was founded by a nomadic people. This germ of capitalism has been directly stifled. The replacement of the Ming Dynasty by the Qing Dynasty was a process of replacing the advanced with backwardness.

Directly beat China back to the original pure feudal society. Begin to retreat. Therefore, the Ming and Qing dynasties did not succeed in keeping up with the international footsteps.

There is no such thing as a successful transformation.

This is related to the decision of the rulers at that time, because the late Qing Dynasty decided to close the country to the country, resulting in the loss of the opportunity to move towards modernization, which was the fundamental reason why China greatly lagged behind the West in modern times.

The Ming Dynasty is hundreds of years away from the present, and it is difficult to say this in the Ming Dynasty. As for the Qing Dynasty, it was completely closed to diplomacy, and living its own without diplomacy led to a gradual departure from the idea of globalization.

Scientists' research shows that at the end of the ancient Ming Empire, there was already an embryonic state of capitalism, due to the Qing Empire's policy of closing the country to the Chinese nation, the Chinese nation fell into the abyss and could not extricate itself, after China's defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Chinese people sought the way to govern the country.

Any success is compromise and revolution, and China's success must be revolution, feudalism, imperialism is too strong, and democracy is too small.

In the economic field, the continuous development and improvement of agriculture and the separation of the personal dependence of craftsmen in the handicraft industry have promoted the continuous development of the folk handicraft industry. On this basis, the commodity economy developed rapidly, commerce flourished, and capitalism sprouted.

In the late Ming Dynasty, in the political field, there were many people openly discussing the government, the society developed to a certain height, the development of agriculture was constantly improved, there were many craftsmen and craftsmen in the handicraft industry, the social economy was prosperous, there were many gods in the ideology called people to China, there were a lot of advanced scientific knowledge, and there were also a lot of rare playthings, and the society in the late Ming Dynasty was quite prosperous.

The social phenomenon in the late Ming Dynasty was that the political system became more and more perfect, and there were many factions in the court, which also promoted the opening of social customs, the development of literati reached a small peak, and the ideological field became more and more open.

The emergence of new social phenomena in the late Ming Dynasty was inevitable, because some crops native to the Americas were introduced to China and were influenced by new ideas, so various new actions were born.

What lessons does the fall of the Ming Dynasty have for China's socialist modernization today? What lessons does the fall of the Ming Dynasty have for the modernization of socialism in China today? The fall of the Ming Dynasty has what lessons to be learned from China's socialist modernization today?

The Ming and Qing dynasties coincided with the decline of ancient Chinese civilization and the gradual transformation to modern civilization.

On the eve of the transformation to industrial civilization, opportunities and challenges coexist, and the dawn of modern times is beginning to appear.

1) Structural variation in the agrarian economy and rural society.

The development of commercial agriculture on an unprecedented scale and at an unprecedented speed has led to profound structural changes in the agricultural economy and rural society. For example, the mortgage system and the perpetual tenant system, which were implemented in the 16th century on the premise of the commercialization and monetization of tenant rights, not only gave tenant farmers complete freedom to manage their estates, but also allowed them to sell their fields, resulting in management rights and land ownership.

Separate. Traditional socio-economic structures.

The variation prompted new agricultural production relations.

and the emergence of the mode of operation, the promulgation of the emancipation of short-term labor, the transition from hierarchical employment to free employment, and the emergence of agrarian capitalism.

Relations of production sprouted.

2) The historic transformation and development of the handicraft industry.

For example, the transformation of the government-run handicraft industry to commercialization and privatization; New handicrafts emerged and dominated production; It has formed famous handicraft centers such as Suzhou and Hangzhou silk weaving industry, Songjiang cotton textile industry, Wuhu pulp and dyeing industry, Foshan mining and metallurgical industry, Jingdezhen porcelain industry, etc.; The new development of the private handicraft industry has strongly promoted the process of commercial prosperity and market expansion; The main handicraft sector saw the emergence of artisanal workshops, artisanal workshops or contractors in the initial stages of capitalist production. These are concentrated in Jiangnan as the development of early industrialization.

3) Monetization and monetization of enslavement.

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, not only did it begin to monetize and the currency was based on silver, but also the circulation and storage increased sharply, and the power of money increased unprecedentedly; The currency business engaged in currency exchange, exchange and preservation came into being; The demand for credit lending is strong, not only the interest-bearing capital has increased sharply, the downward trend of borrowing interest rates has appeared, but also the increase in agricultural productive borrowing, the combination of interest-bearing capital and commercial capital, and the transfer of part of interest-bearing capital to handicraft capital; The enslavement and fiscal influx led to a large number of inflows after the opening of the sea ban in Longqing, which promoted the development of the monetary economy.

4) Regional business gangs.

The formation of a national market.

It was formed in the 16th century in the form of Hui merchants and Jin merchants.

The rise of large merchant capital represented by merchant gangs, the formation of a national market, such as the increase in the variety of commodities and the expansion of the scope of commodity circulation; The unprecedented growth of merchant power and social status have led to the formation of regional merchant gangs; Large-scale long-distance trafficking across regions and international** for imports and exports; Some business gangs have implemented new business methods and labor-management relations, such as the free employment system, the partnership system, the partnership system, and the leader system; Some merchants shifted their commercial capital to industrial capital and operated handicrafts or commercial agriculture.

It is not that this girl is full of talent, but that this girl will not always be hungry and stick to this boy, nor will he be angry because of a little thing, but will know how to tolerate and understand how to be considerate, as a real virtuous helper for her husband.