What are the components of a theodolite? What is the purpose of theodolite alignment?

The main components are as follows:

1. Telescope braking screw.

2. Telescopes.

3. Telescope micro-motion spiral.

4. Horizontal braking.

5. Horizontal micro-motion spiral.

6. Foot spiral.

7. Optical sight.

8. Focus the objective lens.

9. Eyepiece focusing.

10. Microscope focus of dial reading.

11. The vertical disc index tube level micro-moving spiral.

12. an optical centerer.

13. a base round level.

14. an instrument base.

15. a vertical dial.

16. a vertical dial illuminator.

17. Align the level of the department.

18. The horizontal dial position change handwheel.

The theodolite is the mechanical part of the telescope that enables the telescope to point in different directions. The theodolite has two perpendicular shafts to adjust the azimuth and horizontal height of the telescope. A theodolite is an goniometric instrument that is equipped with a telescope, a horizontal dial and an indicator of readings, a vertical dial and an indicator of readings.

The components of a theodolite are as follows:

1. Telescope braking screw.

2. Telescopes.

3. Telescope micro-motion spiral.

4. Horizontal braking.

5. Horizontal micro-motion spiral.

6. Foot spiral.

7. Optical sight.

8. Focus the objective lens.

9. Eyepiece focusing.

10. Microscope focus of dial reading.

11. The vertical disc index tube level micro-moving spiral.

12. an optical centerer.

13. a base round level.

14. an instrument base.

15. a vertical dial.

16. a vertical dial illuminator.

17. Align the level of the department.

18. The horizontal dial position change handwheel.

The role of the theodoliteThe theodolite has two perpendicular shafts to adjust the azimuth and horizontal height of the telescope. The theodolite is equipped with an alignment section, a horizontal dial and an indicator of readings, a vertical dial and an indicator of readings.

The main function of theodolite is to determine the horizontal angle and vertical angle with a horizontal dial and a vertical dial, the theodolite improves the observation accuracy of the angle, simplifies the process of measurement and calculation, and also provides more accurate data for drawing maps. Theodolite is widely used in the measurement of various engineering construction.

Theodolite. It is composed of telescope brake spiral, telescope, telescope micro-motion spiral, horizontal brake, horizontal micro-motion spiral, foot spiral, optical sight, objective lens focusing, eyepiece focusing, dial reading microscope focusing, vertical disc index tube level, micro-motion spiral, optical centerer, base round level, instrument base, vertical dial illuminator, vertical dial illuminator, alignment tube level, horizontal dial position change handwheel.

Theodolite Historical Development:

The original invention of the theodolite was closely related to navigation. At.

Ten. In the 5th and 16th centuries, some developed countries such as England and France.

Because of navigation and warfare, it was necessary to draw various maps and nautical charts.

The earliest maps were made using triangulation, which was to find the location of the third point in the distance based on the observations at two known points, but due to the lack of suitable instruments, the means of angular measurement were limited and the accuracy was not high, so the topographic map was drawn from this.

The accuracy is also not high.

The invention of theodolite improved the observation accuracy of angles, simplified the process of measurement and calculation, and provided more accurate data for mapping. Later, theodolite was widely used in the measurement of various engineering construction.

The theodolite was made by a British mechanic.

Sisson was first developed around 1730, and later improved and molded, and officially used in British geodesy. In 1904, Germany began to produce glass dial theodorites. With the development of electronics, electronic theodolite appeared in the 60s.

On this basis, an electronic tachymeter was made in the 70s.

The structure of the theodolite (the main commonly used parts): telescope brake spiral, telescope, telescope micro-motion spiral, horizontal brake, horizontal micro-motion helix, foot helix, optical sight, objective lens focusing, eyepiece focusing, dial reading microscope focusing.

Vertical disc index tube level, micro motion spiral, optical centering device, base round level, instrument base, vertical degree plate, vertical degree plate illumination mirror, illumination part tube level, horizontal dial position change handwheel.

The telescope is connected to the vertical disk and mounted on the bracket of the instrument, which is called the illumination part of the instrument and belongs to the upper part of the instrument. The telescope, together with the vertical disk, can rotate in the vertical plane around the horizontal axis, and the telescope's collimation axis should be orthogonal to the horizontal axis, and the horizontal axis should pass through the depiction center of the water disk. The number axis of the alignment part (the rotation axis of the alignment part) is inserted into the shaft sleeve of the instrument base, and the alignment part can be rotated horizontally.

Application: Theodolite is a tool used to measure horizontal and transverse angles, mainly used for triangulation. It is the most important tool for surveying and engineering work, especially in places that are difficult to reach. However, it is sometimes used in meteorology and rocket-off.

The theodolite has a telescope, the mechanical part of the telescope that allows the telescope to point in different directions. The theodolite has two transverse shafts to adjust the azimuth and horizontal height of the telescope.

This type of platform is very simple and inexpensive, and is mainly used for terrestrial telescopes (geodetic surveying, bird watching, etc.), and if it is used to observe celestial objects in detail, since the direction of the celestial body's diurnal and circumferential motion is usually not transverse or parallel to the horizon, it must rotate two axes at the same time and convert torque over time to track the celestial object.

However, other celestial objects in the field of view will rotate relative to the target celestial body, and unless a mechanism is added to counteract the rotation of the field of view, it is not suitable for long-term astrophotography.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Theodolite.

The theodolite consists of three parts: the base, the degree dial (horizontal dial and the vertical dial) and the alignment part. The pedestal is used to support the entire instrument. The horizontal dial is used to measure the horizontal angle. On the illumination department, there are telescopes, leveling tubes, and reading devices.

The theodolite is the main goniometric instrument in the surveying work. It is composed of a telescope, a horizontal dial, a vertical dial, a leveler, a base, etc. When measuring, the theodolite is placed on a tripod, the center of the instrument is aligned with the ground measuring station with a vertical ball or optical pointer, the instrument is leveled with a level, the telescope is aimed at the measurement target, and the horizontal angle and vertical angle are measured with a horizontal dial and a vertical dial.

According to the accuracy, it is divided into precision theodolite and ordinary theodolite; According to the reading equipment, it can be divided into optical theodolite and vernier theodolite; According to the shaft structure, it is divided into a double theodolite and a direction theodolite. In addition, there are coded dial theodolite that automatically records dial readings by coded perforation; automatic tracking theodolite with continuous automatic aiming at air targets; Gyro-theodolite and laser theodolite that use the principle of gyro-orientation to quickly and independently determine the orientation of ground points; It is an all-round theodolite for astronomical observation with three functions: theodolite, meridian and zenith; Combining a camera with a theodolite for photographic theodolite for terrestrial photogrammetry, etc.

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The purpose of theodolite alignment is to place the instrument so that the center of the instrument and the station marker are on the same plumb line. Vertical ball alignment or optical alignment can be utilized. Moreover, the purpose of theodolite leveling is to make the vertical axis of the instrument in the plumb position by adjusting the bubble of the level tube.

Theodolite is a kind of measuring instrument designed according to the principle of angle measurement to measure horizontal angle and vertical angle, which is divided into two types: optical theodolite and electronic theodolite, and the most commonly used is electronic theodolite. The theodolite is the mechanical part of the telescope that enables the telescope to point in different directions.

Function: When measuring, place the theodolite on a tripod, use a vertical ball or optical pointer to align the center of the instrument to the ground measuring station, use a level to level the instrument, aim at the measurement target with a telescope, and measure the horizontal angle and vertical angle with a horizontal dial and a vertical dial. According to the accuracy, it is divided into precision theodolite and ordinary theodolite;

According to the reading equipment, it can be divided into optical theodolite and vernier theodolite; According to the shaft structure, it is divided into a double theodolite and a direction theodolite. In addition, there are coded dial theodolite that automatically records dial readings by coded perforation; automatic tracking theodolite with continuous automatic aiming at air targets; Gyro-theodolite and laser theodolite that use the principle of gyro-orientation to quickly and independently determine the orientation of ground points;

It is an all-round theodolite for astronomical observation with three functions: theodolite, meridian and zenith; Combining a camera with a theodolite for photographic theodolite for terrestrial photogrammetry, etc.

The theodolite is mainly composed of a base, a telescope, and a horizontal dial.

1. a pedestal. A theodolite base is a device used to support and cover a theodolite, usually made of metal. A theodolite is an instrument used to measure the latitude and longitude of a point on the earth's surface, and it needs to be placed on a smooth base to ensure the accuracy of the measurement.

The theodolite base usually consists of two parts: the base and the stand. The base is the main part of the theodolite base, which is usually round or square, with three or four feet at the bottom to ensure the stability of the base.

The bracket is the part used to hold the theodolite, usually consisting of two or three arms, and the length and angle of the bracket can be adjusted as needed. The manufacture of the theodolite base requires precision machining and assembly technology to ensure the stability and stability of the base. When using a theodolite for measurements, the theodolite needs to be placed on the base and the length and angle of the bracket adjusted as needed to ensure the accuracy of the measurement.

2. Telescopes.

A theodolite telescope is an instrument used to measure the latitude and longitude of points on the earth's surface, and it usually consists of a telescope, a theodolite, and a stand. The telescope is the core part of the theodolite telescope, which is used to observe objects on celestial bodies and on the ground, and is usually characterized by high magnification and high resolution. The theodolite portion of a theodolite telescope is used to measure the direction and angle of the telescope to determine the latitude and longitude of a target.

The bracket section is used to support and fix the telescope and theodolite to ensure the accuracy of the measurements.

Theodolite telescopes are commonly used in astronomical observation, geographic surveying, navigation and other fields, and it has the characteristics of high precision, high resolution and high reliability. In astronomical observations, theodolite telescopes can be used to observe the positions and trajectories of stars and planets; In geographic surveying, theodolite telescopes can be used to measure the latitude and longitude of points on the earth's surface; In navigation, theodolite telescopes can be used to determine the position and course of ships and aircraft. <>

3. Horizontal dial.

A theodolite leveling plate is an instrument used to measure the levelness of a theodolite, usually made of a metal material. A theodolite is an instrument used to measure the latitude and longitude of a point on the earth's surface, and it needs to be placed on a smooth base to ensure the accuracy of the measurement. The leveling dial is the part used to measure the levelness of the theodolite, and it is usually installed on the base of the theodolite.

The theodolite leveling plate usually consists of two parts: the base and the level. The base is the main part of the leveling dial, usually round or square, with three or four feet at the bottom to ensure the stability of the leveling dial.

The spirit level is the part used to measure the levelness of the theodolite, usually consisting of a bubble tube and a dial, on which the level is marked with a scale of levelness.

1. The part of the tomb destroyed by the pedestal, which is used to support the base illumination department, has three foot spirals, and its function is to level the instrument.

2. The alignment part is the main component of the theodolite.

3. The components of the alignment part include a leveling tube, an optical return device, a bracket, a horizontal axis, a vertical dial, a telescope, a dial reading system, etc.

4. The dial part, the DJ6 optical theodolite dial has a horizontal leakage stool dial and a vertical dial, both of which are made of optical glass.

The operation steps of the theodolite: first set up the instrument: Place the theodolite on the head of the rack, let the head of the frame be roughly horizontal, and then tighten the connecting spiral.

The purpose of aligning the theodolite is to make the center of the instrument and the measuring station on the same plumb line. You can move the tripod and rotate the foot spiral at will to make the alignment mark accurately align with the center of the measuring station. Then level the instrument so that the vertical axis of the instrument is plumb, and the leveling dial must be horizontal.

Coarse flat telescopic legs to center the round level bubbles. Finally, check whether the alignment mark deviates from the ground point. If it deviates, unscrew the connecting spiral on the tripod, translate the instrument base so that the alignment mark is accurately aligned with the center of the measuring station, and then tighten the connecting spiral.

Rotate the foot spiral so that the tube level bubble is centered.

Precautions: When transporting the instrument, it should be transported and moved in the original packaging box. When moving the instrument and tripod together at close range, keep the instrument upright.

The plug should be turned off before unplugging. The battery must be turned off before replacement. The instrument should only be stored in a dry room.

It should be protected from sunlight, rain, and collision and vibration. It is strictly forbidden to point the instrument directly at the sun.

Theodolite is divided into vernier theodolite, optical theodolite and electronic theodolite according to the different dial scales and reading methods. At present, China mainly uses optical theodolite and electronic theodolite, and vernier theodolite has long been eliminated.

The horizontal dial and vertical dial of optical latitude and longitude are made of glass, and the circumferential edge of the dial plane is engraved with equally spaced reticles, and the central angle of the two adjacent reticle spacing is called the lattice value of the dial, also known as the minimum lattice value of the dial.