How did the ancients keep warm in winter?

In ancient times, there were stoves in people's homes, and if it was an emperor or a general, there would be someone who was responsible for lighting the fire, and it would be replaced every once in a while to ensure that the temperature in the room was warm.

The ancients wore fur in winter to keep warm from the cold, which was the practice of the rich, and the rich were directly roasted on the fire.

Most of them use animal fur or thatch for heating, and rich families can also burn charcoal, and those who have nothing are of course easy to freeze to death.

They will wear some animal fur on their bodies, or they will also burn some charcoal fire to survive the cold winter.

In ancient times, the rich and noble families had heating, the south was mainly charcoal-burning, and the northern part could be pankang, and there were also charcoal-burners. Ordinary people are cat winters, and there is no farm work in ancient winters, so most of the time it is cat winters at home, and the family is warm on a kang. Poor families had to collect firewood for warmth, and people often died of hunger and cold.

In the beginning, charcoal was burned in the emperor's bedroom or dormitory for heating, and other places in the palace were also used for heating, so in ancient times, people died every year due to carbon poisoning.

In ancient times, there was no modern term for "central heating" in winter, but this does not mean that there is no heating. In the Qin and Han dynasties, rooms that could adjust the indoor temperature in winter appeared, and they were called "temperature adjustment rooms", which was quite similar to the modern "air-conditioned room". The "temperature tone" in the phrase "the court inherits the east, and the temperature adjusts to the north" in the Eastern Han Dynasty scientist Zhang Heng's "Xijing Fu" is talking about this kind of temperature adjustment room.

First of all, you have to wear more clothes, and the most important thing is the stove, the palace maid and the eunuch follow the emperor with the stove, and you can get warm when you go to **.

There is a kind of utensil called Tang Po, which is similar to the hand warmer used now, with hot water in it, and it can be held at any time, and the outside is surrounded by a fur, but it is not cold at all.

In ancient times, there was no invention of electricity, so the main energy source for people's heating was fire, mainly warm objects such as stoves and fire walls.

A high courtyard wall was built to resist the cold wind, and heating facilities similar to floor heating were built, and braziers, stoves, and hot pots were burned.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, utensils began to be used to burn charcoal for heating, and the name of the utensils was called the furnace. During the Qin Dynasty, "fireplaces" and "fire walls" appeared in the nobility and imperial palaces for heating.

They have a thing called a soup po, which makes us have a hand warmer bag now. In addition, those houses in the north can also be heated inside, and firewood can be added outside, and heat can be generated on the kang where you sleep.

Hand stove oven neck mink coat, palace and earth dragon, similar to kang.

The ancients used soup pots, soup pots, and home heating utensils to fill them with hot water and place them in the bedding to raise the temperature. It is a flattened round pot of copper or magnet with a screw opening at the top, through which hot water is poured in. There are copper, tin, ceramic and other materials, generally pumpkin shape, small mouth, and a cover inside the lid to prevent leakage.

The water-filled "soup woman" screws the nut cap and stuffs it into a cloth bag of similar size and puts it in the quilt, so that it is very warm to sleep at night. There was already in the Song Dynasty. Also known as "Mrs. Tin", "Tang Yuan", "Foot Woman", "Hot Woman".

The name of the soup woman has been around for a long time. "Tang", in ancient Chinese, refers to boiling water; "Mother-in-law" jokingly refers to its function of accompanying people to sleep.

The pavilions are hollow, and there is a special space at the bottom of the room for charcoal fires. Keep burning charcoal fires, and it's warm.

In the era when there was no heating, how did the ancients survive the winter? Winter is a very difficult season, not only to wear a thick down jacket, but also to turn on the air or heating when you go indoors, although the winter is very difficult now, but the current conditions are not better than in ancient times. Many people will definitely think of the cotton clothes they wear in the costume film and television dramas we usually watch, or other ways, but according to the research of historians, there was no empty withering and heating in ancient times, and there was not as advanced technology as we have now, and there was not even a cotton jacket, because cotton has only been available since the Yuan Dynasty, so how did people in ancient times keep warm in winter?

1.Use a warm pavilion to keep warm

First, use a warm pavilion to keep warm. The ancient warm pavilion is similar to our current floor heating, there is a building called the warm pavilion in the ancient palace, and it is also a special winter place for the emperor, this kind of pavilion is hollow, there will be a special pipe under the warm pavilion room, which can put some red-hot charcoal for charcoal fire, and the servants will burn charcoal under the attic, so that the heating will pass into the warm pavilion, and the emperor will feel that the soles of his feet are hot, so that the whole house is very warm, It's just that this method can only be used by the emperor, and the ordinary people can't enjoy this kind of treatment.

2.I warm myself with a stove and a hot spring woman

Second, use a stove and a soup bowl to keep warm. In ancient times, it was very commonly used to be a stove or brazier, which was the most direct and economical way to heat up, from the royal relatives to the common people, everyone liked it very much, and this heating method was also very common. However, unlike a stove, a stove can be lit with a little firewood, and the stove needs charcoal and coal to light it, which requires a lot of financial resources, so it is more commonly used in large households.

Wealthy people can also use it, and under normal circumstances, poor people can't afford to use such a warm tool. During the Song Dynasty, a special warmth tool appeared, and that was Tang Pozi. When we watch costume dramas, we often see that similar to our current hand warmers, this kind of cost is relatively low, and it is a commonly used heating artifact for ordinary people.

3.Eat some healthy food or wine to replenish energy to keep warm

Third, eat some healthy food or wine to replenish energy to keep warm. The average poor person could not afford to burn either charcoal or coal. In the cold winter, in order to keep out the cold, the ancients would choose to eat some healthy food to replenish their energy.

Ginger and warm foods such as dog meat and lamb are generally chosen. In addition, people would also drink some alcohol to keep warm from the cold, and at that time, people discovered that they could keep out the cold.

Nowadays, in the cold winter months, we have air conditioning and heatingNever worry about the cold again. But in the era of science and technology, the ancients tried every way to resist the cold of winter, and it is precisely because of the wisdom of the ancient people that we have now, and many of the current warmth technology is also evolved step by step from the ancients.

In ancient times, there was no heating, people wore thick clothes for the winter, and there was no machinery in ancient times, people needed to work by themselves to eat, labor would sweat, the body would be warm, and it would not be too cold.

In ancient times, people would burn the earth dragon in winter, and poor people would burn kang, but in ancient times, many people would freeze to death in winter.

Ordinary households burn charcoal or firewood for the winter. Wealthy families would use animal fur to make fur coats to keep them warm for the winter.

The ancients would choose to burn something in winter, or make a hand stove to survive the winter, but ordinary people did not have such conditions.

Ancient people also had a lot of heating equipment, for example, they would put some stoves in the house, they would hold the kind of hand warmer with carbon fire in their hands, etc., and they would also drink boiled wine to keep warm.

1. Roast the fire. This is the simplest way to keep warm, in fact, after the emergence of human beings, this way appeared, but initially it was not only used for heating, but also used to drive away wild beasts, in ancient caves, such a way is very reliable, even in feudal society, baking fire is also the most common, the most effective way, but there are obvious defects in this way, that is, it is easy to catch fire, after all, ancient buildings are mainly wooden, accidentally set the house on fire, in case you fall asleep, The brigade did not lose his life.

2. Burn furnace smoker. This is a kind of heating stove, the most common material is pottery, and among the princes and nobles, the common is bronze, after all, the use of copper by the ancient Qijian people has been very perfect, and the plasticity of copper is strong, can make a variety of shapes, heat dissipation performance is also very good, the same principle of brazier and smoker, you can put spices in it, this is a favorite way of heating for literati, but only large families can afford to use it.

3. Fire pit. Also known as the ondol, it can be said to be the oldest "large" way of heating. There is such a facility in Banpo, Jiangzhai and other sites, which is a kind of stove kang that combines cooking and heating and is set up near the door.

It is also recorded in the Song Wenjian that the northern Jurchen people "surround the house as an earthen bed, blazing under it, and eating and drinking on it, called the kang, in order to keep it warm", the working principle of this kang is that there are pores inside, and in winter, the heat generated by combustion enters the channel in the kang to heat up.

4. Ground kang. This is a relatively advanced way of heating, dig a fire pit on both sides of the house, and build a state bench stove in the pit, when the stove is in use, the heat is transmitted to the ground of the room through the effect of the channel, and the whole house is heated by using the heat dissipation effect of the ground, and this can avoid gas poisoning, the most complete existing is the ground kang of the Qianqing Palace.

5. Wall of fire. In fact, the principle is the same, when the ancients built the house, the house of the palace was built into a hollow, and left a passage on the wall, leaving a charcoal mouth, and the people burned the fire at the charcoal mouth, so that the heat can heat the whole house, and the air hole was added to the fire wall, so that the gas could be discharged, this way existed relatively early, there is such a design in the Xianyang Palace of the Qin Dynasty, and it can be confirmed in the ruins at present.

6. Greenhouse hall and pepper room. The ancients used pepper to heat, which is the most common heating material, and the so-called greenhouse hall and pepper room, in fact, is to use pepper to make a house, mainly cinnamon, set up a fire Qi (mica) screen, there is a feather tent, the ground is covered with a blanket from the Western Regions, and it is very warm to live.