Stories and legends of lamps, types and uses of lamps, changes and development of lamps 10

The earliest practical electric lamp was the incandescent lamp, but long before the birth of the incandescent lamp, the Englishman Humphrey David used 2000 batteries and two carbon rods to make the arc lamp, but the arc lamp was too bright, produced too much heat and was not durable, and it could not be used in ordinary places.

In 1854, Henri Goebel, a German watchmaker who immigrated to the United States, made the first practical electric lamp from a carbonized bamboo wire placed in a vacuum glass bottle, which lasted for 400 hours, but he did not apply for a patent in time.

In 1860, the Englishman Joseph Swan also made a carbon filament electric lamp, but he failed to obtain a good vacuum environment that allowed the carbon filament to work for a long time.

In 874, two Canadian electrical technicians applied for a patent for an electric lamp: nitrogen was filled under a glass bubble to emit light with an electrified carbon rod, but they did not have the financial resources to continue perfecting the invention, so they sold the patent to Edison in 1875.

Edison bought the patent and tried to improve the filament, and finally in 1880 he made a carbonized bamboo filament lamp that could last for 1,200 hours. At the beginning of the 20th century, the carbonized filament was replaced by tungsten filament, and tungsten incandescent lamps are still used today.

In 1938, fluorescent lights were born. In 1998, white LED light was born.

The main types of electric lights:

1. Incandescent lamp.

Ordinary incandescent bulbs, commonly used incandescent bulbs, are what most of us think of as light bulbs. It is cheap, has good color rendering (RA=100), lights on when the light is turned on, can be continuously dimmed, and has a simple structure. Therefore, tungsten bulbs are also available in a variety of styles to match different lamps.

2. Tungsten halogen lamp.

Incandescent lamps containing part of the halogen or halide in the filling gas. It has all the characteristics of ordinary lighting incandescent lamps, and the light efficiency and life are more than double that of ordinary lighting incandescent lamps, and the volume is small.

3. Fluorescent lamps.

Features: high light efficiency, long life, good light color. Fluorescent lamps are available in straight tubes, rings, compacts, etc., and are energy-saving lighting sources with a wide range of applications. Replace incandescent lamps with straight tube fluorescent lamps, saving 70 to 90% of electricity and 5 10 times longer life.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Electric light.

1, "Aladdin's Magic Lamp", the story tells the story of a poor young gangster named Aladdin. He lived in western China and was later invited by a magician from the Maghreb to fetch a magical oil lamp from a cave with a trap. The magician is about to make further use of Aladdin when Aladdin finds him trapped in a cave.

Luckily, Aladdin still has one of the rings that the magician lent him. Aladdin rubbed his hands together in despair, and just as he happened to rub the ring, a genie burst out. The elf also brought him home, and Aladdin brought back the oil lamp.

Just as his mother was about to clean the oil lamp, suddenly an even more powerful spirit burst out from the oil lamp, waiting for its master's call. With the help of the elves, Aladdin became rich and powerful, and married the princess Badrobardor. The elves built Aladdin Bima a beautiful palace, even more magnificent than the emperor's palace.

2. "Baolian Lantern", also known as "Splitting the Mountain to Save the Mother", is one of the ancient Chinese myths and legends, and its storyline is the marriage of the Virgin and Liu Xi, and the birth of a hand to fight agarwood. Our Lady's brother Erlang God actually stole the Baolian lamp and pressed the Holy Mother under Huashan. Fifteen years later, Agarwood learned martial arts to split the mountain to save his mother, and the Baolian lamp was bright again.

There are several theatrical adaptations; There are also various versions of operas, movies, TV series, etc. derived from it.

3, "Ghost Blowing the Lamp", is a book published by Qingdao Publishing House in 2015, and the author is Tianxia Ba Sing. The main content is tomb robbery treasure hunting, which is a very classic suspense tomb robbery**, and this ** quickly became the top of the book sales list. After that, the author continued to write a second part, which deals with the tomb robbery of Chen Blind Man and Partridge Whistle.

As follows:

1. Bronze lamps.

If you want to trace the history of the evolution of lamps, it can be traced back to the Warring States period, and through archaeological research, it has been found that there were copper lamps and lanterns in that period. At that time, bronze culture was very popular, and archaeological excavations will find many copper lamps, but generally only the upper class.

to be able to use it.

2. Pottery lamps.

With the development of time, it reached the Qin and Han dynasties.

At this time, there are a lot of pottery, and some copper lamps and lanterns have been produced, and from the perspective of the production process, they are also more beautiful, and the shape is very beautiful.

Three, two Han lamps.

In the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, lamps and lanterns developed more and more popular, there are many shapes, such as the shape of the character or the shape of the animal, and large-scale production, and the lamps can not only be used for lighting, including marriage or sacrifice, are indispensable supplies.

Fourth, porcelain lamps.

In the Sui and Tang dynasties.

It is also the peak of China's development, there is another porcelain, which has led to a lot of ceramic lamps and lanterns, and the development is relatively rapid.

5. Candle lamps.

In the Song and Yuan dynasties, it can be seen from some archaeological excavations that the decorative art of the lamp is more beautiful, there are various styles, and its firing technology is becoming more and more advanced.

6. Metal lamps.

The Ming Dynasty was also the most glorious time for the development of Chinese lamps and lanterns, not only in terms of materials, but also in its style, which also developed by leaps and bounds, such as some metal fixtures or flange lamps.

7. Modern lamps and lanterns.

To say that modern lamps and lanterns are more abundant, because they have been electrified, many lamps are lit by electricity, the technology is more advanced, and it has also led to a lot of smart lights, which are more modern.

The characteristics and functions of the lamp are described as follows:

Electric lamps are artificial lighting appliances that use electricity as an energy source, and electric lights convert electrical energy into light energy to illuminate human beings at night or in dark rooms.

Electric lamp is to convert electrical energy into light energy, to provide lighting equipment, its working principle is: electric current through the filament (tungsten filament, melting point of more than 3000) when the heat is generated, the spiral filament continues to gather heat, so that the temperature of the filament up to more than 2000, the filament in the incandescent state, like the red-hot iron can shine and emit light.

The higher the temperature of the filament, the brighter the light emitted. Therefore, it is called incandescent lamp. From the perspective of energy conversion, when the lamp emits light, a large amount of electrical energy will be converted into heat energy, and only a very small part can be converted into useful light energy.

Tungsten filament can remain stable at a very high temperature without melting, but directly sublimated into gas, and when the lamp is turned off, the temperature drops, and tungsten gas is re-condensed into a solid covered on the inner wall of the bulb, because tungsten is a black solid, so after the incandescent lamp is used for a long time, tungsten repeatedly accumulates on the inner wall of the lamp, and the bulb will turn black.

Electric lamps have a lifespan, generally after blackening, the life is not long, the black bulb will affect the quality of lighting, and it is not beautiful, so it is better to replace the black bulb as soon as possible with too long time, especially in a conspicuous position, the place that needs good lighting should be replaced as soon as possible, so as not to suddenly break the bulb without a spare bulb, affecting the normal lighting and life, causing various inconveniences.

The life of the lamp is related to the temperature of the filament, because the higher the temperature, the easier it is for the filament to sublimate (tungsten directly becomes tungsten gas), when the tungsten filament is sublimated to a relatively thin and thin one, it is easy to burn out after being energized, thus ending the life of the lamp. Therefore, the greater the power (wattage) of the lamp, the shorter the lifespan.

The author of this article, Wang Yuanjian, is a famous contemporary writer, who served as a reporter with the army in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, his works are true, vivid and moving, and the most famous works are "Party Fee", "The Story of Grain", "Seven Matches", etc., this article was written on the eve of liberation.

Through the recollection of a past incident about lighting, Sakura praises the dedication of revolutionary martyrs and shows that today's happy life is not easy to come by.

The main part of the text is a reminiscence of the past. first wrote on the eve of a fierce siege and annihilation battle, Deputy Battalion Commander Hao's vision for a better life in the future; After the battle began, in order to help the follow-up troops find a breakthrough, Deputy Battalion Commander Hao resolutely lit the book, but exposed himself and was hit by the enemy's machine gun; In the end, it was written that the siege and annihilation battle was completely victorious, and the deputy battalion commander Hao, who dedicated his life "so that the children could study under the electric light", did not have time to see the electric light.

The beginning of the text is intended to evoke memories of the past, and the ending echoes the beginning. With such a beginning and ending, it is obviously telling people: never forget the revolutionary martyrs who created New China and brought us a happy life.

A passage from Deputy Battalion Commander Hao before his death may be a difficult point for students to understand the text. In context, we can know that the incident happened in 1947 before the founding of the People's Republic of China, when most of the rural villages except the cities did not have electric lights. And Deputy Battalion Commander Hao, like "me", "has lived in the countryside since childhood", so he has never seen an electric light.