What is the function of a microcontroller? What are the uses?

A single-chip microcomputer, also known as a single-chip microcontroller, is not a chip that completes a certain logic function, but integrates a computer system into a chip. It is equivalent to a miniature computer, and compared with a computer, the microcontroller only lacks the IO device. In a nutshell:

A chip becomes a computer. It is small in size, light in weight and cheap, which provides convenient conditions for learning, application and development. At the same time, learning to use a microcontroller is the best choice to understand the principles and structure of computers.

The use of single-chip microcomputer has been very wide, such as smart meters, real-time industrial control, communication equipment, navigation systems, household appliances, etc. Once a variety of products are used in single-chip microcomputers, they can play a role in upgrading the product, and often preceded by adjectives in front of the product name - "intelligent", such as intelligent washing machines.

Slip of microcontroller with caution application.

1. The application of single-chip microcomputer in intelligent instrumentation is widely used in various instruments and meters, so that the instrumentation is intelligent, and can improve the degree of automation and accuracy of measurement, simplify the hardware structure of the instrument, and improve its performance ratio.

2. The application of single-chip microcomputer in mechatronics Mechatronics is the direction of the development of the machinery industry. Mechatronics products refer to mechanical and electrical products that integrate mechanical technology, microelectronics technology and computer technology and have intelligent characteristics.

For example, microcomputer-controlled lathes, drilling machines, etc. As the controller in the product, the single-chip microcomputer can give full play to its advantages of small size, high reliability and strong function, which can greatly improve the automation and intelligence of the machine.

3. The application of single-chip microcomputer in real-time control single-chip microcomputer is widely used in various real-time control systems. For example, in various real-time control systems such as industrial measurement and control, aerospace, cutting-edge, robotics, etc., a single-chip microcomputer can be used as a controller. The real-time data processing ability and control function of the single-chip microcomputer can keep the system in the best working condition and improve the work efficiency and product quality of the system.

4. The application of single-chip microcomputer in distributed multi-machine system is often used in more complex systems. The multi-machine system is generally composed of a number of single-chip microcomputers with different functions, each of which completes a specific task, and they are connected and coordinated with each other through serial communication.

In this kind of system, the single-chip microcomputer is often used as a terminal, which is installed on some nodes of the system to measure and control the field information in real time. The high reliability and strong anti-interference ability of the single-chip microcomputer enable it to work at the front end in harsh environments.

5. The application of single-chip microcomputer in human life Since the birth of single-chip microcomputer, it has entered human life, such as washing machines, refrigerators, electronic toys, tape recorders and other household appliances with single-chip microcomputer, which has improved the degree of intelligence and increased functions, and is much loved by people. SCM will make human life more convenient, comfortable and colorful.

To sum up, single-chip microcomputer has become an important aspect of computer development and application. On the other hand, the significance of the application of single-chip microcomputer also lies in the fact that it fundamentally changes the traditional control system design ideas and design methods.

Most of the functions that used to have to be performed by analog or digital circuits can now be implemented by a microcontroller through software. This kind of control technology in which software replaces hardware is also known as micro-control technology, which is a revolution in traditional control technology.

SCM is widely used in the fields of instrumentation, household appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, intelligent management and process control of special equipment.

1. Intelligent instruments.

The use of single-chip microcomputer control makes the instrument digital, intelligent, miniaturized, and the function is more powerful than the use of electronic or digital circuits. For example, precision measuring devices (voltmeters, power meters, oscilloscopes, various analyzers).

2. Industrial control stupid bridge system.

SCM has the advantages of small size, strong control function, low power consumption, strong environmental adaptability, flexible expansion and convenient use, etc., with SCM can form a variety of control systems, data acquisition systems, communication systems, signal detection systems, wireless perception systems, measurement and control systems, robots and other application control systems. For example, the intelligent management of the factory assembly line, the intelligent control of the elevator, various alarm systems, and the computer network to form a secondary control system.

3. Household appliances.

Household appliances are widely controlled by single-chip microcomputers, from rice cookers, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, color TVs, other audio equipment, to electronic weighing equipment and white goods.

4. Network and communication.

Modern single-chip microcomputer generally has a communication interface, can be very convenient with the computer for data communication, provides excellent material conditions for the application of computer network and communication equipment, communication equipment basically realizes single-chip microcomputer intelligent control, from mobile phones, first-class machines, small program-controlled switches, building automatic communication call systems, train wireless communication, infiltration and then to the daily work of the mobile everywhere, trunking mobile communication, radio walkie-talkie, etc.

5. Equipment field.

MCUs are also widely used in medical equipment, such as medical ventilators, various analyzers, monitors, ultrasound diagnostic equipment and hospital bed call systems.

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The role of the microcontroller is to connect the CPU, RAM, ROM, I O ports on the micro together, just like the human head, and plays a central role in program programming, calculation and operation, and instruction issuance.

Single-chip microcomputer (single-chip microcomputer) is an integrated circuit chip, which is the use of ultra-large-scale integrated circuit technology to handle the number of processor CPU, RAM, read-only memory ROM, a variety of I O ports and interrupt systems, timing Hu Qing, counters and other functions (may also include display drive circuits, pulse width modulation circuits, analog multiplexers, A D converter and other circuits) integrated into a silicon wafer to form a small but complete microcomputer system, which is widely used in the field of industrial control. From the 80s of the last century, from the 4-bit and 8-bit single-chip microcomputers at that time, to the current 300m high-speed single-chip microcomputer.

Simply put, it's used to store data.

51 MCU is a collective term for all MCUs compatible with the Intel 8031 command system. The ancestor of this series of single-chip microcomputers is Intel's 8004 single-chip microcomputer, and later with the development of flash ROM technology, 8004 single-chip microcomputer has made great progress and has become one of the most widely used 8-bit single-chip microcomputers, and its representative model is AT89 series of Atmel.

It is widely used in industrial measurement and control systems. Many companies have launched compatible models of the 51 series, which will have a large market for a long time to come. 51 single-chip microcomputer is a basic entry single-chip microcomputer, or the most widely used one.

It should be noted that the 51 series microcontroller generally does not have self-programming capabilities.

Single-chip microcomputer can perform drive control tasks according to the program, and can also be randomly controlled according to real-time instructions or perception, as for the use, incomplete: single-chip microcomputer is widely used in industrial and agricultural production equipment, household appliances, children's toys, various aircraft, mobile machinery, automobiles, etc.