Why is there such a big difference between ancient Chinese pronunciation and modern Chinese pronunci

Ping: refers to the flat sound in ancient Chinese, Yin Ping and Yang Ping in modern Chinese;

仄: A general term for the three tones of up, go, and entry in ancient Chinese.

Chinese pronunciation is divided into four tones.

The ancient Chinese language was flat, up, go, and enter; Modern Chinese (Mandarin) is Yinping (i.e., the first tone), Yangping (i.e., the second tone), Desheng (i.e., the third tone), and Insheng (i.e., the fourth tone); (The tones of ancient Chinese and those of modern Chinese do not exactly correspond to each other.)

In modern Chinese, it refers to de-sound and in-voice.

The five tones of ancient Chinese, the three categories of "ping, min, early, and enter", are identified by modern phonology:

1. Pingsheng characters, including the first tone (Yinping) and the second tone (Yangping);

2. The words of the sound of the Zen dust include the words of the third sound (upper sound) and the fourth sound (de-sounding) of the bridge bird;

3. The pronunciation of the word is a bit like the sound of the word, but it is shorter and more cramped, and it has disappeared in the modern language, only existing in some regional dialects (such as Cantonese), and the sound word is classified as the sound of the word, and sometimes the author in order to show the ability to control the language, the whole poem is rhymed with the sound, which belongs to the "show off skill".

There are four tones in ancient Chinese: ping, shang, go, and enter. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Emperor Wu of Liang once asked Zhou She what the "four sounds" were, and Zhou She was the "Sage of Tianzi Pengzhou"; These four characters are exactly the same as Cha, which represent the four different tones of "flat going in".

No matter what kind of dialect is different from the pronunciation of ancient Chinese, there are the following dialects that are closer to ancient Chinese:

Wu dialect:

The Wu dialect not only has the sound but also retains the voiced initials of ancient Chinese, and these sounds no longer exist in most Chinese dialects, and only some of them remain in Min and Hunan languages (for example, Min is without d).'tone). For example, there are 50 monophones in Shanghainese, 32 in Mandarin and less than 33 in Cantonese.

Northern dialect, English, and French only have the correspondence of aspirated and unaspirated voices, aspirated voices and voiced sounds, and unaspirated voices and voiced sounds, respectively. And these three groups of sounds are present in the Wu language, which is not aspirated and clear plucked (given), det], and k].", aspirated plutic pat ph], th'], gram kh]."Voiced bob b], protruding d], g]."。

From the analysis of history, literary style, and linguistic characteristics, the Wu language is very close to the Middle Chinese dialect, and the neat eight tones of the Wu language are the orthodox descendants of ancient Chinese. Compared with the official dialect, the modern Wu language has more ancient sound factors, and many of the pronunciations are consistent with the ancient rhyme script.

Hakka dialect:

It is distributed in the eastern, southern and northern parts of Guangdong Province, the southern part of Jiangxi Province, the western part of Fujian Province (commonly known as western Fujian), the southeastern part of Guangxi and a few areas of Hunan and Sichuan, and the population accounts for about 4% of the total number of Han people. The language of the He people in this dialect area belongs to the Hakka dialect. The "mother tongue" of the He clan who emigrated to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan from this dialect area, as well as the overseas Chinese and Chinese of the He clan who lived abroad, should be the Hakka dialect.

Southern Hokkien dialect:

The Southern Fujian dialect, represented by Xiamen dialect, is distributed in the southern part of Fujian Province, the eastern part of Guangdong Province and part of Hainan Island, as well as most of Taiwan Province. There are also many overseas Chinese in Nanyang who speak the southern Fujian dialect. The user population accounts for about 3% of the total number of Han people.

The subject asks how many tones there are in ancient Chinese.

Generally speaking, the more accepted saying is the "four tones and eight tones" theory. In other words, there are four tones: flat, up, go, and in, and each sound is divided into yin and yang, forming eight tones. There is also a saying that it is "Yin Ping, Yang Ping, Yin Shang, Yang Go, Yin Go, Clear In, Secondary Turbidity In, and Full Turbidity In" These eight tones.

However, our country has a history of thousands of years, how many dynasties have been experienced in the middle, and how much geographical scope has been crossed. In terms of time, the linguistic phonology of the dynasties is constantly changing, and there is a very obvious and huge difference between the phonetic intonation of the pre-Qin period and the phonetic intonation of the Tang and Song dynasties, just like the difference between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese. From a geographical point of view, the difference between the languages of the north and the south, and the difference between the pronunciation of the east and the west, are also very different.

Far away, just look at the eyes, the Cantonese dialect retains the 9 tones of the ancient times, which is generally recognized by language lovers. The Wu dialect also has 7 tones, while the dialects in some parts of Hebei have only 3 tones, and the number of tones in the same era is different due to different regions. Therefore, we cannot simply say that there were several tones in ancient Chinese, but should make specific analyses and comparisons according to the era and region.

1. Ancient Chinese grammar is different from modern Chinese grammar. For example, in ancient Chinese, nouns can be placed in front of verbs as adverbs, but modern Chinese does not have such usage.

2. The pronunciation of ancient Chinese and modern Chinese is different. Two characters that are not the same in modern Chinese may have very similar pronunciations in ancient Chinese, and if you want to read ancient poems and songs, you must understand pingxuan, rhyme, etc., which requires more knowledge of phonology.

3. There are words with completely different meanings in ancient Chinese and modern Chinese. For example, "pond", modern Chinese bump game is the meaning of "pond", and in ancient Chinese, in addition to this meaning, there is also the meaning of "moat".

Ancient Chinese is the predecessor of modern Chinese, and modern Chinese is the inheritance and development of ancient Chinese.

The difference between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese is that the ancient Chinese language is in the form of classical Chinese, while modern Chinese is vernacular, easy to understand, ancient Chinese is based on the pictographic method of word making, so the overall glyph is more complex, and the mainland is mainly used to use simple and correct imperial burial and demolition of characters.