Why were the nomadic peoples of the north unable to be exterminated in ancient times?

This is because the nomadic peoples of the north are very powerful and very brave, so they cannot be exterminated.

Because the nomads in the north are uncertain and their combat effectiveness is particularly strong, they have not been able to be eliminated.

Because they are very mobile and react very quickly, there is no way to eliminate them.

That's because in ancient times, the northern nomads lived in scattered settlements, and they lived on horseback all year round, and the people in the Central Plains could not adapt to such a life, so it was not suitable to station troops in that area all year round.

Because these nomads had no fixed residence, they often changed their place of residence, so the ancient emperors could not send a large army to exterminate them directly.

In the north of China, the vicissitudes of life have changed, and we see today the great desert, large basins, Mongolian plateaus, Siberian black soil, and large areas of primeval forests. In ancient times, it was a place with a pleasant climate of abundant water and grass, rivers and lakes.

This is the birthplace of mankind and the origin of human culture. Large lakes have dried up and turned into basins, the terrain has been raised, and the vertical and horizontal rivers have disappeared and become deserts, and in some places have become thousands of miles of grasslands.

The population has shifted dramatically. The steppe became the home of nomads. The desert is deserted for thousands of miles. The entire western part of the country was uplifted, creating the Himalayas. Humans began to move to places adapted to human life, and the inertia of this migration continued.

The elevation of the terrain has created the topography of China with high topography in the west and low in the east, and the terrain of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River flowing eastward. The Yellow River Basin is the birthplace of the Chinese nation, where there was originally fertile land that nurtured the ancestors of the Chinese nation. Due to the continuous elevation of the terrain, it has become a Loess Plateau.

In the north of the Loess Plateau is the Mongolian Plateau, where many nomadic people are raised, and they have the habit of nomadic life.

The fertile land in the Yellow River basin has nurtured many farming peoples.

Tens of thousands of years have passed, the Yellow River Basin gave birth to the Chinese civilization, the Mongolian Plateau gave birth to the nomadic civilization, and the cultivation of the habit of the farming people to stick to their homeland, and the nomadic people's scattered wandering and grazing habits, so that when the nomads encounter the arid pasture and barrenness, they will move south to graze and enter the homeland of the farming people, and conflicts and wars occur.

It caused thousands of years of nomadic invasion to the south and destroyed the living order of the farming people.

These nomadic people have evolved into many countries today, and they also live in the north of China, and the various nomadic peoples in the north and the farming peoples in the south collectively call them the Xiongnu.

Today, the progress of human production tools has led to the progress of society, the improvement of living conditions, and the ancient habit of survival no longer exists. Today, all ethnic groups live in harmony in their homeland. Civilization develops, living and working in peace and contentment.

This is due to climatic conditions. There is an isoprecipitation line in northern China. The annual precipitation should be less than 400 mm north of the precipitation line, and the south of the precipitation line should be more than 400 mm.

If you grow crops in the area north of the isoprecipitation line, you can't survive, so you can only graze, which is why the nomads are in the north.

Due to the climate, the north of the Great Wall is suitable for grazing.

On the surface, the biggest difference between nomads and agrarian peoples is the difference between settlement and mobility, civilization and primitiveness, but the deeper difference is the difference between observance and destruction of rules.

Agrarian peoples are not innate, but also developed from the original nomadic peoples. The formation of an agrarian nation has gone through a very long process, ranging from thousands of years to tens of thousands of years.

First, the form as a well-behaved farming nation.

The unity of ideology and understanding and the formation of rules are not something that can be formulated or prescribed by any one person, nor can they be formed overnight, but is a summing up of countless gains, losses, and wins and losses in the course of long-term life, production, and struggle, and is also the result of the continuous accumulation of historical experience and scientific progress.

Agrarian peoples are the creators and guardians of human civilization, not because they do not understand aggression and expansion, but because they clearly know from historical experience what the results of aggression and expansion are, because they have experienced too many things.

They know that there is no shortcut to social development, and there is no trick to the progress of human civilization, and only by working hard, step by step, and doing things according to rules and regulations is the right path for human development.

Although this mode of development sometimes seems to be relatively slow and sluggish, it is the most solid, scientific and vigorous development model in the long river of history.

Ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon, ancient India and other civilizations are not because their civilization is underdeveloped and not advanced, but because their civilization foundation is not solid, the civilization time is not long enough, and the degree of civilization is not deep enough, so it is difficult to cope with and exert influence in the face of the impact of multiple nomadic peoples, which eventually leads to the loss of its advanced civilization until it completely extincts. Among the four ancient civilizations, only the Chinese civilization has not been interrupted and has been passed down to this day.

Tatar was transferred from the Mongolian Tatar Department of the Ming Dynasty, and the meaning of the term "Northern Nomad (Mongolia)" was expanded, referring to the northern ethnic minorities.

Generally speaking, Tatar, refers to the Tatars, that is, the Tatars. They were a nomadic people living in southern Siberia who later merged with the Mongols and accompanied Genghis Khan on his expedition to the west. The Mongols are a people who inherited the name "Tatar" from the lower tribe.

At the time of the Mongol invasion of the West, the Russian princes still did not call them Mongols, but Tatars.

When the Mongol aristocracy ruled China, the Mongol aristocracy of the Yuan Dynasty carried out brutal ethnic repression against the Han and other fraternal peoples, treating the Han as the most despicable slaves by dividing them into four classes. In order to consolidate its dominance, it also organized the ten families together, and stipulated that the ten families were only allowed to use a kitchen knife, and the Han people were not allowed to have any freedom. These soldiers did all kinds of evil, and everyone hated them to the core, and they all called them "Tartars" or "Stewards".

When the Han Chinese rebelled against Manchu rule during the Qing Dynasty, "Tartar" became a slurical term for the Qing rulers. From the establishment of the Xingzhong Society at the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Xinhai Revolution, many anti-Qing proclamations used the term "Tatar" to refer to the Qing court. Sun Yat-sen founded the Xingzhong Association in Honolulu, and the oath is:

Expelling the Tartars and restoring China".

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the party's various ethnic policies were generally implemented. Words that hurt the feelings of ethnic minorities, such as "killing tartars and shivering brighteners", are no longer used. The legends that reappeared at this time were also dealt with in a bland tone.

After years of washing and purification, this popular story gradually faded out.

Among the elements that make up the natural environment, climate is a factor that changes frequently, and climate changes determine the abundance and failure of agricultural production, and agriculture is the economic lifeblood of agricultural society, and its changes directly affect social stability. From the perspective of Chinese history, climate change is often the most direct reason for the northern nomads to go south to the Central Plains.

In the past 5,000 years, China's climate change has been distinctly cyclical, with cold periods alternating with warm periods.

Corresponding to this alternation of warm and cold periods is the alternation of small-scale border invasion by northern nomads and large-scale southward pursuit of the Central Plains. Historically, the regional or national regimes established by the northern nomads in the Central Plains mostly occurred during the cold period. In the warm period, the temperature is higher, the precipitation is abundant, which is conducive to agricultural production, the whole social economy is relatively prosperous, and the political stability is stable, and the northern nomads have neither the need nor the possibility of large-scale southward movement.

In the cold period, the temperature is lower than that in the warm period1 2, the precipitation is significantly reduced, the temperate grassland will move southward about 200 kilometers, and the northern nomads will inevitably move south on a large scale with the southward migration of the grassland in order to survive. The dry and cold climate also destroyed the cultivation industry of the Han people, often thousands of miles of red fields, no harvest of grains, coupled with the tyranny of the ruling class, the internal war of the Han nationality broke out, which greatly reduced the ability to resist the southward movement of the nomads, and made the northern nomads enter the Central Plains a reality.

Consequences:1. First of all, the southward movement of the northern nomads, most of which was carried out in the form of war, undoubtedly caused tremendous damage to the lives and property of the people in the Central Plains, caused huge losses to the society and production in the Central Plains, hindered the development of productive forces, and was a retrogression of civilization.

2。On the other hand, although the ethnic minorities in the north ruled the Han nationality, due to their backward civilization, they had to adopt the advanced production methods of the Han nationality and learn the advanced culture of the Han nationality"Sinicization".Objectively, it has further promoted ethnic exchanges and accelerated ethnic integration.

1.environmental factors, because the grassland resources are poor, looking for resources.

2.For the sake of wealth, human nature.

3.Enjoy the desire to conquer.

Causes: The climate is getting colder, the pastures are barren, the cattle and sheep are freezing and starving to death, and the human beings are unable to survive, so they migrate southward and conflict with the Central Plains.

The result was either victory or defeat but all were assimilated by the Central Plains.

The purpose is simple, it is wealth. Nomads do not value land very much, not to occupy large tracts of land, but to plunder wealth.

Consequences: Great damage to productivity; inflict untold suffering on the people; promoting national integration; Promote cultural blending.

The reason for the nomads to go south is basically the same: territory, population, and resource consequences are not to be discussed, it makes some ancient cities in the Central Plains suffer from the fire of war, some cultural relics are lost, and the people are killed, but he promotes the cultural exchanges between the Central Plains and other races, and contributes to the realization of China's great unification, and the Zhao Wuling King Hufu cavalry is a good example.

The reasons why nomads move south are basically the same: territory, population, resources.

However, some succeeded, such as the Xianbei, Jurchen, and Mongol groups, all of which had informed northern China, and even the whole of China, that in order to better rule, they had to learn the culture of the Han people in the Central Plains.

But most of the invading northern nomads were mostly held back beyond the Great Wall! Even if you enter the Central Plains, it is a flash in the pan: for example, the Huns!

The consequence is that some of them have gradually integrated into the wave of national integration and become an integral part of the big family of the Chinese nation later; At the same time, in the process of ethnic integration, some nomadic people learned the advanced agricultural civilization of the Central Plains, which objectively promoted the development of productive forces in minority areas. In the process of moving south, some ethnic minorities adopted a policy of blind burning, killing, and plundering, which also objectively undermined the local productive forces.