What is Graphene? What are the features?

Graphene is a carbon nano-two-dimensional material, the atom is composed of sp2 hybrid orbitals, the plane is like a hexagonal honeycomb structure, the material is very strong and hard, at room temperature, the speed of electron transfer is faster than that of known conductors, and the whole material is only one carbon atom thickness, which is the thinnest known material in the world. Mechanical properties: the material with the highest known mechanical strength, two Chinese scientists Li Chenggu and Wei Xiaoding from Columbia University in the United States, have studied that graphene is the material with the highest mechanical strength known to mankind, and its Young's modulus is as high as 1TPA, which is 200 times higher than that of steel

Thermal properties: Thermal conductivity is the first in the world, and the thermal conductivity of graphene is better than that of carbon nanotubes. The thermal conductivity of ordinary carbon nanotubes can reach 3500W mK, and the theoretical value is even as high as 6000W mK, which is twice that of diamond, a natural material with the highest thermal conductivity at present.

Optical properties: Because of the unique band structure and zero band gap characteristics, graphene has two surprising optical properties, the graphite monolayer only absorbs visible light, and the transparency is. The nonlinear optical absorption characteristic shows that when exposed to strong light, it absorbs well in the infrared band, and when the light intensity exceeds the threshold, this property becomes saturated

Electron properties and transport: The lowest available resistivity material "electrons obey relativistic quantum mechanics in graphene and have no static mass" Unlike most common substances, it has zero semiconductor gaps, and in the conjugate system of large bonds in graphene, electron movement is completely different from that of metals and semiconductors, and follows the Dirac equation, so it can move at high speed at Fermi rate. In laboratory electron transport measurements, graphene has an electron mobility higher than 15,000 cm2v 1s 1 and is more independent of temperature.

It is the material with the lowest resistivity among the existing substances. <>

Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial composed of carbon atoms with sp hybrid orbitals, hexagonal and honeycomb lattice.

It is mainly divided into single-layer graphene, double-layer graphene, few-layer graphene, and multi-layer graphene. Graphene has excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties.

Main applications:

With the gradual breakthrough of mass production and large size and other problems, the pace of industrial application of graphene is accelerating, based on the existing research results, the first field to achieve commercial application may be mobile equipment, aerospace, new energy battery field.

Basic research. Graphene is of special significance to the fundamental research of physics, as it enables some quantum effects that could only be demonstrated theoretically through experiments.

In two-dimensional graphene, the mass of electrons seems to be non-existent, a property that makes graphene a rare condensed matter that can be used to study relativistic quantum mechanics - because massless particles must move at the speed of light, they must be described in terms of relativistic quantum mechanics, which provides a new direction for theoretical physicists: some experiments that originally needed to be carried out in giant particle accelerators can be carried out with graphene in small laboratories.

Graphene is a carbon element composed of carbon atoms neatly arranged in a hexagonal lattice, and its structure is very stable.

Its perfect lattice structure is often mistaken for stiffness, but this is not the case. The connections between the individual carbon atoms of graphene are very flexible, and when an external mechanical force is applied, the carbon atom surface is bent and deformed. In this way, the carbon atoms do not need to be rearranged to adapt to external forces, which also ensures the stability of the graphene structure, making the graphene harder than diamond, and at the same time can be stretched like pulling rubber.

This stable lattice structure also gives graphene excellent electrical conductivity. As the electrons in graphene move through orbitals, they are not scattered due to lattice defects or the introduction of foreign atoms. Due to the very strong interatomic forces, the electrons in graphene are disturbed very little at room temperature, even if the surrounding carbon atoms collide.

Graphene is a honeycomb planar film formed by the sp2 hybridization of carbon atoms, and is a quasi-two-dimensional material with only one atomic layer thickness, so it is also called single-atomic layer graphite. Its thickness is about 1 nm in the vertical direction and about 10 nm in the horizontal direction and about 25 nm in the horizontal direction, and it is the basic building block of all carbon crystals (zero-dimensional fullerenes, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, three-dimensional body-oriented graphite) except diamond.

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The characteristics of graphene are as follows:

1. Electrical and thermal conductivity, the structure of graphene is very stable, this stable lattice such as the structure of the absolute structure makes the carbon atom have excellent conductivity, and the electrons in the graphene slag posture will not scatter due to lattice defects or the introduction of foreign atoms when moving in the slip orbit.

2. Mechanical properties, graphene is the strongest substance known to mankind, the strength is 100 times higher than the world's best steel, and the maximum pressure they can withstand per 100 nanometers reaches about micronewt.

3. Interaction of electrons, there are strong interactions between electrons and between electrons and honeycomb grids in graphene.

4. Electronic transport, graphene can exist at a limited temperature, and it also has abnormalities.

Graphene is a planar hexagonal lattice structure formed by the covalent bonding of carbon atoms. Its unique structure and properties have attracted the attention of scientists. Graphene has three major characteristics, which are high conductivity, high strength and revolutionary material.

First of all, graphene has high electrical conductivity. Since the structure of graphene is only one atom thick, electrons can travel freely through the graphene, making it more conductive than common conductors such as copper and silver. This high conductivity makes graphene have a wide range of applications in electronics, optoelectronics and other fields.

Secondly, graphene has high strength. Graphene is 200 times stronger than steel, but only as dense as steel1 6. This high strength gives graphene excellent wear resistance and impact resistance, which can be used in aviation, automotive, electronics, medical and other fields.

Finally, the emergence of graphene will bring about a revolutionary material revolution. The application prospects of graphene cover many fields such as materials science, energy, environmental protection, and biomedicine. In the future, graphene may be able to solve many of the challenges faced by human beings and bring us a better world.