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Description of geographical features.

1) Description of the physical and geographical features of the region:

1. Analyze the physical and geographical characteristics of the region: start from the aspects of topography, climate, vegetation, rivers and soil.

2. A description of the geographical location.

Hemispheric position, latitude and longitude position, land and sea position, relative position.

3. Description of topographical features:

topographic composition, topographic characteristics, altitude, topography and undulations; distribution of major topographic areas; type of terrain (plains, plateaus, mountains, hills, basins); Important topographic profile features.

4. Description of climatic characteristics:

To analyze the climatic characteristics of a place, a comprehensive analysis should be carried out in combination with the geographical latitude, the ups and downs of the terrain, the direction of the mountains, the shady and sunny slopes, and the distance from the ocean. Start with both temperature and precipitation.

5. Describe the weather and weather changes: temperature, humidity, wind and direction, cloudy and sunny air pressure, etc.

6. A description of the characteristics of the river.

Combined with the flow direction of the river to determine the general trend of the terrain, combined with the windward slope, leeward slope, precipitation conditions, contour height difference and landform types of the differences to analyze the hydrological and water system characteristics.

The hydrological characteristics of rivers include water volume, water level, seasonal variation, length of flood season, sediment content, ice period, and flood phenomenon. Contour dense river valleys, high river velocity, abundant water energy;

Characteristics of river system: river length, flow direction, basin area, number and morphology of tributaries, river network density, drop and valley distribution. The mountains form radial water systems, the basins form centripetal water systems, and the mountain ridges become the watersheds of the water systems.

7. Determine the type of natural zone.

1. The natural zone corresponding to the climate on the horizontal plane; 2. Height slope direction (sunny slope, shady slope, leeward slope).

2) Description of the distribution characteristics of human elements.

1. Description of agricultural characteristics: agricultural status, agricultural type, main household products, main agricultural distribution areas, main crops, farming methods, systems, management methods, agricultural modernization level, commodity rate.

2. Description of industrial characteristics: industrial status, industrial sector, industrial products, industrial distribution, raw materials and market dependence, etc.

3. Description of the characteristics of population and urban distribution: surface distribution: plain, linear distribution: distribution along the river coastline traffic line, spotted distribution in desert oases.

4. Description of the distribution law of geographical things:

On the whole, it is to grasp the distribution trend of "point", "line" and "surface"; To indicate which geographic thing is superimposed on top of it, it is usually said which terrain it is superimposed on.

The distribution of "points" is generally "starry arching moon-shaped", "sparse or dense along a certain direction"; or the location of the geographic thing in a geographical thing.

The "line" distribution should indicate the direction in which it moves and its sparse characteristics. For example, the distribution of settlements (cities) in Xinjiang is characterized by distribution along the foothills and basin edges, and is more dense along the railway lines and at the mouths of large rivers.

The "surface" distribution should indicate the distribution range of the geographical thing, that is, the boundary between the southeast and the northwest; or the distribution and approximate area of the geographical thing in a geographical thing. For example, the distribution range of the Loess Plateau is from the Taihang Mountains in the east, to the east of the Qilian Mountains in the west, from the Great Wall in the north to the Qinling Mountains in the south.

Geographical characteristics:

From the point of view of the world - located from the eastern and western hemispheres, she is located in the eastern hemisphere; From the perspective of the northern and southern hemispheres, she is located in the northern hemisphere; From the perspective of the relationship between the continents and the oceans of the world, it is a country in the east of Asia and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.

From the perspective of latitude and location - China's territory spans a wide range of latitudes from north to south, most of which are located in the middle latitudes, which belong to the north temperate zone, and a few areas in the south are located in the tropics south of the Tropic of Cancer, there is no cold zone, and only in the alpine areas there is a year-round ice and snow zone.

Our country is located in. From the perspective of sea and land location, China is located in the east of the world's largest continent - the Eurasian continent, and the west is deep in the interior of the Eurasian continent and borders many countries;

The eastern part is bordered by the Pacific Ocean, the world's largest ocean, and is home to many islands and harbors.

China's land surface is undulating, the west is dominated by mountains, the east is dominated by plains and hills, and the general characteristics of terrain are high in the west and low in the east. China's topography extends from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the north and east, and various types of terrain are gradually decreasing in a stepwise manner.

The plains and hills of our country are mainly concentrated in the east, where the soil is fertile and has a long history of development.

The easternmost point of China's territory is at the intersection of the center line of the main channel of the Heilongjiang River and the Ussuri River; (135 degrees 2 minutes 30 seconds east longitude).

The southernmost point of our territory is in the Boys' Spratly Islands; (3°52'N).

The westernmost part of China's territory is on the Pamir Plateau in Xinjiang; (73 degrees 40 minutes east longitude).

The northernmost point of China's territory is on the center line of the main channel of the Heilongjiang River north of the Mohe River in Heilongjiang Province. (53°33' N).

Latitude and longitude, the country, region, surrounding landmarks or mountains.

Climate change geography.

You can apply for majors in physical geography, human geography, geographic information system, environmental science, etc.

Physical geography is a discipline that studies the composition, structure, spatial differentiation characteristics, formation, development and change of the physical geographical environment, as well as the relationship between man and the environment.

The study object of physical geography is the physical geographical environment, including the natural environment that has only been indirectly or slightly affected by human beings and has not undergone significant changes in the original natural appearance, and the artificial environment that has been directly affected by human beings for a long time and has caused major changes in the original natural appearance.

The physical geographical environment refers to a special layer on the earth's surface with a certain thickness, that is, a special layer in the interval where the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere interact and penetrate each other.

Human geography is based on the theory of human-land relations, and is a discipline that is the geographical distribution, diffusion and change of various human phenomena, as well as the formation and development of the regional structure of human social activities. It is an important part of the geography discipline system and one of the two main sub-disciplines of geography.

The word "humanities" corresponds to the word "nature" in physical geography, and refers to various social, political, economic and cultural phenomena in general, and some scholars believe that it only refers to social and cultural phenomena.

Human geography is generally divided into broad and narrow senses, the broad sense of human geography includes socio-cultural geography, political geography, economic geography, etc., and the narrow sense of human geography refers to socio-cultural geography, excluding economic geography.

The postgraduate examination direction of geographical science major is mainly concentrated in: subject teaching (geography), physical geography, human geography, geography, the following is the introduction of each major:

Postgraduate Direction 1 of Geographical Science Major: Discipline Teaching (Geography).

The subject of teaching geography belongs to the Master of Education, that is, the professional master's degree. Relatively speaking, it is a major with quite good employment prospects. Due to the high demand for geography majors, and the number of geography graduates in Hebei Normal University is much smaller than that of other disciplines, the competitive pressure is low and the employment situation is more optimistic.

Geography 2: Physical Geography.

Physical geography is a discipline that studies the composition, structure, spatial differentiation characteristics, formation, development and change of the physical geographical environment, as well as the relationship between man and the environment. In the discipline system of geography, physical geography and human geography belong to the secondary discipline of geography. As a course, physical geography is the core professional basic course of geographic science, geography education, geographic information system and other majors in colleges and universities. It is also one of the main basic courses for agronomy, forestry, environmental science, atmospheric science, geology and other related majors.

The major of Physical Geography cultivates research, education, planning and management experts with scientific research ability, firm patriotism, noble moral character, simple style and deep cultural quality.

Graduates of this major are mainly engaged in scientific research, teaching, management, planning and development in scientific research institutions, schools and enterprises, as well as management in administrative departments. Compared with some popular majors, the employment prospects of this major are not very good.

Geography 3: Human Geography.

Human geography is a highly interdisciplinary discipline that has emerged at a certain stage of the development of geography, and has increasingly become the focus of geography research, and is one of the two main sub-disciplines of geography for the geographical distribution, diffusion and change of various human phenomena, as well as the formation and development of the regional structure of human social activities.

Graduates can engage in scientific research, teaching, management, planning and development in scientific research institutions, schools and enterprises, as well as in administrative departments, as well as in economic construction and management in tourism, land, resources and environment, and urban planning.

Relatively speaking, human geography should be less involved, and the choice of humanities employment should be smaller, and the treatment may not be very optimistic. But there are also good destinations, such as tourism bureaus and other tourism units, social science research units, etc.

Geography Science Postgraduate Entrance Examination Direction 4: Geography.

Geography is an ancient research subject that was once known as the mother of science. Ancient geography was the study of measurements about the shape and size of the earth, or the description of known regions and countries. Any type of spatial change in the various phenomena on the Earth's surface is conditioned by many factors that affect nature and human life, so geographers must be familiar with the disciplines of biology, sociology and geology.

Geography major research direction: geological engineering, geography, geology, earth science.

Geography majors can apply for the biography.

Physical geography, human geography of the system, and the Department of Geophysical Information related to BAI.

Majors in ZHI system, environmental science, DAO tourism management and geology. At present, there are many people who apply for physical geography and human geography, and they can find a job with a wide range of employment, and they can be engaged in the teaching profession or continue their doctoral studies. At present, there are various graduate schools of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, such as the Beijing Institute of Geography and Nanjing Lake.

Those with good grades can also apply for the physical geography or human geography majors of Beijing Normal University and Northeast Normal University. Other related majors such as Shaanxi Normal University, East China Normal University, Liaoning Normal University and other schools. Geographic information systems (GIS) and tourism management are currently in a better employment situation, because they are relatively difficult to get into, and the requirements for professional courses are stricter.

However, it is still possible to go to colleges and universities for now. If the foundation is not very good, it is best to consider Fujian Normal University, Jilin Normal University, Northwest Normal University and other schools, and you can also consider escorting.

Ancient books on Chinese geography include Hanshu Geography, Notes on the Book of Water, Mengxi Writings, Taiping Huanyu Ji, Xu Xiake's Travels, and so on.

1. Hanshu Geography

The Hanshu Geographical Chronicles, which consists of two volumes, is a masterpiece of ancient history and geography of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

The book recounts the geographical evolution of the pre-Han Dynasty, focusing on Kyushu in "Yu Gong" and Kyushu in "Zhou Guan"; Then, the geography of the Western Han Dynasty is described, with the county as the article, and the geographical overview of each county and its subordinate counties, provinces, and marquis is written in turn, such as the households and population of the county, the history of the abolition and renaming, various special products, the governors, iron officials, salt officials, industrial officials, etc., mountains, rivers, lakes, passes, scenic spots, road traffic, and so on.

2. "Notes on the Book of Water".

Notes on the Book of Water is a masterpiece of ancient Chinese geography, with a total of 40 volumes. The author is Li Daoyuan in the late Northern Wei Dynasty.

There are 1,252 large and small rivers recorded in the book, more than 500 lakes and swamps, nearly 300 groundwater such as springs and wells, more than 30 underground flows, more than 60 waterfalls, various natural disasters such as floods, droughts, wind disasters, locust plagues, etc., and more than 30 floods have been recorded, and there are nearly 20 times.

Remember all kinds of landforms, the highlands have mountains, mountains, peaks, ridges, bans, gangs, hills, fu, gu, obstacles, peaks, rocks, plains, etc., the lowlands have rivers, wilds, fertile fields, Pingchuan, plains, Yuanxi, etc., there are nearly 2,000 place names of mountains and hills alone, more than 70 caves are recorded in karst landforms, there are more than 140 kinds of plant varieties recorded in phytogeography, and more than 100 kinds of animals are recorded in zoogeography.

3. "Dream Creek Writings".

Mengxi Writing Talks is a comprehensive notebook work involving ancient Chinese natural science, technology and history. The book was written in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the author was Shen Kuo, a scientist and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The book has 17 items and 609 articles. The content covers various disciplines such as astronomy, mathematics, physics, geography, chemistry, biology, etc., and its value is extraordinary.

Fourth, "Taiping Huanyu Ji".

The Taiping Huanyu Ji is a geographical history of ancient China, which describes the territory of the Song Dynasty. Widely quoted historical books, gazetteers, anthologies, inscriptions, poems and miscellaneous records of immortals and Buddhas, etc., totaling about 200 kinds, and more indicating the source, retaining a large number of precious historical materials.

The author of "Taiping Huanyu Ji" is a geographer and literary scholar of the Northern Song Dynasty. The Taiping Huanyu Ji was written during the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty (976 983).

5. "Xu Xiake's Travels".

Xu Xiake's Travels is a prose travelogue created by the Ming Dynasty geographer Xu Xiake, on the basis of the original manuscript, Wang Zhongsu's hand school and Ji Mengliang continued to write the manuscript, which was written in the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642).

Xu Xiake's Travels is a pioneering work of systematic investigation of China's geomorphology and geology, and also depicts the scenic resources of China's great rivers and mountains.