Why did the ancient feudal society allow land to be bought and sold freely?

In ancient times, land is a symbol of wealth, a monarch is essentially the largest landlord in the world, since it is wealth, it can be used for resale, mortgage, the same today, but ** with another definition to achieve this kind of activity, the name said: the legal right to use the transaction of land, in the legal sense is not to buy and sell land, in terms of the objective phenomenon, is to buy and sell land.

In ancient feudal societies, land was usually held by feudal lords or nobles. Over time, these feudal lords or nobles may lose control of the land for various reasons such as inheritance, gifting, purchase, etc. In order to regain control of the land, they may take measures to restrict the free buying and selling of land.

In addition, there were laws or customs in feudal society that restricted the free buying and selling of land. For example, in some areas, land can only be owned by local residents or a certain class of people, while others cannot buy land.

It should be noted that in certain periods and regions, the free purchase and sale of land also existed. For example, in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties in ancient China, due to the development of the commodity economy and the increase in financial pressure, the restrictions on land sales were gradually relaxed and land was allowed to be bought and sold freely.

Land buying and selling is the activity of trading land as a commodity, and it is the act of the landowner transferring the ownership of the land to others. Capitalist land ownership is the most complete and typical form of private ownership of land, that is, land can be bought and sold, leased or operated on its own relatively freely. In a capitalist society, land has become an important commodity in the market.

Summary. Impact: In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the feudal land system had become a serious shackle that hindered the development of agricultural production, while some changes in the feudal land system, such as the change of the tenant system, the relaxation of feudal dependency and the development of peasant small land ownership, could adapt to the development of agricultural production to a certain extent.

What impact did the feudal land system have on China at that time?

Impact: In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the feudal land system had become a serious shackle that hindered the development of agricultural production, while some changes in the feudal land system, such as the change of the tenant system, the relaxation of feudal dependency and the development of peasant small land ownership, could adapt to the development of agricultural production to a certain extent.

Since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the power of powerful landlords and even the landlord groups of scholars has continued to expand, and there is a relatively serious personal dependence relationship between the landlords who have ownership rights and the peasants who exercise the right to use. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the personal dependence between landlords and tenant farmers in the feudal tenant relationship continued to decline, and the separation of land ownership and use rights had a new development.

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Ancient land allowed "those who have a surplus to sell their profits, and those who are insufficient to buy their shortcomings", which clearly shows that the free purchase and sale of land in ancient times was only a right of use, not ownership.

In ancient China, it seems that the sale and purchase of land was forbidden. China's feudal society was a small-scale peasant economy, and land was the foundation, so there was only the right to use, not ownership. The land belongs to the emperor, isn't there a saying that the whole world is not the king's land? That's how it should be.

Qin Dynasty Shang Dynasty martingale reform. Not the Qin Dynasty.

The initial tax of the Warring States Lu State advocated distributing the land to the peasants and then collecting taxes.

Establish private ownership of land to reward military merits and promote the rise of new landlords.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the vassal states successively changed the law. The new state taxation system and legal provisions have gradually changed the land ownership system from state ownership to private ownership, such as the "cui levy on the decline of the land" and the "initial tax per mu" of the Lu State in the Spring and Autumn Period. It was established that private land should be privately owned, with a tax per mu (less), a burden per capita, and a heavy duty (heavy), basically with taxpayers as the mainstay, and personal control was strictly enforced.

During this period, there was an unsuccessful Wang Mang reform, he imitated the ancient well field system, and the national land was renamed Wang Tian, and it was not allowed to be bought and sold. Not only did it fail to solve the social land problem, but on the contrary, it confined the peasants to the king's fields as cattle and horses, further intensifying all kinds of contradictions. The feudal land state ownership system was based on the people's burden, the system of equalizing the land, the regulation of rents and Yong (Yong appeared in the Sui Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty abolished the age limit to ensure the working hours of the peasants), and the government and military system.

The Juntian system, the rent-yong modulation, and the government and military system are a trinity.

Due to the increase in the desire of landlords to pursue land due to private ownership of land, landlords carried out land annexation, and a large loss of state-owned land caused a fait accompli of landlords' private ownership (the system of land equalization completely collapsed, and the regulation of rent and yong could not be implemented) In 780, the two taxation laws (household tax and land tax, fixed time, and lax personal control) were implemented. The law promoted the emergence of a large number of feudal private ownership of land, and the landlords practiced division of labor and cooperative labor in large-scale estates, which was conducive to the development of the feudal economy.

In fact, under the premise that the state recognizes the land annexation of landlords, the two taxation laws tax landlords on the basis of land assets, which is a redistribution of landlords' interests in nature and a partial adjustment of production relations. On the basis of taking the number of people in the 50th year of Kangxi as a fixed number, Emperor Yongzheng implemented the method of "apportioning the ding into the mu", evenly apportioning the ding tax into the field endowment, collecting a unified land and silver, and completely solving the dual-track taxation form of the simultaneous collection of ding and land, thus completing the reform of China's feudal service system since the two tax laws of the Tang Dynasty - the historical process of merging the conscription and the poll tax into the land tax. In 1712, the Qing Dynasty stipulated that the number of people in the 50th year of Kangxi (1711) should be used as the fixed number of Ding tax for levy, and in the future, "breed people and never increase the endowment".

In this way, the feudal state's personal control over the peasants was further relaxed, the peasants' enthusiasm for production was mobilized, the class contradictions were temporarily eased, and the relatively rapid economic development of the Kangqian period was promoted. The phenomenon of hidden population has also gradually decreased, which has contributed to the growth of our population.