What do you know about folk art?

"Folk art" is a category in the field of art, and the word "folk" is obviously intended to distinguish it from the so-called "court art" and "aristocratic art". However, the field of "folk art" is very broad, and there are many "unique skills", such as shadow puppetry, paper-cutting, weaving, embroidery, lion dance, etc., are all very famous folk arts, but also the treasures of Chinese culture. Chinese Folk Crafts:

Lion dance, shadow puppetry, ceramics, clay sculpture, paper-cutting, cloth art, lanterns, pendants, bamboo horses, Lijiang woodcuts, birch bark craft, animal skin craft, bamboo weaving craft, lacquer craft, inkstone craft, lacquer pottery, jade craft, marble craft, wheat pole painting, New Year painting, kite, paper weaving painting, Suzhou embroidery, thangka, fish skin clothing, silver ornaments, pencil scrap painting, wood, Tujia boxwood carving, Thangka, Tuozhen painting, Chinese folk opera art: the more popular and famous operas are: Peking Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yue Opera, Henan Opera, Hunan Opera, Cantonese Opera, Qin Opera, Sichuan Opera, Ping Opera, Jin Opera, Han Opera, Chao Opera, Min Opera, Hebei Bangzi, Huangmei Opera, Hunan Flower Drum Opera.

Chinese folk dance art "Running Curtains", "Running Array Dance", "Fighting Unicorns", "Carrying Box Dance", "Dragon Dance", "Lion Dance", "Qilin Dance", "Driving Donkey", "Bamboo Horse Dance" and "Cat Butterfly Dance". "Fighting Spring Ox", "Iron Dance", "Eight Beautiful Pictures", "Lotus Lantern", "Chrysanthemum Lantern", "Dry Boat Dance", "Stilt Dance", "Yangge Dance", "Waist Encouragement", "Encouragement" and "Big Bronze Dance". Chinese Folk Painting, Chinese Folk Customs, Worship for Witches, Race for God's Wishes, Bragging, Dancing Drums, Chinese Folk Catwalks, Chinese Folk Costumes.

Traditional Chinese folk printing and dyeing include tie-dye, batik, blue calico and colored calico. The first three are all dyed and flowered by the method of printing and dyeing, and the indigo extracted from the decomposition of the plant knotweed is used as the dye, which is also known as blue dyeing and blue printing among the folk. Color calico is a multi-version color printing process.

According to ancient books such as "Historical Records" and "Year of the Bamboo Secretary", as early as the beginning of the 26th century BC, the Yellow Emperor made Xuanguan and yellow clothes, which were dyed with the juice of plants and trees. In the Xia, Shang and Zhou eras, there were already regulations on the printing and dyeing of clothing and ornamentation to distinguish the dignity and inferiority. After the Qin and Han dynasties, the hollow version of the printing method was very popular, and then the variety of colors and colors became more and more numerous, and the printing and dyeing process was also improved.

Folk art is as follows:

1. Shadow puppetry.

Shadow puppetry, originated in Shaanxi in the Western Han Dynasty of China, has a history of more than 1,000 years, is the world's earliest dubbing of the art of film and painting, some people think that shadow puppetry is the modern "ancestor of film".

In China, many local opera genres are derived from shadow puppetry, and the curtain performance principles and performing arts methods used in shadow puppetry have also played an important leading role in the invention of modern films and the development of modern film art films. It can be seen that shadow puppet art has high artistic value in China and even in the world.

2. Chinese paper-cutting.

Chinese paper-cutting, a folk art that uses scissors or carving knives to cut patterns on paper, is a national intangible cultural heritage with a broad mass base and rich information on cultural life, history, aesthetics, etc., and occupies an important position in folk activities, among which Shandong paper-cutting, Shanxi paper-cutting, Shaanxi paper-cutting, etc. are the representative genres of paper-cutting.

3. Clay sculpture art.

Clay sculpture art is an ancient and common folk art in China. It is made of clay as raw material, hand-kneaded into shapes, plain or colored, and mainly made of people and animals. China's clay sculpture art can be traced back to the Neolithic period 4,000 to 10,000 years ago, and there are many discoveries in the underground archaeology of prehistoric culture.

The most famous Chinese clay sculpture art is Tianjin "Clay Man Zhang", Wuxi Huishan Clay Man, Dunhuang Grottoes Colored Sculpture and so on. Nowadays, clay sculpture art is a concrete portrayal of people's pursuit of returning to the basics.

4. Weaving process (Chinese knot).

The weaving craft has a long history in China, as early as more than 1,000 years ago in the Liao Dynasty has exquisite weaving daily necessities. After the Qing Dynasty, it is all over the field of life, and its weaving materials are varied, including wicker weaving, rattan weaving, sorghum pole weaving, straw weaving, bamboo weaving, rope weaving, metal weaving, etc.

In fact, the Chinese knot is a unique folk hand-knotted ornament in China, which began in the knotting of the ancient ancestors, and is a traditional mascot ornament with unique shape, colorful and rich connotation.

5. Puppets. > puppet art has a long history of development in China, and the earliest puppets may be related to the funerary figurines of slave societies. Puppet theatre is a form of opera in which puppets are operated by artists to perform stories, and Chinese puppet theatre arose in the Han Dynasty. Nowadays, there are also many types of puppet shows, including Liaoxi puppet show, Zhangzhou puppet show, Quanzhou string puppet show, Jinjiang puppet show, and Shaoyang puppet show.

Gaozhou puppet show, Chaozhou Tiezhi puppet show, North Sichuan puppet show, Shiqian puppet show, Yang string puppet show, Taishun Yaofa puppet show, Lingao puppet show and other branches. In terms of the form of performance, it can be summarized into five types: marionettes, cane puppets, bag puppets, iron branch puppets, and medicine puppets.

6. Ceramic. > ceramics originated from the Neolithic Age of arts and crafts in China, after thousands of years of development, the use of clay, feldspar and quartz made of traditional ceramic art works with high artistic value and famous, and now ceramic products with radiation resistance, high hardness, high temperature corrosion resistance and other advantages have been widely used in the field of national economy.

Zhu Xianzhen's woodblock New Year paintings are one of the ancient traditional handicrafts in China. As the originator of Chinese woodblock prints, they are mainly distributed in Kaifeng, Zhuxian Town and its surrounding areas in Henan Province. Zhu Xianzhen's woodblock New Year paintings are full of composition, rough and concise lines, simple and exaggerated shapes, and fresh and gorgeous colors.

It is one of the five major opera genres in China and the largest local opera genre in China. Contemporary Henan Opera has followed Henan Satellite TV, Henan Yu Opera Theater, Taiwan Yu Opera Troupe and other performance groups to many countries around the world, such as Australia, Italy, France, Canada, Venezuela, New Zealand, Germany, etc.

Wheat straw painting is one of the unique characteristic handicrafts of the Han nationality, a kind of Chinese folk clip art, although the wheat straw painting comes from the folk, it is very rare, but also because it is used as a royal tribute. Wheat straw painting began in the Sui and Tang dynasties. It is a kind of cut-and-paste art like paper-cutting and cloth stickers.

Henan pendant originated from Henan, and is a traditional form of quyi that is popular in Henan and northern Anhui, such as the combination of song and willow, and three-string book. It has a history of more than 100 years. It is popular in Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Tianjin, Beijing and other places.

Because the main accompaniment instrument is"Pendant strings"(now called the pendant), and sung in Henan voice, so it is called Henan pendant.

The shadow puppet show distributed in western Henan is the oldest with Lingbao, which can be said to be the heirloom treasure of the ancient city. Lingbao's shadow puppetry, also known as Taoist shadow puppetry, is a kind of courtyard art that interprets the content of opera with elegant Taoist singing and light shadow puppet performance.

1. Folk art includes plastic art, dyeing, weaving and embroidery, cutting art, carving art, etc. The folk art of dyeing, weaving and embroidery actually includes several categories such as printing and dyeing, hand-spinning, embroidery, brocade, and silk. Plastic painting refers to the folk art made mainly by pinching, molding, stacking, acceptance and other methods, and its content includes clay sculpture, dough sculpture, pottery sculpture, sugar sculpture, rice flour kneading products, pulp patting, glass and glass and other plastic arts.

Scissors refer to folk artworks made mainly by cutting, carving, chiseling and other methods. Its contents include paper-cutting, paper-cutting, shadow puppetry, clip art, gourd carving, iron painting, stone line painting, porcelain carving, etc. Carving and engraving refer to the depiction of bamboo, jade, metal and other media, carving refers to the works made in this way, such as our common engraving, carved lacquer, carving, relief, etc., as well as sculpture artworks combined with shaping.

2. The history of folk paper-cutting. Folk paper-cutting is an ancient traditional Chinese folk art. It has a long history and unique style, and is loved by people at home and abroad.

The main material of decoupage is paper. Paper is one of the four great inventions of China, and it has long been recognized that papermaking was invented by Cai Lun around 105 AD. Later, Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province unearthed paper in the Western Han Dynasty, and experts believe that the time when paper appeared in China should be advanced to before the Ping Emperor of the Han Dynasty, probably in the period of Emperor Xuan.

Regardless of the conclusion, there would have been no real decoupage before the invention of paper. However, other sheet materials are used for cutting and engraving, but before there is paper, paper-cutting is a kind of hollow art and the most popular folk art, which visually gives people a sense of emptiness and artistic enjoyment. Its carrier can be paper, gold and silver leaf, bark, leaves, cloth, leather, leather and other sheet materials.

Folk arts include piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, opera, shadow puppetry, paper-cutting, clay sculpture art, weaving craft, puppetry, acrobatics, etc.

An introduction to the opera

Chinese opera is mainly a synthesis of three different art forms: folk song and dance, rap and burlesque. It originated from primitive song and dance and is a comprehensive stage art style with a long history. After the Han, Tang to Song, Jin to form a relatively complete opera art, it is composed of literature, dance, art, martial arts, acrobatics and performing arts, about more than 360 kinds.

It is characterized by the convergence of numerous art forms in a single standard, reflecting their individual personalities in a common nature. Chinese opera, along with Greek tragedy and comedy, and Indian Sanskrit opera, is known as the world's three oldest theater cultures.

Folk arts include embroidery, clay sculpture art, paper-cutting, shadow puppetry, carving, opera, calligraphy, porcelain, Chinese martial arts, New Year paintings, etc.

Broadly speaking, folk art is the art created by workers to meet their own life and aesthetic needs, including folk arts and crafts, folk arts, folk dances and operas and other art forms; In a narrow sense, folk art refers to folk plastic arts, including various forms of folk art and arts and crafts. According to the classification of materials, there are various folk handicrafts made of different materials such as paper, cloth, bamboo, wood, stone, leather, metal, cotton, mud, ceramics, etc. According to the different production skills, it can be divided into painting, plastic, weaving, cutting, printing and dyeing, etc.

Folk art refers to the arts, crafts and decorative ornaments made by ordinary people who have no formal artistic training, but who have mastered established traditional styles and techniques. A typical type of folk art may be produced in a country or region.

Folk art is often based on natural materials, local materials, and made in traditional handmade ways, with strong local characteristics and national styles, closely combined with folk activities, and closely related to life. Folk art is used in the four seasons of the year, the etiquette of life from birth to death, and the daily life of clothing, food, housing, and transportation.