Question 10 about Impressionism, Why did Impressionism come about?

Impressionist painting, also known as impressionism, is an epoch-making art school in the history of Western painting, a painting school that emerged in France from the 60s to the 90s of the 19th century.

It was named after Claude Monet's oil painting "Sunrise Impression" which was ridiculed by a journalist. This picture depicts the early morning in the port of Le Havre, when the sun stool has just risen. Since the painter has to complete the work in a very short moment, before the light changes, it is impossible to depict the picture very carefully.

When the academic painters saw this work, they thought it was rough and too casual, so they ridiculed the "Barbizon" painter in sarcastic language, which means that it was a group of painters who didn't know how to paint at all, and "Sunrise Impression" was completely painted based on impressions, and others echoed that these painters were all "impressionists".

Unexpectedly, these sarcastic words instead fulfilled these painters, and the "Impressionists" were born, while the "Barbizon School" was slowly forgotten.

Impressionism is characterized by impressionism, which paints with momentary impressions without relying on reliable knowledge.

Painters grasp a characteristic side to paint, so they have to fly the brush to apply the color directly to the canvas, they can only think more about the overall effect of the painting, and less about the details. Impressionism paints with extensive brushwork, and the work lacks embellishment, which is a kind of sloppy brushwork.

Impressionism takes the direct depiction of scenery under the outdoor sunlight, pursues the change of light and color with thinking, and attaches the momentary light perception to the canvas according to the processing in one's own mind, and this speculation of light and color also achieves the ultimate beauty of color and light sense.

The characteristics of Impressionism are as follows:

1. Impressionism emphasizes people's sense and impression of the light and shadow of external objects, opposes conformism in creative techniques, and advocates artistic innovation.

2. In terms of painting skills, the Impressionists carried out the first light and color, studied the method of describing objects with external light, and realized that the change of color is caused by the color cover Wu Zhanguang: the color changes with the observation position, the different light states and the influence of the environment.

3. Impressionism focused on depicting the momentary scenes of nature, making the moment eternal, and applying this scientific principle to painting. The Impressionists' subtle style of painting, which observed and directly felt the changes in color, had a profound influence on modern art.

4. The early Impressionists pursued the depiction of light, moved the easel from the indoor to the outdoors, and painted in the wild, so it was also called the Exterior Light School.

5. Impressionism broke away from the dependence of previous art forms on history and religion, and artists boldly abandoned traditional creative concepts and formulas. The artist shifted the focus to the purely visual form, and the content and subject matter of the work became less important, unlike Expressionism, which expressed inner emotions and ignored the external image of the depicted object.

First, the time of the rise is different.

1. Impressionism is an epoch-making art school in the history of Western painting, a painting school that emerged in France from the 60s to the 90s of the 19th century.

2. The Post-Impressionist art movement is a painting style that appeared in France between 1885 and 1905, and Post-Impressionism is a school of art that emerged in France after Impressionism.

Second, the inclusion relationship is different.

Post-Impressionism includes all art movements derived from or opposed to Impressionism, and Post-Impressionism is a breakthrough and rebellion against Impressionism. For example: Neo-Impressionism, Symbolism, Synthesis, Nabiism, etc.

Both Impressionism and Post-Impressionism are based on feelings and scientific methods of painting, which is a very objective art, and it is also the result of the overdevelopment of realism. Influenced by the anti-objective science of philosophy and literature, painting had to add a subjective element, that is, a strong self-expression based on individuality.

Third, the expression techniques are different.

Impressionist painters advocated going out of the studio and going deep into the wilderness, countryside, and street sketching, striving to depict nature realistically.

Post-impressionism emphasizes the expression of the painter's self-feelings, subjective feelings and emotions; In terms of modeling, attention is paid to the structure of the shape and the lines, color blocks and volumes that make up the shape; Emphasizing that art is not the same as the image of life, that is, painting is not a science, but should be created according to the painter's subjective feelings, therefore, the expression techniques of post-impressionist painters are exaggerated and deformed, and they pursue a personalized artistic language.